Ammonium bifluoride yog cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj tshuaj lom neeg siv hauv cov iav, roj thiab metallurgical industries. Cov khoom siv feem ntau yog siv los hloov cov hydrofluoric acid lossis hydrogen fluoride.
piav qhia dav dav thiab lub cev muaj zog
Ammonium bifluoride feem ntau muaj cov khoom sib sau ua ke thiab nthuav tawm hauv cov khoom siv lead ua. Cov tom kawg yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev solubility siab hauv dej, tab sis xoom - hauv acetone thiab cawv. Crystals muaj ib tug orthorhombic syngony nrog ib tug discrete pab pawg neeg ntawm cov lus tsa suab Р txiv neej. Cov khoom decomposes ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 238 ° C.
No bifluoride tsis muaj hluav taws kub thiab tawg.
qauv thiab tshuaj formula
Cov tshuaj muaj ntau lub npe, xws li ammonium fluoride bifluoride, ammonium fluoride, ammonium hydrofluoride, thiab lwm yam. Cov tshuaj no muaj cov tshuaj formula NH 4 (HF2).
Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom muaj xws li:
- kevammonium (NH4+);
- bifluoride lossis hydrogen difluoride;
- anion (HF2-).
Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm qhov sib xyaw no yog qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws hydrogen daim ntawv cog lus nrog qhov ntev ntawm 114 microns. Nws ua ke fluorine thiab hydrogen nyob rau hauv centrosymmetric triatomic bifluoride anion. Lub zog ntawm daim ntawv cog lus no tshaj 155 kJ/mol-1.
Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv crystalline ntawm cov khoom, txhua ammonium cation yog surrounded los ntawm plaub fluoride chaw, tsim ib tug tetrahedron.
Kev tsim khoom
Ammonium bifluoride yog tsim nyob rau hauv ob daim ntawv:
- khoom (dawb crystals);
- as a solution.
Kev daws yog kua ntshiab uas muaj ntxhiab tsw. Qhov concentration ntawm cov khoom pib hauv cov sib tov yog los ntawm 28 mus rau 30%.
Kev siv tshuaj
Ammonium bifluoride muaj ntau yam kev siv. Tshwj xeeb, nws yog siv rau:
- iav ua;
- Aluminium anodizing;
- ua ib qho kev hloov pauv rau cov tshuaj lom thiab corrosive hydrofluoric acid, uas txhim kho ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg thiab txo cov nqi ua iav;
- ntxuav qhov chaw hlau;
- tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm cov kav dej kub, tawv thiab khoom ntoo;
- cast manganese (raws li flux);
- tshem tawm cov xuab zeb los ntawm cov roj qhov dej;
- tshem tawm xeb hauv boilers thiab kav dej;
- ntxuav cov roj kab.
Hloov cov hydrofluoric acid nrog ammonium hydrofluoride tsis yog siv hauviav ua, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv zoo drilling.
Toxicity profile
Hazard class of ammonium bifluoride - ADR 8. Qhov no yog ib yam tshuaj lom rau tib neeg lub cev uas muaj zog corrosive. Cov tshuaj no ua rau khaus ntawm kev sib cuag nrog daim tawv nqaij thiab kub hnyiab ntawm lub sijhawm ntev. Kev sib cuag nrog ammonium bifluoride hauv qhov muag tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev puas tsuaj.
Kev nqus pa oxygen ua ke nrog cov tshuaj no ua rau cov tsos mob hauv qab no:
- ua paug ntawm cov mucous ntawm nasopharynx thiab ua pa ib ntsuj av;
- nosebleeds;
- hnoos;
- hwb;
- ua tsis taus pa;
- xeev siab thiab ntuav.
Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm ammonium bifluoride nrog dej ua rau tsim cov hydrofluoric acid txaus ntshai heev, uas ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov tshuaj no thaum nws los rau hauv cov tawv nqaij ntub dej. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub sij hawm ntev thiab khaus raug rau cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub cev, nws cov nyhuv ua rau fluoride lom, mob plab, tsis muaj zog, convulsions thiab txawm tuag.
Kev sib cuag tib neeg tsis tu ncua nrog ammonium bifluoride ua rau kev txhim kho cov kab mob hu ua fluorosis, uas muaj cov tshuaj fluoride tso rau hauv cov pob txha thiab cov hniav.
Sustainable
Rau ib puag ncig, cov tshuaj no tsis txaus ntshai tshaj rau tib neeg los ntawm kev sib cuag ncaj qha. Ammonium bifluoride muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ib puag ncig zoo - sai sai decomposition (hauv ob peb hnub), uas tshem tawm qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm nws cov tsub zuj zuj.
Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ntub dej, cov khoom no tawg mus rau hauvhydrofluoric acid thiab ammonia, uas yog tshuaj lom rau cov kab mob nyob.
