Txawm tias muaj pes tsawg zaus hauv tsev kawm ntawv lawv piav qhia qhov yooj yim yav dhau los txawv ntawm yav dhau los zoo tag nrho, koj tuaj yeem nkag siab qhov no tsuas yog los ntawm kev hnov qhov subtleties ntawm koj tus kheej. Nrog rau kev paub dhau los thiab kev siv cov lus qhia kev xav, koj yuav sai sai no tuaj yeem txiav txim siab rau koj tus kheej seb puas yuav ntxig Past Simple lossis Past Perfect rau hauv kab lus, lossis tej zaum tag nrho ib zaug. Yog li, ua ntej koj yuav tsum nrog txhua lub sijhawm, yog li tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem mus rau ob qhov kev nthuav dav ntxiv.
English tenses
Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, kuj yuav tsum tau them nyiaj mloog mus rau lwm lub sij hawm kom paub meej txog qhov xwm txheej. Raws li nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab, lus Askiv muaj peb lub sij hawm: Tam sim no, yav dhau los thiab yav tom ntej, thiab yooj yim, Nruam, Perfect thiab Perfect Continuous yog cov thiaj li hu ua lub xeev ntawm cov tenses. Nws hloov tawm tias tsuas muaj kaum ob lub sijhawm xwb, tsis suav cov kev tsim kho yuav mus thiab Yav Tom Ntej-in-the-Past.
Tej suab nyuaj, tab sis nws tsis yog tiag. Tom qab tag nrho, hais lus Lavxias teb sab, peb, tsis tau pom nws tus kheej, tuaj yeem siv cov lus qhia hauv ntau qhov nyuaj, nws tsuas yog hais tias hauv lus Askiv peb ceev faj duakawm txoj cai no. Hauv qab no yog cov lus piav qhia luv luv ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub sijhawm no.
Past Perfect - cov lus qhia thiab kev ua hauv lub sijhawm no tshwm sim thiab xaus ua ntej txhua tus.
Past Perfect Continuous - nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, qhov xwm txheej tau pib nyob rau yav dhau los. Nws tau siv sijhawm ntev thiab xaus rau yav dhau los thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig.
Past Continuous - qhov kev tshwm sim tau kav rau qee lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb.
Past Simple - xwm txheej tshwm sim.
Present Perfect - qhov kev tshwm sim nyuam qhuav tas lawm. Thiab nws coj cov txiaj ntsig.
Present Perfect Continuous - qhov kev tshwm sim pib yav dhau los. Thiab nws nyuam qhuav tas lawm.
Present Continuous - qhov xwm txheej tshwm sim tam sim no.
Present Simple - xwm txheej tshwm sim.
Future Perfect - qhov kev tshwm sim yuav xaus. Thiab yuav muaj txiaj ntsig yav tom ntej.
Yav Tom Ntej Perfect Continuous - qhov xwm txheej yuav tshwm sim ntawm qee qhov taw tes thiab xaus, tawm hauv qhov tshwm sim.
Yav Tom Ntej - qhov kev tshwm sim yuav tshwm sim ntawm qee kis yav tom ntej.
Yav Tom Ntej Yooj Yim - kev tshwm sim yuav tshwm sim.
Past Simple or Past Perfect in English
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm ob lub sijhawm dhau los no? Yuav kom nkag siab, peb yuav tsum xa mus rau kev txhais ncaj qha ntawm lawv cov npe. Yog hais tias nrog rau yav dhau los Yooj yim, uas yog, yooj yim, txhua yam ntau dua los yog tsawg dua: qhov no yog qee qhov kev txiav txim uas tau tshwm sim yav dhau los, tsis muaj qhov qhia meej ntawm nws lub sijhawm thiab qhov tshwm sim, ces nrog Perfect nws yog qhov nyuaj me ntsis. Perfect txhais tau tias "zoo meej", uas yog, nws txhais tau hais tias ib qho kev txiav txim uas tau xaus rau yav dhau los thiab muajtshwm sim. Lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plaws yav dhau los tuaj yeem hu ua qhov qub tshaj plaws piv rau lwm tus, yog li yog tias koj pom tias muaj ob qhov lus qhia hauv ib kab lus, thiab ib qho ntawm lawv ua tiav cov lus qhia ua ntej tshaj lwm tus, ces xav tias dawb muab tso rau hauv Past Perfect daim ntawv.
Txoj cai thiab piv txwv
Ob lub sijhawm kuj txawv ntawm grammatically. Cov lus qhia siv nyob rau hauv Past Simple yuav tsum yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thib ob. Daim ntawv thib ob ntawm cov lus qhia yog ib lub ntsiab lus nyuaj, vim muaj ob hom lus qhia: tsis tu ncua thiab tsis xwm yeem. Thaum muab qhov tseeb rau hauv daim ntawv thib ob thiab thib peb, ib txwm tsuas yog ntxiv qhov xaus -ed rau lawv. Tab sis nrog cov tsis ncaj ncees lawm, txhua yam yog qhov nyuaj me ntsis. Lawv daim ntawv thib ob thiab thib peb yuav txawv ntawm cov lus qhia ib txwm muaj thiab los ntawm ib leeg. Tsis muaj txoj cai yuav pab tau ntawm no, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum nco ntsoov.
Nws nres haus luam yeeb. - Nws tau los ua tus hu nkauj.
Nws tau haus luam yeeb nees nkaum xyoo dhau los. - Nws tau los ua tus hu nkauj ntev dhau los.
Yuav kom siv cov lus qhia nyob rau yav dhau los Perfect kom raug, koj yuav tsum tsis tsuas yog muab tso rau hauv daim ntawv thib peb, tab sis kuj tseem ntxiv cov lus qhia ntxiv muaj, tsis hais poj niam txiv neej thiab tus lej.
Yuav ua li cas nkag siab seb nws puas tsim nyog los muab cov lus qhia hauv Past Simple lossis Past Perfect form? Qhov no yuav tsum tau nkag siab hauv cov ntsiab lus. Cov lus yooj yooj yim dhau los yuav luag txhua zaus siv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tsis muaj cov lus qhia:
Kuv ua khoom plig rau nws. Kuv tsis xav ua phem rau koj!
Thaum zoo tag nrho yog siv tib yamhauv ob qhov xwm txheej zoo sib xws:
Tom tuaj thaum Lisa twb noj mov lawm. Nws tau tawm ua ntej nws tsaug zog. - Ib qho kev nqis tes ua nyob rau yav dhau los zoo meej tense pom tseeb tshwm sim ntxov dua li yav dhau los yooj yim. Koj tuaj yeem soj ntsuam qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev txiav txim: Tom tau los txog, thiab cov zaub mov twb npaj lawm.
Nws pom ntau daim iav - ib tug tau tawg lub qhov rais. - Hauv qhov no, qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev txiav txim thiab nws cov txiaj ntsig tau pom meej dua.
Yog li, txhawm rau txiav txim siab seb qhov twg los ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws yav dhau los, koj yuav tsum paub meej lub ntsiab lus ntawm kab lus koj xav hais, thaum saib xyuas cov lus taw qhia lub sijhawm koj xav tau, xws li twb, tsuas, tom qab los yog los ntawm.
Present Perfect or Past Simple? Los yog Past Perfect?
Nws tsim nyog xav txog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev siv Present Perfect thiab Past Simple nyob rau hauv kab lus, thiab yuav ua li cas yav tas los zoo meej txawv ntawm yav dhau los zoo meej.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm tam sim no zoo meej: qhov kev txiav txim tau tshwm sim thiab muaj qhov tshwm sim. Tsis zoo li yav dhau los Perfect, tsawg heev tau dhau los txij li thaum qhov kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv Tam sim no Perfect:
Jerald tau ua nws lub tsev kaum xyoo dhau los. - Kuv tau ua tiav kuv daim ntawv tsis tau.
Tab sis txij li yav dhau los Perfect yog lub sijhawm ntxov tshaj plaws, thiab yav dhau los yooj yim thiab Present Perfect tshwm sim tom qab nws, yuav ua li cas paub qhov txawv ntawm lawv? Yooj yim heev, koj yuav tsum rov qab saib dua ntawm cov lus taw qhia, cov ntsiab lus thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim tam sim no zoo meej:
Mabel ntxuav tais diav nag hmo. - Mabel nyuam qhuav ntxuavtais diav.
Tsis tas li, thaum siv Present Perfect hauv kev hais lus, nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias qhov kev tsim tshwj xeeb tsim nyog:
Kuv yeej tsis tau nyob teb chaws Amelikas. Nws yeej tsis tau muaj lub hnub yug tiag tiag. - Ntawd yog, ib tus neeg tseem tsis tau ua qee yam.
Dua, qhov sib txawv feem ntau tsuas yog xav tau los ntawm kev nkag siab lub ntsiab lus ntawm koj kab lus.
