BSSR yog Belarusian Soviet Socialist koom pheej, ib qho ntawm 16 lub tebchaws uas yog ib feem ntawm USSR. Tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub USSR, lub Belarusian Soviet Socialist koom pheej ntawm lub BSSR los ua Belarus. Lub peev yog lub nroog Minsk, uas yog ib lub nroog loj tshaj plaws thiab muaj neeg coob tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Soviet Union. Tsis tas li ntawd, 6 cheeb tsam, 117 cheeb tsam hauv cheeb tsam nyob deb nroog, 98 lub nroog, thiab 111 lub nroog-hom chaw nyob yuav tsum raug txheeb xyuas hauv BSSR.
Lub tebchaws Belarusian Soviet Socialist muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev. Tus chij tau sawv cev los ntawm ntau yam sib txawv thoob plaws hauv nws keeb kwm. Cov kev xaiv no tau nthuav tawm hauv kab lus.
Nco ntsoov, thaum Byelorussian Soviet Socialist koom pheej muaj, lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab tsis tshua hloov.
Educational History
Nruab nrab cov xeev,zoo li Poland, Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, RSFSR, Ukrainian SSR, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist koom pheej tau tsim tom qab lub kiv puag ncig. Nws thaj chaw muaj kwv yees li 207,600 km2. Thaum pib, BSSR tau koom nrog RSFSR thiab tsuas yog ob xyoos tom qab ntawd los ua ib lub koom pheej ywj pheej. Tam sim ntawd tom qab kev sib cais ntawm BSSR, nws koom nrog Lithuanian Soviet koom pheej thiab Lithuanian-Belarusian Soviet Socialist koom pheej tau tsim, lossis, raws li nws tseem hu ua, LitBel SSR, tab sis tsuas yog rau ib xyoos thiab ib nrab. Lub Belarusian Soviet Socialist koom pheej ntawm xyoo 1919 yog ib feem ntawm lub tebchaws loj dua. Lub Lithuanian-Belarusian Soviet Socialist koom pheej muaj ob. Moscow-Lithuanian Treaty, uas tau kos npe rau Lub Xya Hli 12, 1920, yog ib qho cim ntawm kev tawg ntawm SSR LitBel. Thiab twb nyob rau lub Xya hli ntuj 31, lub Lithuanian-Belarusian Soviet Socialist koom pheej tau tawg tag. Yog li, BSSR tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1919, tom qab ntawd nkag mus rau hauv lub koom haum loj, tom qab, los ntawm 1920 txog 1991, nws muaj nyob rau hauv nws cov xwm txheej qub thiab dhau los ua ib lub xeev ywj pheej.
yam ntxwv kev lag luam
Hauv xyoo 1980, 4.3 billion rubles tau nqis peev hauv BSSR rau kev txhim kho kev lag luam, kev lag luam thiab kev tsim kho vaj tse. Cov kev lag luam loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub xeev no tuaj yeem hu ua kev lag luam tshuaj, petrochemical thiab zaub mov. Kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev lag luam (los ntawm 1940 txog 1980) tau ua tiav vim muaj peev txheej peev thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg Belarusian. Cov neeg uas nyob hauv lub tebchaws tom qab tsov rog rov tsim lub nroog, ntau yam, ib tug yuav hais tias, tau tsim.rov tsim kev tsim khoom thiab mining. Ntau npaum li 29 npaug ntawm qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom tau nce hauv 40 xyoo xwb. Cov roj ntawm BSSR, nrog rau cov koom pheej ntawm Belarus, yog thiab tau txais kev pab los ntawm nws cov nplua nuj reserves ntawm natural gas, roj, thee thiab peat. Cov nplua nuj mineral deposits kuj tau tsim thiab tsim nrog kev pab los ntawm kev nqis peev los ntawm USSR. Qhov ntev ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau hauv BSSR hauv xyoo 1982 yog ntau npaum li 5,513 km, thiab txoj kev tsheb - 36,700 km.
Pabneeg
BSSR yog ib qhov chaw muaj neeg coob tshaj plaws ntawm Soviet Union, xyoo 1984 cov pejxeem ceev yog 47.6 tus neeg ib 1 km2. Kev sib haum xeeb ntawm lub tebchaws yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov xwm txheej zoo sib xws thoob plaws hauv nws thaj chaw. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub tebchaws yog cov neeg coob tshaj plaws, uas tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov nroog loj ntawm no, suav nrog Minsk. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm 1950 thiab 1970, cov pej xeem hauv nroog loj hlob sai dua li qhov nruab nrab ntawm Soviet.
Nature of the BSSR
Cov koom pheej nyob rau sab hnub tuaj European Plain, tuav lub phiab ntawm nruab nrab Dnieper, nrog rau sab hnub poob Dvina thiab Neman nyob rau sab sauv. Lub tiaj tiaj hom prevails. Txawm li cas los xij, thaj chaw muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov toj roob hauv pes thiab lowlands, uas yog swampy heev nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm pas dej nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub BSSR. Quaternary glaciation txiav txim qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev nyem. Nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob ntawm lub xeev muaj tag nrho cov kab keterminal moraine ridges. Nce toj yog nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj.
Txhob Cia Siab
Nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm sab hnub poob mus rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm thaj chaw ntawm BSSR yav dhau los, Belarusian ridge stretches, uas muaj cov ntu sib cais, toj tsim hauv Moscow glaciation. Parallel rau nws yog cov glacial plains. Belarusian Polesye, nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm lub xeev, yog hu ua rooj plaub tshwj xeeb ntawm lub tiaj. Roob thiab ridges kuj tawm mus rau sab qab teb, ib sab ntawm Belorussian Polissya.
Climate
BSSR nyob rau thaj tsam huab cua, uas txhais tau hais tias huab cua yog huab cua huab cua. Qhov ntsuas kub nyob rau lub Ib Hlis yog txog -4 ° C, txawm li cas los xij, vim qhov ntev ntev ntawm sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb, tus nqi no yuav txawv. Qhov nruab nrab kub nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj yog hais txog 17 ° C, tab sis rau tib yam vim li cas tus nqi yuav tsis muaj tseeb rau tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub teb chaws. Kev nyab xeeb yog continental, uas txhais tau hais tias muaj nag me ntsis - 550-700 mm.
Rivs
Nyob hauv BSSR muaj ntau tus dej ntws, ob qho tib si me thiab loj. Lawv tag nrho ntev yog suav tias yog 90,600 km. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv dej hiav txwv Atlantic, uas yog mus rau lub Black thiab B altic Seas. Qee tus dej ntws yog siv rau kev thauj mus los. Lub BSSR yog hav zoov nplua nuj heev, uas nyob 1/3 ntawm tag nrho cov cheeb tsam, cov nroj tsuag swamps thiab shrubs nyob rau ntawm 1/10 ntawm thaj chaw.
Thaj chaw ntawm BSSR tsis nyob ntawm ntug ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj Tebchaws Europe Phaj, uas txhais tau hais tias kev ua seismological tsis tuaj yeem muaj zog, av qeeg uas muaj zog tshaj plaws tseem tsis tau ncav cuag 5 ntsiab lus.
Mineral peev txheej ntawm BSSR
Cov zaub mov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, uas tseem muaj nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm Belarus ntau, yog roj, roj, thee thiab ntau ntsev.
Thaj av ntawm sab qaum teb ntawm Pripyat trough yog nplua nuj nyob hauv roj thiab roj. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov roj deposits yog lawv qhov loj thiab lawv cov txheej txheem hauv txheej. Cov pa roj carbon monoxide tsis tau nthuav tawm hauv cov ntim loj, thiab yog li ntawd tau tsim raws txoj kev.
Brown thee thiab slates
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom loj loj ntawm cov thee xim av tau pom nyob rau thaj chaw ntawm BSSR. Peat yog sawv cev los ntawm 39 hom. Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov roj tseem ceeb hauv Belarus. Raws li ntau li 7,000 thee deposits, nws tag nrho cheeb tsam yog hais txog 2.5 lab hectares, tsuas yog siv tsis tau. Tag nrho cov nyiaj peat yog 1.1 billion tons, cov no yog cov nplua nuj tiag tiag.
Ntxiv rau, cov roj shale mining pib hauv BSSR, uas, raws li cov kws tshawb fawb geologists, nyob ntawm qhov tob txog li 600 m. Cov peev txheej loj ntawm shale kuj tseem siv roj.
Sats
Potassium thiab pob zeb ntsev yog mining thiab tshuaj raw khoom. Lub thickness ntawm cov txheej yog 1-40 m. Lawv pw nyob rau hauv carbonate-argillaceous pob zeb. Cov reserves ntawm potash ntsev yog kwv yees li 7.8 billion tons, lawv tau mined ntawm ntau deposits, piv txwv li, ntawm Starobinsky thiab Petrikovsky. Pob zeb ntsev yog sawv cev los ntawm 20 billion tons, lawv tshwm sim ntawm qhov tob txog li 750 meters. Lawv raug mined ntawm xws li deposits xws li Davydovskoye thiab Mozyrskoye. Tsis tas li ntawd, BSSR yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv phosphorite.
pob zeb
thaj chaw ntawm Belarus kuj muaj kev nplua nuj ntawm lub tsev thiab tig pob zeb,chalk pob zeb, av nplaum thiab tsim cov xuab zeb. Cov khoom ntawm lub tsev pob zeb - txog 457 lab m3, ntsib - txog 4.6 lab m3. Cov cheeb tsam yav qab teb ntawm Belarus yog cov nplua nuj tshaj plaws hauv tsev pob zeb. Dolomites, ntawm qhov tod tes, tuaj rau saum npoo nyob rau sab qaum teb. Lawv cov reserves yog kwv yees li 437.8 lab tons. Lub BSSR kuj nplua nuj nyob rau hauv Cretaceous pob zeb, cov reserves ntawm niaj hnub no muaj txog li 3679 lab tons. av nplaum ntawm ntau hom yog sawv cev nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Belarus nrog reserves ntawm 587 lab m 3, lawv feem ntau nyob hauv Minsk, Grodno, Gomel thiab Vitebsk cheeb tsam.
Kev txhim kho cov peev txheej ntxhia
Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm BSSR, raws li twb tau hais lawm, cov peev txheej ntxhia tau ua haujlwm mined. Lawv txoj kev loj hlob tau pib 30,000 xyoo dhau los, nyob rau lub sijhawm Paleolithic lig. Lub sijhawm ntawd, cov neeg uas nyob hauv thaj chaw no tau khawb flint los ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Txog 4500 txhiab xyoo dhau los, flint mining twb tau tsim. Ntau cov mines tau pom tau siv txawm tias nyob rau lub sijhawm Cretaceous. Lawv qhov tob tsis tshaj 6 meters, txawm li cas los xij, muab lub sijhawm ntawm lawv qhov tshwm sim, peb tuaj yeem xav tias qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm flint tau tsim heev ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw no. Kuj tseem muaj tag nrho cov mines sib txuas los ntawm cov kab lus, feem ntau mus txog 5.
Kev txhim kho
koob Ancient tau pom nyob rau hauv mines, uas yog npaj rau stitching hnab xav tau los thauj cov pob zeb hauv av. Cov khoom raug ua tiav nyob ze ntawm qhov tawm. Flint tau siv los uacov axes. Twb yog xyoo pua tsib BC. txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlau deposits pib, los ntawm cov neeg uas nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Belarus tsim cov khoom vaj khoom tsev thiab riam phom. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv rau ntau yam kev xav tau yog ua los ntawm av nplaum. Twb tau los ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, iav factories pib tshwm, thiab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, thawj manufactories nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam no tshwm sim.
peat mining
Peat mining hauv BSSR tau dhau los ua kev lag luam ywj pheej. Cov ntim tau nce tsis tu ncua vim muaj kev siv ntau ntxiv. Peat qhauj tau tshwm sim, uas txhawb kev lag luam. Tab sis thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawm lawv raug rhuav tshem. Tsuas yog los ntawm xyoo 1949 tau ua qhov ntim ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tau ncav cuag nws qhov tseem ceeb dhau los.
Ntshav mining
Raws li twb tau hais lawm, potash thiab pob zeb ntsev muaj nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm Belarus. Tab sis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1961 lawv active mining pib. Txoj kev mining underground tau siv. Cov nplua nuj ntawm lawv yog Starobinskoye. Kev siv tshuab feem ntau ntawm cov mining ua rau muaj qhov ntim ntawm cov ntsev ntau ntxiv los ntawm 60% hauv xyoo 1965 thiab 98% xyoo 1980.
tiv thaiv subsoil
Minerals tau nquag mined hauv BSSR, nws yooj yim los twv tias qhov no cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig. Cov cheeb tsam loj tau raug puas tsuaj. Yog li ntawd, kev ua si lom zem uas tsom rau kev txhawb nqa cov subsoil thiab kho cov peev txheej, xws li fertilizing av thiab cog ntoo, pib ua.
Kev kawm ntawm cov kws tshaj lij kev lag luam
Belarusian Polytechnic Institute, nrhiav tau rov qab rau hauv BSSR, cob qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm rau kev ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam mining. Nws tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1933 hauv Minsk. Twb yog xyoo 1969 muaj ntau txog 12 lub tsev kawm ntawv. Tseem muaj lwm lub tsev kawm ntawv. Cov tsev kawm txuj ci tseem muab kev kawm hauv kev txhim kho peat deposits, underground processing of ores and non-metallic minerals, and industries.
Kev sib tw Arena
Xyoo 1920, BSSR, ib tus yuav hais tias, yog qhov chaw ntawm kev sib cav ntawm bourgeois Europe thiab USSR. Sab tom kawg xav tuav lub hwj chim hauv tebchaws Poland, qhov kev nyiam ntawm Soviet Union tau sawv cev los ntawm ib pawg neeg sawv cev los ntawm RSFSR. Qhov kev txiav txim siab tsis tau pom zoo rau BSSR. Qhov kev daws teeb meem tsis pub nthuav dav ntawm Belarus ntawm tus nqi ntawm Poland.
Cov neeg sib raug zoo ntawm BSSR tsis txaus siab rau qhov chaw nyob ntawm ciam teb nrog lawv cov neeg nyob ze, uas yog nrog RSFSR thiab Poland. Lawv ntseeg hais tias nws yog tsis yooj yim sua los tsim ib thaj tsam ntawm ib tug ethnographic hauv paus. Tsis muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm thaj chaw teeb meem.
Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj
Thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, BSSR thiab Ukrainian SSR raug kev txom nyem ntau dua li lwm qhov ntawm Soviet Union. Ntau tshaj 2 lab tus tib neeg tuag hauv BSSR, thiab kwv yees li 380 txhiab tus neeg raug coj tawm hauv lub tebchaws, cov pejxeem uas nyob ua ntej tsov rog tsuas yog mus txog xyoo 1971 xwb. Cov Nazi invaders rhuav tshem 209 lub nroog thiab cov chaw hauv cheeb tsam, ntau qhov uas yuav tsum tau rov tsim dua tshiab, tsuas yog 2.8 lab square metres ntawm vaj tsev nyob tau dim ntawm yuav luag 10.8.
Kev ywj pheej thiab nthuav qhov tseeb
Hauv xyoo 1990, Kev Tshaj Tawm ntawm Lub Xeev Sovereignty ntawm BSSR tau kos npe, uas txhais tau tias nws yuav muaj kev sib cais. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 19, 1991, nws tau los ua lub npe hu ua Republic of Belarus. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, daim ntawv cog lus ntawm kev tsim CIS tau tsim thiab kos npe. Lub koom haum suav nrog Lavxias Federation, Ukraine thiab Belarus. Qhov tseeb nthuav hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub xeev no yog tias 46 xyoo lub tebchaws no, zoo li Ukrainian SSR, yog ib tus tswv cuab ntawm UN (United Nations), txawm hais tias nws tseem nyob hauv lub xeev - BSSR. Nyob rau xyoo 1920-1930, txoj cai tswjfwm tau tsim kho hauv tebchaws.
