Cov lus qhia kom muaj yog ib qho ntawm cov lus qhia feem ntau hauv lus Askiv. Nws tuaj yeem ua raws li kev pabcuam, semantic lossis modal. Tsis tas li ntawd, nrog nws cov kev pab, ntau qhov kev tsim kho thiab cov lus qhia ruaj khov tau tsim.
Kev kawm thiab siv
Nyob rau hauv qhov yooj yim tam sim no tense, uas yog, nyob rau hauv Present Simple (los yog Indefinite), muaj ob hom ntawm verb: muaj, muaj. Kev siv muaj yog txwv rau tus neeg thib peb cov lus xwb. Hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej, lo lus tseem tsis hloov pauv. Nyob rau yav dhau los yooj yim, cov lus qhia siv daim ntawv muaj.
Yog xav paub ntxiv, lub rooj yuav pab koj nkag siab txog txoj kev kawm.
| Past | Present | Yav Tom Ntej | |
| Kuv, koj, peb, lawv | had | muaj | |
| nws, nws, nws | muaj |
Yuav tsum muaj raws li kev qhia ua ntu zus
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus no ua ib qho lus qhia yog "kom muaj, muaj". Nws feem ntau txhais ua lus Lavxias los ntawm kev hloov "Kuv muaj", "nws muaj", thiab lwm yam.
1. Affirmative kab lus. Lo lus txiav txim hauv kab lus lees paubtus qauv: kev kawm, kwv yees, thiab tom qab ntawd txhais, yam khoom lossis xwm txheej.
- Nws muaj phau ntawv nyeem tau zoo heev. - Nws muaj phau ntawv zoo siab heev.
- Nws muaj lub tsev qiv ntawv loj. - Nws muaj lub tsev qiv ntawv loj.
- Nws muaj daim duab zoo nkauj - tseem muaj sia. - Nws muaj ib daim duab zoo nkauj - tseem muaj sia.
- Nws muaj ib lub tsev zoo nrog qhov cub. - Nws muaj lub tsev zoo nrog lub qhov cub.
2. Kev nug. Cov lus nug tuaj yeem tsim tau ob qho tib si nrog kev pab ntawm cov lus qhia ua haujlwm ua yav dhau los, thiab tsis muaj nws. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas cov kab lus raug tsim tsis muaj ib lo lus auxiliary, cov lus qhia semantic tau muab tso rau pem hauv ntej. Yog hais tias muaj ib qho kev pabcuam, cov lus nug pib nrog nws.
- Nws puas muaj xov paj rau knitting? - Nws puas muaj xov paj los xaws?
- Nws puas muaj hnav ris tsho mauve? - Nws puas hnav tiab mauv?
- Nws puas muaj easel thiab roj xim? - Nws puas muaj roj pleev xim thiab lub easel?
Qhov sib txawv nrog cov lus qhia ua yog ntau dua.
3. Negation yog tsim los ntawm kev siv cov particle tsis, thiab nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm uncountable nouns los yog ntau plural, lub pronoun tej kuj tshwm.
- Kuv tsis muaj phau ntawv scetch (nyeem ntawv scetchbooks). - Kuv tsis muaj sketchbook(s) rau sketch.
- Peb tsis xav mus qhov ntawd. - Peb tsis xav mus qhov ntawd.
Tsis tas li, kev tsis pom zoo tuaj yeem tsim siv cov lus qhia ua haujlwm ua ke ua ke nrog cov khoom tsis yog. Uas yog, tsis txhob (rau pronouns kuv,koj, peb, lawv) thiab tsis yog rau tus thib peb (nws, nws, nws). Hauv cov ntawv luv luv, cov lus qhia nrog cov khoom siv hauv qab no: tsis txhob thiab tsis muaj nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm tam sim no thiab tsis ua yav dhau los.
Kuv tsis muaj lus nug. - Kuv tsis muaj lus nug
Lwm txoj kev tsim kab lus tsis zoo yog tsis muaj.
- Nws tsis muaj sketchbook. - Nws tsis muaj phau ntawv kos duab.
- Nws tsis xav ua luam dej. - Nws tsis xav ua luam dej.
Txoj kev siv "muaj"
No yog ib lo lus hais, ib qho analogue ntawm lo lus kom muaj raws li ib tug semantic verb. Ntawd yog, cov ntsiab lus ntawm "muaj" thiab "muaj" tuaj yeem xa tawm los ntawm kev tsim kho tau txais lossis tau txais. Qhov no yog tib yam li muaj, muaj. Kev siv qhov kev hloov pauv no muaj qee qhov tshwj xeeb:
- Tau Txais: Daim ntawv no tsuas yog siv rau lub sijhawm tam sim no.
- Qhov kev hloov pauv no tsuas yog siv thaum nws los txog rau ib zaug xwb. Rau ntau qhov xwm txheej, tsis tu ncua thiab rov tshwm sim, siv cov lus qhia tseem ceeb yam tsis muaj "tau".
- Cov ntawv tsis zoo thiab cov lus nug kuj txawv.
- Raws cov kab lus tau txais, nws siv zoo ib yam li muaj: ua ke nrog cov lus nws, nws, nws.
Cov yam ntxwv sib piv tau nthuav tawm hauv lub rooj.
| lees paub | negative | nug | ||||
| Kuv, koj, peb, lawv | muaj tau | muaj | tsis tau | Kuv puas muaj? | Kuv puas muaj? | |
| nws, nws, nws | muaj | muaj | tsis tau | Nws puas muaj? | Nws puas muaj? | |
Nws tsis tau txais cov ntawv kos duab. - Nws tsis muaj sketchbooks.
Yuav ua li cas pab qhia
Cov Pab Pawg Zoo Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij ua raws li cov lus qhia pabcuam hauv txhua lub sijhawm.
Perfect tenses qhia qhov tshwm sim, tsis yog qhov tseeb ntawm qhov kev txiav txim.
- Nws tau qhib qhov rais. - Nws qhib qhov rais.
- Nws tsis tau kaw qhov rais. - Nws tsis kaw qhov rais.
- Puas tau qhib qhov rais? - Lawv puas qhib qhov rais?
Lub Sijhawm Txuas Ntxiv Zoo meej txhais tau tias yog txheej txheem uas kav mus txog rau lub sijhawm lossis dhau lub sijhawm teev tseg.
Affirmative kab lus nyob rau hauv tam sim no tense implies tau + ua (smth).
- Nws tau tos lawv ib teev. - Nws tau tos lawv ib teev.
- Nws tau ntaus piano txij thaum 6 teev sawv ntxov. - Nws tau ntaus piano txij thaum 6 teev sawv ntxov.
- Nws tau qhia lus Askiv ntev npaum li cas? - Nws tau qhia lus Askiv ntev npaum li cas?
Yuav tsum ua ib qho kev qhia ua qauv
No modal verb is very common in English. Kev siv yuav tsum muaj qee yam peculiarities.
Cov kev tsim kho yog tsim raws li hauv qab no: modal verb +infinitive + particle rau.
Tsis zoo li cov lus qhia yuav tsum, uas qhia txog kev lav phib xaub vim muaj kev txhawb siab sab hauv los ua, kev tsim kho nrog yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm qhov tsim nyog vim qee qhov xwm txheej sab nraud. Nws feem ntau txhais ua lus Lavxias hauv cov lus hauv qab no: yuav tsum, yuav tsum, yuam, thiab lwm yam.
- Nws yuav tsum ua haujlwm ntau. - Nws yuav tsum ua haujlwm hnyav.
- Nws yuav tsum sawv ntawm 5 teev. - Nws yuav tsum sawv ntawm 5.
- Nws yuav tau kawm plaub yam lus. - Nws yuav tau kawm 4 yam lus.
Qhov kev qhia ua qauv no kuj tau siv dav hauv lub suab passive. Nws txhais ua lus Lavxias li "yuav tsum yog".
- Phau ntawv yuav tsum xa tuaj hnub no. - Phau ntawv yuav tsum xa hnub no.
- toj roob hauv pes yuav tsum tau pleev xim rau tag kis. - Cov toj roob hauv pes yuav tsum tau pleev xim rau tag kis.
Cov ntawv nug thiab tsis zoo yog tsim los ua.
- Koj puas tau ua homework? - Koj puas yuav tsum ua koj cov homework?
- Peb tsis tas yuav sau phau ntawv no. - Peb yuav tsum tsis txhob sau phau ntawv no.
Nyob rau hauv kev tsis lees paub, muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov lus qhia modal yuav tsum thiab yuav tsum:
- "Tsis tas yuav" txhais tau tias tsis tsim nyog ua, tsis tsim nyog.
- "Yuav tsum tsis txhob" qhia txog kev txwv tsis pub muaj.
- Koj tsis tas yuav nyeem tsab ntawv no. - Koj tsis tas yuav nyeem tsab ntawv no.
- Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob nyeem tsab ntawv no. - Kojtxwv tsis pub nyeem tsab ntawv no.
Kev tsim kho nrog cov lus qhia kom muaj
Muaj ntau qhov kev tsim kho uas cov lus qhia tuaj yeem poob nws lub ntsiab lus qub. Cov kev hloov pauv no tau txhais los ntawm ib lub tswv yim.
1. Yuav kom muaj kev tsim ua ke nrog lub npe thiab kev koom nrog yav dhau los. Qhov kev hloov pauv no txhais tau hais tias qhov kev txiav txim tsis yog los ntawm tus neeg nug, tab sis los ntawm lwm tus rau nws lossis hloov nws.
- Nws muab nws cov plaub hau ua rau tus kws txiav plaub hau ntawd. - Nws tau txais nws cov plaub hau tiav ntawm lub khw txiav plaub hau.
- Nws yuav muaj nws daim duab pleev xim rau yav tom ntej. - Nws portrait yuav pleev xim rau sai sai no.
- Nws muaj nws lub suab piano zoo nkauj hnub ua ntej nag hmo. - Hnub ua ntej nag hmo lawv tig lub piano rau nws.
Cov lus nug thiab tsis zoo ntawm cov kab lus no yog tsim los siv cov lus pab ua kom ua.
- Koj puas muaj koj lub violin attuned? - Koj lub violin puas tau kho?
- Kuv tsis muaj kuv lub suab seev attuned. - Kuv lub suab seev tsis tau tu siab.
2. Kev tsim kho ntawm cov lus qhia ua ke nrog lub npe thiab ib qho infinitive. Nrog rau qhov kev tsim kho no, koj tuaj yeem qhia lub hom phiaj ua ib yam dab tsi.
- Nws muaj ib yam dab tsi ua. - Nws xav ua ib yam dab tsi.
- Nws muaj ib zaj dab neeg nthuav qhia rau koj. - Nws xav qhia koj ib zaj dab neeg txaus ntshai.
Lo lus nug thiab kev tsis lees paub yog tsim los yam tsis muaj kev pab cuam los ua.
- Nws muaj dab tsi qhia rau peb? - Nws puas xav tau peb ib yam dab tsiqhia?
- Nws tsis muaj (tsis muaj) dab tsi los qhia. - Nws tsis muaj dab tsi hais.
Cov kab lus ruaj khov nrog cov lus qhia
Cov kab lus ruaj khov yog cov kab lus uas pom tau tias yog ib qho. Cov kev tsim kho zoo li no tsis yog txhais lus, tab sis qhia ib lub ntsiab lus. Cov hauv qab no yog ob peb lub ntsiab lus uas muaj ntau cov lus ruaj khov nrog cov lus qhia muaj, muaj. Kev siv cov lem no yog lus Askiv.
Khoom noj khoom haus thiab dej haus
| muaj | ib bite | khoom noj txom ncauj |
| puag mov | noj tshais | |
| dinner | noj su | |
| noj hmo | noj hmo | |
| lunch | noj su | |
| coffee | haus kasfes | |
| tea | drink tea | |
| dej haus | tau ib yam dej haus | |
| a noj | eat |
Kev sib txuas lus thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm tib neeg
| muaj | a tham | talk |
| ib chat | to chat | |
| ib lo lus (nrog qee tus) | tham nrog ib tus neeg | |
| kev sib tham | talk | |
| kev sib cav | ||
| ib ntsiag to | tsis txhob ua suab nrov, nyob ntsiag to | |
| kev sib raug zoo | ||
| sympathy | sympathize |
kev ua si txhua hnub
| muaj | da dej | da dej |
| ib da dej | da dej | |
| pab | wash up | |
| a shaving | shave |
| muaj | ib so | rest |
| a tsaug zog | poob | |
| ib hnub so | ||
| ib hnub phem | bad day (Nws muaj ib hnub phem. - Nws muaj ib hnub phem) | |
| ib hnub so | ||
| a ua luam dej | swim | |
| a taug kev | taug kev, taug kev | |
| ib caij | caij (nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus: caij nees, caij tsheb kauj vab, maus taus) | |
| a dance | ||
| ib game |
Kev siv cov lus qhia muaj ntau yam. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm ob peb cov lus qhia uas tuaj yeem ua raws li muaj nuj nqis (uas yog, semantic), pab lossis modal. Tsis tas li ntawd, ua ke nrog qee lub npe, nws tsim cov kab lus ruaj khov. Yuav kom paub lub ntsiab lus zoo, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev xyaum siv cov lus qhia muaj, muaj. Kev siv cov lus no yogthiab nkag siab, tab sis yuav tsum tau coj mus rau automatism kom thaum hais lus Askiv koj tsis tas yuav xav.
