Kaolinite yog cov ntxhia los ntawm pawg aluminosilicates. Nws tsis yog tsuas yog zoo nkauj, tab sis kuj tseem ceeb heev. Niaj hnub no, cov ntxhia txuj ci tseem ceeb no tau siv dav hauv kev tsim kho, cov ntaub so ntswg thiab ntawv, kev lag luam zaub mov, nrog rau hauv chaw muag tshuaj, cosmetology thiab kho hniav. Koj yuav pom cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog daim ntawv thov, ntau yam thiab cov khoom ntawm kaolinite ntxhia hauv peb tsab xov xwm.
pob zeb ntawm "High Hill"
Ntawm no cov ntxhia mos, hauv ntiaj teb no muaj thoob plaws hauv peb lub ntiaj teb. Tab sis thawj zaug nws tau pom los ntawm cov neeg Suav nyob ze ntawm lub zos, nyob rau saum toj siab siab. Lub zos hu ua Kao-Ling, uas txhais tau tias "High Hill" hauv Suav. Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov no yog qhov uas lo lus "av nplaum" los ntawm. Thaum raws nraim cov ntxhia kaolinite tau pom los ntawm Suav tsis paub. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg European tau kawm txog nws qhov muaj nyob hauv ib puas xyoo ua ntej kawg.
Cov ntxhia kaolinite belongs rau chav kawm ntawm hydrous aluminium silicates. Nws cov qauv yog raws li nram no: Al4[Si4O10](OH) 8. NtawmCov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm kaolinite yog:
- Silicon dioxide - 47%.
- Alumina - 39%.
- Dej - 14%.
Nws yuav tsum paub qhov txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm "kaolinite" thiab "kaolin". Thawj yog pob zeb, thiab qhov thib ob yog pob zeb. Kaolinite yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov av nplaum feem ntau.
Lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov ntxhia
Kaolinite, raws li peb tau pom lawm, yog av nplaum ntxhia, uas nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tuab, finely dispersed geological masses. Peb teev nws cov khoom tseem ceeb, lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov yam ntxwv:
- Hardness: 1.5-2 ntsiab lus (Mohs scale).
- Density: 2.6-2.7g/cm3.
- Refractive index: 1.56.
- Shine: npub, ntiaj teb.
- Kink: conchoidal.
- Mineral xim: greyish, ntsuab, dawb, xim av, daj daj (nyias flakes tej zaum yuav muaj pearly sheen).
- kab xim: dawb.
- Cov pob zeb hauv av kaolinite crystallizes hauv triclinic syngony.
- Nws yog opaque nyob rau hauv ib daim, tab sis ib tug neeg daim hlau yog translucent.
- kub mus kov.
- Absorb noo noo zoo.
- Thaum rhuab mus rau 500 degrees, nws poob dej, thiab ntawm 1000-1200 degrees nws decomposes nrog tso cua sov.
- Dissolves nyob rau hauv sulfuric acid.
teb thiab tsim khoom
Kaolinites tshwm sim ob qho tib si nyob rau sab av loj thiab hauv thaj tsam ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv. Cov ntxhia yog tsim nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm thiaj li hu ua kaolinization, uas yog nrog los ntawm tshuaj weathering thiabHydrothermal hloov pauv ntawm feldspars thiab lwm yam silicates.
Cov ntxhia kaolinite yog cov khoom siv ntawm ntau cov av nplaum, marls thiab shale. Nws cov deposits loj tshaj plaws nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Tuam Tshoj. Kaolins zoo kuj tseem mined nyob rau hauv Russia (Urals), Ukraine (Zhytomyr, Kyiv thiab Ternopil cheeb tsam), Great Britain (Cornwall), lub teb chaws Yelemees (Meissen, Halle), Czech koom pheej (Sedlec), Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan thiab Bulgaria.
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias txheej txheem ntawm kev rho tawm kaolins los ntawm lub ntiaj teb pob zeb tsis yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kim. Lawv tsuas yog mined los ntawm txoj kev qhib (quarry). Yog li, piv txwv li, av nplaum av zoo li hauv Ukraine (Terebovlya nroog, Ternopil cheeb tsam):
Tab sis qhov kev pom no (duab hauv qab) twb tau mined thiab crushed kaolinite hauv Spain.
Keeb kwm ntawm kev siv cov ntxhia
Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, tsis muaj ntaub ntawv hais txog ntev npaum li cas Suav tau tshawb pom kaolinite. Tab sis lawv ua ntej. Tsawg kawg, qhov no yog pov thawj los ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Suav cov plooj (porcelain) thaum ub. Rov qab rau xyoo pua peb BC, Suav craftsmen tsim lawv tus kheej "Terracotta Army", uas muaj yim txhiab av nplaum mlom ntawm warriors thiab nees.
thev naus laus zis ntawm kev ua cov kaolinite rau hauv "dawb kub" tau ntev tau muab cais los ntawm cov tswv ntawm Celestial Empire. Nyob rau hauv Western Europe thiab Russia, porcelain tsuas yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th. Thawj cov chaw tsim khoom loj hlob hauv German Meissen thiab Fabkis Sevres. Nyob rau hauv 1744 nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg tau tsimLub Hoobkas Imperial Porcelain, tseem ua haujlwm hnub no.
Cov ntxhia kaolinite: daim ntawv thov hnub no
Nws yog qhov yooj yim los twv tias cov neeg siv khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov pob zeb no yog cov plooj (porcelain) thiab ceramics. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias kev tsim cov plooj (porcelain) zoo tshaj plaws yog cov txheej txheem nyuaj thiab teeb meem. Hmoov zoo, lub pob zeb nws tus kheej tsis yog ib qho yooj yim thiab yooj yim rau kuv. Porcelain yog tsim los ntawm refined kaolinite. Yav dhau los, nws raug tshem tawm los ntawm ntau yam impurities hauv centrifuges thiab hydrocyclones. Tom qab ntawd, cov khoom siv raw yog lub cev qhuav dej txhawm rau txo qhov hnyav thiab ua kom lub zog ntawm cov khoom kawg.
Dhau li ntawm qhov no, cov ntxhia kaolinite kuj tseem siv los tsim cov ntawv coated, kos duab glaze, tshuaj txhuam hniav. Raws li kaolin wool, muaj cov ntxaij lim dej, hluav taws xob insulating gaskets, thiab cov ntaub ntawv kub-insulating. Ntxiv rau, kaolins (dawb av nplaum) yog siv dav hauv cosmetology thiab tshuaj tsoos tshuaj. Yog li, kev noj cov kaolinite nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no yog qhov ruaj khov heev.
ntau yam ntawm cov ntxhia
Qhov tseeb, nyob rau hauv kaolinites, geologists txhais tau tias ib pawg loj ntawm cov ntxhia sib txawv. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog:
- Rhodalite.
- Terratolite.
- Kefekelit.
Rhodalite yog cov ntxhia nrog cov xim liab vim yog hlau impurities. Ua nyob rau hauv Northern Ireland. Terratolite yog sib xyaw ntawm quartz, mica, limonite thiab, qhov tseeb, kaolinite. Cov xim ntawm cov ntxhia yog xiav-violet. Keffekelite muaj impurities ntawm halloysite thiab lwm yam av nplaum minerals thiab yog txawv los ntawm ntsuab-daj hues. Nyob rau hauv Suav teb, kuj muaj cov deposits uas sib tov ntawm kaolinite nrog dickite, quartz thiab cinnabar yog mined. Cov pob zeb no muaj lub npe tshwj xeeb - "cov ntshav nqaij qaib".
Nws yuav pab tau kom nco ntsoov tias qee yam ntawm kaolinite zoo nkauj heev. Yog li ntawd, lawv tau nquag siv los kho cov rooj tog zaum thiab cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub.
Kho cov khoom ntawm kaolins
Av nplaum feem ntau hu ua "tus kws kho mob zoo", nrog rau "kev kho rau ib puas kab mob." Tom qab tag nrho, nws muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab kawm tseem ceeb rau tib neeg lub cev. Cov no yog magnesium, calcium, potassium, hlau, nitrogen, thiab lwm yam. Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias tag nrho cov kab thiab cov tshuaj hauv kaolins muaj nyob rau hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab qhov sib piv uas zoo rau tib neeg.
Qee cov av nplaum muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xws li radium. Tab sis raws li txoj cai, lawv feem pua ntawm cov yug me nyuam tsis tshaj qhov kev tso cai. Qib siab ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yog ib txwm muaj rau cov av nplaum uas tshwm sim hauv thaj chaw muaj kab mob.
Av nplaum hauv cosmetology thiab tshuaj tsoos tshuaj
Txhua tus kws tshuaj pleev ib ce paub txog kev kho mob ntawm cov av nplaum dawb. Cov yav tas ua raws li ib tug absorbent: ntxuav ntawm daim tawv nqaij, tshem tawm toxins thiab toxins los ntawm nws. Tom qab daim npog qhov ncauj av nplaum, daim tawv nqaij zoo li tshiab thiab noj qab haus huv, qhov txhab me me zoo thiab nti zoo. Kaolin muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov plaub hau, tiv thaiv lawvfragility.
Nyob rau hauv pej xeem tshuaj, av nplaum pab nrog mob caj pas thiab mob taub hau. Ua li no, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv ib tug nyias txheej kom mob me ntsis. Qee tus kws kho mob tau ntseeg tias kaolin tuaj yeem kho tus neeg mob los ntawm cov mob hnyav xws li mob caj dab thiab mob ntsws. Cov hmoov txhuam hniav kuj yog ua los ntawm cov av nplaum dawb. Nrog rau plab hnyuv, flatulence, cawv lom, av nplaum tau noj qhov ncauj (tau kawg, me me).
In xaus…
Kaolinite yog ib qho pheej yig, tab sis tib lub sijhawm muaj txiaj ntsig zoo kawg li ntxhia. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb thiab industries. Yog li, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov porcelain thiab ceramics, ntawv thiab lim, tshuaj thiab zaub mov additives. Cov cuab yeej kho mob ntawm cov ntxhia no tau siv dav hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab kho mob.
