Covalent non-polar bond yog hais txog cov tshuaj lom neeg yooj yim. Nws yog tsim los ntawm kev sib koom electron khub. Muaj 2 hom kev sib koom ua ke uas sib txawv hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim. Xav txog nws txoj kev tsim thiab nrhiav kom paub ntau ntxiv tias qhov kev sib cog lus tsis yog polar yog dab tsi. Nws yog feem ntau tsim nyob rau hauv cov khoom yooj yim - cov hlau tsis yog hlau, txawm li cas los xij, nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov tebchaw tsim los ntawm cov atoms sib txawv, muab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm electronegativity ntawm elementary hais sib npaug. Piv txwv li, tshuaj PH3, EO (P)=EO (H)=2, 2.
Cia peb xav seb yuav ua li cas daim ntawv cog lus tsis yog-polar tau tsim. Lub hydrogen atom tsuas muaj 1 electron xwb, yog li nws lub plhaub electron tsis tiav, nws tsis muaj 1 ntxiv. Thaum sib cuam tshuam, hydrogen atoms pib mus rau ib leeg vim muaj zog ntawm kev nyiam ntawm nuclei thiab electrons, thaum ib nrab overlapping electron huab. Nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm no, ib tug doublet yog tsim, uas belongs rau ob theem pib hais ib zaug. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas cov huab cua electron sib tshooj, muaj kev nce ntxivelectron ceev, uas attracts lub nuclei ntawm atoms rau nws tus kheej, yog li xyuas kom meej lawv muaj zog kev twb kev txuas rau hauv ib tug molecule. Daim ntawv cog lus uas tsis yog-polar yog schematically sau raws li hauv qab no:
N + N - N : N or N - N.
Ntawm no, ib qho hluav taws xob tsis sib xws ntawm qib txheej sab nrauv yog qhia los ntawm ib qho chaw, thiab ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm ob lub dots - : los yog ib tug dash.
Los ntawm saum toj no nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias thaj tsam ntawm cov huab cua sib tshooj yog nyob sib luag nrog rau ob lub atoms. Ib yam li ntawd, daim ntawv cog lus uas tsis yog-polar covalent yuav raug tsim thaum cov molecules ntawm cov khoom yooj yim tshwm sim uas muaj cov electrons ntau dua.
Vim tias daim ntawv cog lus no yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau feem ntau cov hlau tsis yog hlau, nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau tus qauv cuam tshuam nrog lawv lub cev. Cov khoom nrog covalent tsis-polar koom haum tuaj yeem ua tau zoo (silicon, sulfur), gaseous (hydrogen, oxygen) thiab kua (tsuas yog bromine). Saib ze ntawm molecular ma
sss ntawm gaseous thiab kua tsis yog-hlau, nws yog qhov tseeb tias nrog kev nce hauv Mr, cov ntsiab lus melting thiab boiling feem ntau nce. Qhov no tsis tshwm sim nrog cov khoom tsis yog hlau. Qhov tseeb yog tias cov khoom siv yooj yim no muaj cov qauv atomic-crystalline, lub zog uas tau muab los ntawm covalent non-polar bond. Yog li, qhov loj dua tus lej ntawm daim ntawv cog lus, qhov nyuaj ntawm kev sib txuas, piv txwv li, pob zeb diamond thiab graphite.
Txoj kev sib koom tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheemlub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob, vim nws muaj zog thiab ruaj khov dua li hydrogen thiab ion. Txhawm rau rhuav tshem cov ntawv cog lus zoo li no, tsiaj lossis cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum siv lub zog loj, yog li cov enzymes koom nrog hauv kev puas tsuaj.
Covalent non-polar daim ntawv cog lus yog ib daim ntawv cog lus tsim los ntawm cov atoms zoo tib yam lossis cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem nyuaj uas muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm electronegativity. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov atoms sib npaug sib koom ua ke ib khub electron (ob npaug).
