Chlorine tseem hu ua bleach lossis calcium hypochlorite. Txawm hais tias lub xeem lub npe tsis yog tag nrho, vim. Cov tshuaj no yog ib tug complex sib tov thiab nws tsis tsuas yog hypochlorite (Ca (ClO) 2), tab sis kuj oxychloride (CaClO), chloride (CaCl2), thiab calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) 2). Hlau (III) chloride kuj tseem tuaj yeem muaj qhov tsis huv, uas ua rau muaj xim daj. Raws li ib txwm muaj, qhov sib xyaw no muaj cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, muaj ntxhiab tsw ntawm chlorine thiab, feem ntau, xim dawb. Tsuas yog calcium hypochloride dissolves hauv dej, thaum cov tshuaj chlorine raug tso tawm rau hauv qhov chaw, thiab cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ua kom tuab tuab - kev ncua.
Thaum raug tshav ntuj ncaj qha, tshuaj dawb tso tawm oxygen, thiab thaum tshav kub kub, nws decomposes nrog kev tso cua sov, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tawg. Hauv qhov no, cov tshuaj no yuav tsum tau muab cia rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj, txias (unheated) thiab qhov chaw cua. Thaum ua hauj lwm nrog bleaching txiv qaub, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau siv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, cov kab mob ua pa, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov lag luam raunws cov khoom tsim thiab kev thauj mus los.
Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm chemistry, cov tshuaj bleach, uas nws cov qauv sau CaCl (OCl), hais txog cov ntsev sib xyaw (ob npaug), piv txwv li. muaj ob anions.
Tsis tas li, cov khoom sib xyaw no yog cov tshuaj muaj zog oxidizing muaj peev xwm hloov MnO (manganese (II) oxide) → MnO2 (manganese (IV) oxide) hauv cov tshuaj alkaline; thaum sib cuam tshuam nrog cov organic tshuaj, ua rau lawv ignition. Thaum cuam tshuam nrog sulfuric lossis hydrochloric acids, chlorine raug tso tawm: Ca (ClO) Cl + H2SO4 → Cl2 + CaSO4 + H2O.
Cov tshuaj no tau txais los ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj chlorination ntawm calcium hydroxide. Nrog rau cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis no, cov tshuaj dawb ntawm peb qib tau txais - 26, 32 thiab 35% ntawm cov tshuaj chlorine (cov tshuaj chlorine ntshiab tso tawm thaum HCl lossis H2SO4 acids ua rau ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw). Ib qho tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuaj no yog tias nws poob cov tshuaj chlorine thaum lub sijhawm khaws cia, los ntawm 5-10% hauv ib xyoos. Lawv sim tawm tsam qhov no los ntawm kev tso tawm cov khoom ntawm kev ruaj ntseg los ntawm kev dhau cov tshuaj chlorine hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov pa roj los ntawm kev ncua ntawm Ca (OH) 2. Active chlorine nyob rau hauv lub compound tau nyob rau hauv no txoj kev yog 45-70%. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuaj no yog tias nws ua rau hlau corrosion thiab corrodes paj rwb fabrics. Yog li ntawd, lawv khaws cia rau hauv cov thawv ntoo, thawv yas lossis hnab yas thiab hnab.
Chloric txiv qaub nthuav tawm cov kab mob bactericidal thiab sporicidal, uas yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov muaj cov tshuaj hypochlorous acid thiab oxygen hauv cov tshuaj. VimYog li ntawd, nws yog nquag siv nyob rau hauv kev kho cov dej khib nyiab los ntawm ntau yam dej phwj tuaj thiab los ntawm cov tsev kho mob raws li ib tug tshuaj tua kab mob (surfaces, ib qho chaw kho mob). Kuj tseem siv los ua tshuaj bleach hauv kev tsim cov textiles, pulp thiab ntawv.
Yog li, tshuaj dawb yog cov sib tov sib xyaw, uas yog cov tshuaj lom neeg ua haujlwm zoo thiab nthuav tawm cov khoom ntawm cov neeg muaj zog oxidizing. Nyob rau hauv aqueous daws, nws hydrolyzes, tsim hypochlorous acid (HC1O). Thaum qhov kub thiab txias (cua sov) thiab nyob rau hauv lub hnub ci, nws decomposes, tso oxygen thiab chlorine.
