Piv txwv ntawm isotopes hauv chemistry yog suav tias yog hydrogen. Lo lus no yog hais txog ntau yam ntawm ib qho tshuaj lom neeg uas muaj tib lub atomic (ordinal) tus lej, tab sis cov lej sib txawv. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev, muaj ntau yam tshuaj, thiab heev heev ntawm cov uas muaj isotopes uas txawv nyob rau hauv loj tus naj npawb.
cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb
Ib qho piv txwv ntawm hydrogen isotopes qhia tias nrog ntau tus lej ntawm neutrons, protium, deuterium, tritium muaj cov tshuaj sib txawv kiag li.
Feem ntau, ib qho isotope yog qhia los ntawm lub cim ntawm lub caij uas nws koom, ntxiv rau sab laug qhov ntsuas uas txiav txim siab tus lej loj. Nws tseem raug tso cai sau nws lub npe nrog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm ib qho hyphen ntawm tus lej loj. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem pom cov kev xaiv hauv qab no: radon-222, carbon-12.
Xav txog cov piv txwv ntawm isotopes hauv chemistry, peb nco ntsoov tias qee tus muaj lawv lub npe: tritium,deuterium, protium.
Txoj kev ntawm cov ntsiab lus
Lub sij hawm tau hais thawj zaug hauv ntau qhov ntau, vim nws tau siv los sib piv ob hom atoms. Nws siv nyob rau hauv cov lus hais tau los rau hauv kev xyaum. Tam sim no, piv txwv ntawm kev siv isotope yog ib qho kev siv los ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov koom haum tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb.
Discovery keeb kwm
Thaum txheeb xyuas cov piv txwv ntawm isotopes, nws yuav tsum nyob ntawm qee qhov tseeb keeb kwm. Thawj qhov pov thawj tias cov tshuaj uas muaj tib yam tshuaj lom neeg tus cwj pwm muaj cov khoom sib txawv ntawm lub cev tau tsim los ua ib feem ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob ntawm atoms ntawm cov ntsiab lus hnyav.
Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puas xyoo, nws tau pom tias cov khoom ntawm cov hluav taws xob tawg ntawm cov uranium atom yog ionium, thiab radiothorium yog tsim los ntawm thorium, uas muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg zoo sib xws, tab sis txawv ntawm cov atomic loj thiab Cov yam ntxwv ntawm radioactive decay.
Me ntsis tom qab nws pom tias cov khoom no muaj tib lub X-ray thiab kho qhov muag pom. Cov tshuaj zoo sib xws hauv cov khoom siv tshuaj, sib txawv ntawm qhov loj ntawm atoms thiab qee qhov kev ntsuas lub cev, pib hu ua isotopes (qhia hauv xyoo 1910 los ntawm Soddy).
Ib qho piv txwv ntawm isotopes tuaj yeem pom ntawm hydrogen atom. Muaj cov atomic loj, lawv txawv ntawm cov neutrons.
Los ntawm 2016, 3211 isotopes ntawm ntau yam tshuajcov ntsiab lus, thiab kwv yees li 13% ntawm lawv cov naj npawb tag nrho yog qhov ruaj khov lossis nyob ze ruaj khov, thiab 40 feem pua yog proton-ntau dhau, uas yog, lawv hloov mus rau neutrons (protons).
Nws yog qhov nthuav tias Asmeskas, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Tebchaws Askiv, Russia, Fabkis yog cov thawj coj hauv kev tshawb pom hauv cheeb tsam no. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm hydrogen isotopes yog suav nrog ua ib feem ntawm tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm hauv chemistry. Cov txiv neej txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: tus lej loj, neutrons, tus lej them nqi, tus cwj pwm protium, deuterium, tritium. Ua tsaug rau qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm radioactive txoj kev xav, nws muaj peev xwm piav qhia qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv thiab cov khoom ntawm isotopes, kom nkag siab txog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm lawv daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv ntau ceg ntawm chemistry.
