Parsing ib kab lus rau hauv cov lus hais yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev kawm lus Lavxias feem ntau. Nws yuav pab kom koj nkag siab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm txhua kab lus hauv koj cov lus, nkag siab txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov lus uas peb siv, siv lawv li cas thiab vim li cas txhua yam tau tsim los ntawm peb cov lus zoo thiab muaj zog Lavxias. Yog li, hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav txheeb xyuas seb yuav ua li cas cais kab lus los ntawm kev muaj pes tsawg leeg, tab sis ua ntej, cia peb tig mus rau txoj kev xav.
Qhov kev thov yog dab tsi
Txhawm rau ua kom peb cov lus sib raug zoo thiab muaj cov lus qhia, peb muab faib ua cov ntsiab lus. Yog tias peb "dav" tob, ces txhawm rau nthuav tawm cov ntaub ntawv, peb tsim cov suab uas tsim cov ntawv uas tsim cov lus, uas, dhau los, ua ke nrog lwm cov lus rau hauv kab lus thiab cov kab lus.
Yog cov lus lawv tus kheej muaj qee qhov tseeb, lub ntsiab lus ruaj khov, tom qab ntawd hauv kab lus lawv pib ua lwm yam, hloov qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm lawv lub ntsiab lus kom hloov mus rau cov ntaub ntawv xa los ntawm ib tus neeg. Ib kab lus ib txwm muaj qhov ua tiavlub ntsiab lus, uas tuaj yeem txhawb nqa los ntawm intonation yog tias koj hais lus, lossis cov cim cim yog tias koj sau. Cov txheej txheem nyuaj muaj ntau qhov sib txawv, cov ncauj lus no yuav tsum muaj nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv, uas txhais tau hais tias kev ua haujlwm tom tsev feem ntau dhau los ua kev tshuaj xyuas cov kab lus hauv Lavxias. Tam sim no peb yuav sim kawm yuav ua li cas sai, yooj yim thiab raug.
Nyob ntawm kev muab
Cia peb pib los ntawm kev txiav txim siab yam hom lus no hauv Lavxias, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd peb yuav mus rau cov khoom ntawm kab lus. Yog li, lawv ob hom tseem ceeb yog cov kab lus yooj yim thiab nyuaj. Cov yooj yim muaj tsawg kawg yog ib lub hauv paus grammatical thiab ua tiav lub ntsiab lus, thiab tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov complex yog tias lawv muaj ob los yog ntau tshaj qhov yooj yim, uas yog kev cob cog rua los ntawm conjunctions, cov cim cim thiab, ntawm chav kawm, lub ntsiab lus thiab intonation.
Tsis tas li, thaum cuam tshuam nrog ib qho nyuaj, tsis yog tsuas yog cais cov kab lus rau hauv cov lus hais xwb, tab sis kuj muaj cov duab sawv cev ntawm nws cov tswv yim tuaj yeem ua tiav. Qhov no yog ua tau vim hais tias cov kab lus nyuaj kuj muaj lawv tus kheej hom. Lawv tuaj yeem yog qhov sib xyaw ua ke, sib xyaw, thiab tsis sib koom ua ke. Hauv cov kab lus sib xyaw thiab tsis yog koom ua ke, cov kab lus yooj yim sib npaug hauv lub ntsiab lus, thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm ob hom no tsuas yog cov khoom sib txuas nrog kev pab los ntawm ib lub koom haum, thiab cov tsis yog koom haum - ua tsaug rau cov cim cim. Hauv cov kab lus nyuaj, ib feem nyob ntawm lwm qhov hauv lub ntsiab lus (ob qho tib si yog qhov sib npaug, thiab ib qho nyob ntawm lawv, lossis ob peb ntu nyob ntawm ib leeg thiabNyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv koom nrog ib qho, lub ntsiab), uas tseem txuas nrog kev pab ntawm cov koomhaum.
Sentence parts
Cia peb mus rau ntu ntawm ob kab lus yooj yim thiab nyuaj. Cov no tuaj yeem yog ob lo lus thiab kab lus, uas tau hais los ntawm kab ntawm ntau hom (tshwj tsis yog rau qhov kev pabcuam ntawm kev hais lus, vim lawv tsis teb cov lus nug). Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntu ntawm kab lus ua si lawv lub luag haujlwm, uas txiav txim siab seb lawv tau hais meej li cas, thiab lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yuav yog dab tsi.
qauv sau ntawv
Thaum tham txog yuav ua li cas cais ib kab lus los ntawm kev sau, thawj qhov koj yuav tsum nkag siab yog nws lub hauv paus grammatical yog dab tsi. Qhov no yog dab tsi muaj cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm qhov koj xav hais, thiab muaj cov ntsiab lus (hauv qab nrog ib kab) thiab ib qho piv txwv (underlined nrog ob kab).
Lub ntsiab lus teb lo lus nug "leej twg?" thiab dab tsi?" thiab feem ntau yog lub npe lossis npe (txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum, cov ntsiab lus kuj tseem yog ib qho lus qhia - ntawm no koj twb xav tau delve rau hauv lub ntsiab lus thiab nug cov lus nug uas yog).
Tus kws tshaj lij teb cov lus nug "Yuav ua li cas?" thiab tsawg zaus "dab tsi?", feem ntau yog qhia los ntawm kev qhia, qee zaum los ntawm cov lus luv luv thiab txawm tias lub npe. Tom qab txiav txim siab lub hauv paus grammatical, koj twb yog ib nrab ntawm kev nkag siab yuav ua li cas cais kab lus los ntawm kev muaj pes tsawg leeg, nws tseem yuav cuam tshuam nrog rau qhov seem.
Muab me me
Ntxiv rau cov lus sau ua lus, kab lus muaj lwm yam, ntu ntu uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev qhia meej, kev faib tawmthiab kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub ntsiab lus thiab cov lus. Muaj peb yam ntawm lwm yam ntawm kab lus:
- Ib lub ntsiab lus uas teb cov lus nug "dab tsi?", "qhov twg?", "leej twg?", tuaj yeem qhia tau ntau yam ntawm kev hais lus, tab sis feem ntau yog adjectives, pronouns thiab cov lej, hauv qab nrog kab wavy thaum parsing.
- Ib qho ntxiv uas teb tag nrho cov lus nug ntawm cov xwm txheej tsis ncaj ncees, qhia feem ntau los ntawm cov npe thiab cov lus, yog kos nrog kab dotted.
- Qhov xwm txheej, uas yog qhia los ntawm adverb lossis lub npe nrog preposition, teb cov lus nug ntawm adverb ("yuav ua li cas?", "qhov twg?", "qhov twg?", "thaum twg?", "vim li cas ?") thiab yog kab hauv qab los ntawm kab dotted nrog ib qho chaw.
Ib kab lus yooj yim parsing
Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem txav los ntawm kev xav mus rau kev xyaum. Tom ntej no, ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov kev pom zoo los ntawm nws cov khoom thiab cov lus piav qhia ntxaws txog nws hom yuav raug qhia.
Tshwj xeeb, hauv qhov piv txwv no, kev txiav txim siab lub hauv paus grammatical thiab cov tswv cuab me yog qhov yooj yim heev: koj tsuas yog xav nug cov lus nug. Tam sim no cia peb ua raws li cov lus sau hauv cov kab lus:
- kab lus yooj yim, vim tsuas muaj ib lub hauv paus ntsiab lus xwb (tus ntxhais khaws nws).
- Nkauj, raws li nws tsuas piav txog qhov tsis nug thiab tsis hu ua.
- Tsis yog exclamatory vim nws xaus nrog dot.
- Common, raws li muaj me me ntawm kab lus.
- Ob ntu, raws li hauvlub hauv paus muaj ob qho tib si ib qho kev kawm thiab ib tug predicate.
- Tsis nyuaj los ntawm kev tig los yog homogeneous cov ntsiab lus.
Yog tias koj nco qab cov txheej txheem zoo li no, ces kev txheeb cov kab lus yooj yim yuav tsis nthuav tawm qhov teeb meem, uas txhais tau tias koj tuaj yeem txav mus rau qib tom ntej.
Tshaj tawm kab lus nyuaj
Kev cais kab lus nyuaj, koj tsis tas yuav ntshai tias nws ntev, thiab nco ntsoov - nws tsuas yog ob peb kab lus yooj yim txuas ua ke.
Yog li, raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, thaum xub thawj cov lus piav qhia dav dav tau muab rau tag nrho cov kab lus (nws yog dua tshaj tawm thiab tsis yog exclamatory, tab sis tam sim no nws nyuaj, vim qhov thib ob nyob ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm thawj, thiab koj tuaj yeem nug lo lus nug "vim li cas?"), thiab tom qab ntawd txhua ob kab lus yooj yim raug txheeb xyuas nyias.
Thawj tsis tau hloov pauv txij li qhov piv txwv kawg, tab sis pom tias tam sim no yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab qhov thib ob yog cov lus hauv qab, thiab lawv tau koom nrog "rau" los qhia qhov laj thawj ntawm qhov kev txiav txim.
kab lus thib ob kuj yog ob feem, feem ntau, tab sis tam sim no nyuaj los ntawm cov lus hais "tawm hauv chav", uas teb cov lus nug "Koj ua dab tsi?", sib cais los ntawm commas thiab sau tag nrho los ntawm lub dotted kab nrog dot.
Schemes
Piav qhia seb yuav ua li cas cais cov lus pom los ntawm kev muaj pes tsawg leeg, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem hais txog cov duab ntawm cov duab sib thooj. Lawv qhia txog lub hauv paus grammatical hauv cov kab lus nyuaj thiab lawv muaj feem cuam tshuam li cas. Maincov khoom tau piav qhia nyob rau hauv square brackets, thiab cov nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig brackets, thaum lub union yog qhia rau kev nkag siab zoo ntawm lub ntsiab lus. Xav txog lub tswv yim ntawm kab lus nyuaj dhau los.
Thawj ntu hais txog tus ntxhais khaws cov pos hniav yog nyob rau hauv square brackets vim hais tias nws yog cov kab lus tseem ceeb (koj tuaj yeem pom cov kab lus hauv qab), qhov thib ob yog nyob rau hauv cov kab sib dhos vim nws hais tias yog vim li cas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv thawj ntu, uas txhais tau hais tias nws yog nyob ntawm nws. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv kab lus yooj yooj yim thib ob muaj ib qho kev sib koom ua ke - nws kuj yog nyob rau hauv cov brackets thiab sawv nruab nrab ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab cov predicate.
