lus Lavxias yog qhov nyuaj rau kawm. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau hloov kho lub cim xeeb tas li, nco ntsoov cov ntaub ntawv kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv, txhawm rau tswj hwm qib kev paub lus. Txawm hais tias nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv koj tau kawm ib tsib, kev rov ua dua ntawm cov cai ntawm koj hom lus yog qhov tsim nyog. Thiab cov neeg uas Lavxias yog ib hom lus txawv teb chaws yuav tsum tau saib xyuas zoo rau cov ncauj lus nyuaj, xws li cov ncauj lus ntawm kev sau tus kheej cov lus xaus thiab cov lus xaus.
Tab sis ua ntej koj yuav tsum nkag siab cov ntsiab lus lawv tus kheej.
kev qhia yog dab tsi?
Verbs ua raws li ib feem ntawm kev hais lus. Cov lus qhia yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov lus nug xws li: "Yuav ua li cas?", "Yuav ua li cas?". Raws li txoj cai, Lavxias teb sab verbs ua raws li ib tug predicate nyob rau hauv kab lus thiab qhia qhov kev txiav txim los yog lub xeev ntawm ib yam khoom los yog creature.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov lus qhia tuaj yeem hloov pauv thiab hloov pauv, nrog rau kev xav thiab tsis rov qab.
Vajtswv conjugations thiab cov caisau ntawv. Lus Russian: personal verb endings
Vim lus xaus ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv peb hom lus. Tab sis ua ntej koj yuav tsum paub seb lawv ua haujlwm li cas. Cov lus xaus ntawm tus kheej pab txiav txim qhov sib txuas ntawm ib qho lus qhia tshwj xeeb.
Yog li, kev sib txuas ntawm cov lus qhia ntawm cov lus Lavxias yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm tus lej thiab tus neeg. Tsuas muaj ob qhov sib txuas.
Verbs ntawm thawj conjugation muaj cov nram qab no xaus: -u(-u), -et(-et), -eat(-eat), -ete(-ete), -eat(-eat).
Qhov thib ob conjugation yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov xaus hauv qab no: -u(-u), -ish, -it, -im, -ite, -at(-yat).
Kev paub txog kev sib txuas ntawm cov lus qhia yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev sau cov ntawv "e" thiab "i" hauv cov lus xaus.
Nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias muaj kev zam rau cov ncauj lus no uas koj yuav tsum paub. Yog li, mus rau qhov thib ob conjugation ntawm verbs nrog unstressed tus kheej xaus:
- verbs uas xaus rau hauv -it. Qhov tshwj xeeb yog: shaving, nteg, tsim;
- xya verbs xaus hauv -et: depend, offend, endure, twirl, saib, saib, ntxub;
- qhov no suav nrog plaub qhov lus uas xaus rau hauv -at: tuav, tsav, ua pa, hnov.
Verbs ntawm thawj conjugation suav nrog lwm cov lus (verbs) uas xaus rau -at, -yt, -et, -yat, -ut, -ot.
Tam sim no lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau txiav txim siab seb qhov kev sib txuas ntawm cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb yog los ntawm thiab lub suab twg yuav tsum tau sau rau hauv lo lus. Yuav kom paub, koj xav tautxiav txim siab qhov twg qhov kev ntxhov siab poob rau hauv ib lo lus. Qhov no yog qhov yooj yim heev los ua, vim tias yog tias qhov kev ntxhov siab nyob ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lo lus, ces, raws li txoj cai, tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg. Vim hais tias qhov xaus yog kev ntxhov siab, ces qhov kev sib txuas tau yooj yim txiav txim siab los ntawm tus kheej qhov kawg ntawm cov lus qhia. Tab sis yog hais tias qhov tseem ceeb tsis yog nyob rau qhov kawg ntawm ib tug meej verb, ces koj yuav tsum tau muab cov lus qhia ncaj qha nyob rau hauv lub indefinite daim ntawv, thiab mam li saib cov nqe lus twg los ua ntej -t.
Lub cim nco txog yog dab tsi?
Cov kev koom tes feem ntau hu ua ib daim ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov lus qhia, ua raws li lub cim ntawm kev kawm. Thiab cov neeg koom nrog teb cov lus nug tib yam li cov npe. Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum ib tus tuaj yeem tuaj yeem hla qhov kev lees paub tias qhov kev koom tes tsis ua raws li ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov lus qhia, tab sis yog ncaj qha ib feem ntawm kev hais lus. Tab sis nws tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub cov cai rau kev sau cov neeg koom nrog thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv. Cov koom nrog yog ob hom - zoo meej thiab tsis zoo, thiab tseem siv tau rau lub sijhawm tam sim no thiab yav dhau los. Feem ntau nyob rau hauv kab lus lawv ua raws li ib tug txhais, nyob rau hauv ntau tsawg zaus lawv yuav tshwm sim raws li ib tug predicate.
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev koom tes thiab cov lus qhia hauv Lavxias tau txais kev saib xyuas ntau, vim tias kev txawj sau tus kheej qhov xaus ntawm cov lus qhia thiab cov lus xaus yog qhov lees paub ntawm kev paub lus ntawm qib siab.
Pobular participle wrongs
Lub ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb tsis txaus ntseeg rau cov neeg txawv tebchaws hauv Lavxiascov koom nrog tshwm sim hauv cov lus, vim lawv tsis muaj nyob hauv txhua hom lus. Yog vim li cas cov neeg kawm lus Lavxias feem ntau tsis meej pem txog cov ncauj lus no. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua yuam kev yog kev to taub yuam kev ntawm tus qauv thiab lub hauv paus ntawm lub cim nco txog.
Qhov feem ntau yuam kev hauv cov neeg koom nrog yog qhia hauv kev siv tsis raug ntawm daim ntawv, nws tsim tsis raug. Nws kuj yog ib qho yuam kev los hloov cov lus qhia nrog kev koom tes.
Pab thiab lawv cov lus xaus
Kev sau ntawm tus kheej qhov xaus ntawm cov lus qhia thiab cov lus xaus yog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm cov ncauj lus nyuaj tshaj plaws hauv Lavxias. Vim hais tias yuam kev nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm cov cai no heev.
Raws li cov neeg koom, lawv muaj xws li: nam (zoo meej thiab tsis zoo), yav dhau los thiab tam sim no tense, nquag thiab passive lub suab thiab rov tshwm sim.
Yog li, -usch, -yusch yog cov lus xaus uas qhia txog thawj qhov sib txuas ntawm cov lus qhia uas lawv tau tsim.
Thiab cov lus xaus -ash, -ash qhia tias cov lus qhia los ntawm cov lus no tau tsim los rau qhov thib ob conjugation.
Kev Koom Tes Ua Ntej
Cov neeg koom siv feem ntau siv hauv lus Lavxias thiab sau ntawv. Tom qab tag nrho, lawv ua ib kab lus ntau softer thiab yooj yim nyob rau hauv lub suab, muab nws ib tug ntau artistic saib, uas yuav pab kom hais lus ntws thiab zoo nkauj.
Lub suab nquag qhia txog qhov kos npe ntawm qee yam animate lossis inanimate yam khoom uas nws tus kheej ua haujlwm. Piv txwv li: "tus ntxhais uas hlub nws niam".
Tab sis txhawm rau tsim cov kab lus kom raug siv cov neeg koom nrog, koj yuav tsum paub cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov neeg koom nrog tam sim no. Yog li, cov lus kawg ntawm lub sijhawm tam sim no suav nrog: -usch, -yushch, -ashch, -yashch. Piv txwv li: hu nkauj, paj, sawv, hlub.
Tseem muaj kev siv lub suab nrov hauv lub sijhawm dhau los. Cov kev koom tes zoo li no yog cov cim los ntawm cov lus hauv qab no: -vsh, -sh. Piv txwv li: "ib tug tub nyeem nws txiv phau ntawv xov xwm", lossis "ib leej txiv coj nws tus ntxhais mus rau tom hav zoov".
Kev mob siab
Kev mob siab rau kev koom nrog muaj cov cim ntawm qee yam animate lossis inanimate yam khoom, uas yog coj mus rau qhov ncaj qha.
Cov koom nrog tam sim no yog tsim los ntawm cov lus txuas ntxiv: -em, -om (rau 1st conjugation) thiab -im (rau qhov thib ob conjugation). Piv txwv li: hlub, khaws cia, nyeem, hwm, thiab lwm yam.
Raws li txoj cai ntawm kev sau ntawv ntawm cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm dhau los, lawv raug tsim los siv cov lus tseem ceeb xws li: -n(n) - los ntawm cov lus xaus hauv -at, -yat, -et; -en (n) - yog tsim los ntawm cov lus nrog qia -nws; -t - los ntawm verbs nrog qia xaus -nut, -ot, -eret.
Muaj qee qhov kev zam. Piv txwv li, verbs xws li: kua zaub ntsuab, sew, ntaus, sau, thiab lwm yam - tsis muaj passive koom nyob rau hauv tam sim no tense.
Nyob rau hauv lub dhau los tense ntawm xws verbs: hlub, nrhiav, coj - passive participles,feem ntau tsis tsim.
Suffixes luv luv participles
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias kev koom nrog hauv Lavxias muaj ob hom. Qhov no yog tag nrho daim ntawv ntawm kev koom tes thiab luv luv. Raws li rau daim ntawv luv luv, xws li cov neeg tuaj koom tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub suab passive. Piv txwv, adored yog adored.
Tam sim no, kev koom tes luv luv yuav luag tsis siv. Raws li txoj cai, lawv tau hloov los ntawm kev tsim kho yooj yim dua nrog cov lus qhia. Muaj kev xav tias kev koom tes luv luv hauv lub sijhawm tam sim no tsis muaj nyob hauv Lavxias niaj hnub no. Lawv txaus siab hloov los ntawm gerunds.
Cov koom nrog luv muaj tib lub luag haujlwm raws li cov lus qhia. Lawv tsis hloov hlo li. Cov koom nrog luv luv hloov los ntawm tus lej, thiab yog tias qhov kev koom tes zoo li no nyob hauv ntau qhov ntau, ces lawv hloov los ntawm poj niam txiv neej.
Raws li cov lus kawg ntawm cov koom nrog ntawm daim ntawv luv luv, lawv suav nrog: -n thiab -en. Piv txwv li, hlawv - hlawv, siv - thov, thiab lwm yam.
Hauv kev xaus, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias kev siv cov neeg koom nrog hauv kev hais lus thiab sau ntawv qhia tau hais tias muaj kev paub zoo ntawm cov lus Lavxias. Thiab nrog kev pab los ntawm lawv koj tuaj yeem kho koj cov lus. Yog li ntawd, kev sau ntawv ntawm tus kheej qhov xaus ntawm cov lus qhia thiab cov lus xaus yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev kawm hauv Lavxias. Vim hais tias verbs thiab participles ua lub luag haujlwm loj thiab siv ntau zaus.
