cheeb tsam Tver yog thaj chaw nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob ntawm Lavxias Federation. Nws yog nyob rau hauv nws ciam teb uas nto moo Lavxias teb sab dej, lub Volga, yug los. Lub cheeb tsam ntawm Tver cheeb tsam yog 84.2 txhiab square meters. km, thiab cov pejxeem yog 1.3 lab tus tib neeg. Cov cheeb tsam suav nrog 23 lub nroog, uas muaj ntau lub lag luam ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg, kev lag luam tsim khoom thiab kev lag luam hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ua haujlwm.
Tver cheeb tsam: ib nyuag piav qhia ntawm cheeb tsam
Tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm Tver cheeb tsam yog 84,201 square kilometers (cheeb tsam ranks 38th nyob rau hauv loj ntawm cov kev kawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation). Lub cheeb tsam ntawm thaj av yog nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob ntawm lub tebchaws (cim liab ntawm daim ntawv qhia). Cov thawj coj peev ntawm cheeb tsam yog lub nroog Tver.
Cov pejxeem ntawm thaj av Tver yog kwv yees li 1.3 lab tus tib neeg. Kev daws qhov ntom ntom: 15 tus neeg nyob hauv ib square km ntawm thaj chaw.
cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv nws qhov kev txwv tam sim no yogtsim nyob rau hauv 1935 raws li yav tas los Tver xeev. Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws ntawm Tver Thaj Chaw, Igor Mikhailovich Rudenya, tau ua txoj haujlwm no thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 2016. Nws tus thawj coj yog Andrei Shevelev, uas tau tso tseg los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Russia. Los ntawm txoj kev, tam sim no tus tswv xeev ntawm cheeb tsam Tver tau ua haujlwm hnyav hauv kev lag luam zaub mov thiab kev ua liaj ua teb ntawm lub tebchaws.
cheeb tsam kev lag luam yog raws li kev lag luam hluav taws xob thiab kev tsim khoom lag luam tsim. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau lub tuam txhab tsim cov khoom siv hauv tsev, iav thiab textiles ua haujlwm hauv cheeb tsam.
Kev kawm ntawm cheeb tsam Tver
Keeb kwm ntawm thaj av niaj hnub no pib thaum Lub Ib Hlis 29, 1935. Nws cov thawj coj yog lub xeev Tver, uas muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws rau ntau tshaj ib puas xyoo - los ntawm 1796 txog 1917. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias thaj tsam ntawm cheeb tsam Tver niaj hnub no muaj ntau tshaj qhov loj ntawm lub xeev keeb kwm ntawm tib lub npe (los ntawm yuav luag 20 txhiab square kilometers).
Thawj qhov chaw nyob ntawm thaj chaw ntawm thaj av no tau tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo pua 9th. Qhov no yog pov thawj los ntawm ntau archaeological pom. Nyob rau hauv 1135, lub nroog ntawm Tver tau tsim, thiab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 13th, ib tug autonomous xeev tsim, tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Tver, tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia nom tswv ntawm teb chaws Europe. Rau lub sijhawm ntev nws tau sib tw nrog Moscow rau txoj cai los ua ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev sib sau ua ke ntawm Lavxias teb sab av.
Lub sijhawm XV-XVI centuries tus thawj tswj hwm yog ib lub chaw tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua thiab kev lag luam hauv Russia. Lub cheeb tsam twb nto moo rau nws cov kws txawj craftsmen - paintings thiabcov tsim. Nws yog los ntawm Tver uas lub ntiaj teb nto moo wanderer thiab tub lag luam Afanasy Nikitin tau tawm ntawm nws txoj kev taug kev loj heev hauv 1468.
Tsis yog cov xwm txheej rosy coj cov av no nyob rau xyoo 17th thiab 18th. Tver raug kev txom nyem ntau dua ib zaug los ntawm kev puas tsuaj loj heev ntawm cov Poles thiab Lithuanians, nrog rau ntau qhov hluav taws kub hnyav. Tom qab ib qho ntawm cov hluav taws kub, uas tau tshwm sim hauv 1773, lub nroog yuav tsum tau rov tsim dua yuav luag ntawm kos.
Lwm qhov tseeb tseem ceeb los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm thaj av: txij thaum pib ntawm 1935 txog 1990, thaj av ntawd hu ua Kalininskaya, thiab nws qhov chaw hauv cheeb tsam, raws li Kalinin.
Tver cheeb tsam: lub tsho tiv thaiv caj npab thiab chij
Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, kev ua lag luam hauv tebchaws Russia tsis yog tsuas yog fashionable, tab sis kuj tseem ceeb heev. Thawj lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm Tver av yog tsim los ntawm Fabkis Count Francis Santi, uas tuaj rau lub teb chaws tshwj xeeb los pab tsim "cov cim av". Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm daim duab no - lub taub hau muaj koob muaj npe rau ntawm lub rooj zaum kub - tau khaws cia rau ntawm caj npab ntawm thaj tsam rau hnub no.
Tus chij ntawm thaj av Tver tau pom zoo rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 28, 1996. Nws muaj peb kab kab ntsug: ob lub daj thiab ib qho liab (center). Ntawm lub keeb kwm liab liab yog piav qhia txog lub zwm txwv golden nrog Monomakh lub hau ntawm nws lub hauv ncoo ntsuab. Tib tus qauv tuaj yeem pom ntawm lub tsho tiv no niaj hnub ntawm caj npab ntawm cheeb tsam.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm xwm
thaj chaw ntawm thaj av Tver yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm peb lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Cov no yog: tiaj tus struts, ib tug tuab network ntawm cov dej ntws thiab pas dej, thiabCov peev txheej ntxhia tsis txaus.
thaj chaw ntawm thaj av yog qhov zoo dua. Tsuas yog nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm thaj av ntawd nce me ntsis, tom qab ntawd nws rov tig mus rau hauv qhov chaw qis (Ploskoshskaya). Qhov siab tshaj plaws point ("Sab saum toj ntawm Valdai", 347 m) nyob rau hauv lub Firovsky koog tsev kawm ntawv. Kev nyab xeeb ntawm thaj chaw yog huab cua continental, cov nag lossis daus tsis tshaj 650 hli hauv ib xyoos.
Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Tver, muaj ntau tshaj 1700 pas dej thiab txog 800 tus dej, lub ntsiab ntawm uas yog lub Volga. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam Ostashkovsky. Muaj ntau cov khoom tsim khoom tsim hauv cheeb tsam - reservoirs. Qhov loj tshaj ntawm lawv yog Rybinskoye, Ivankovskoye, Verkhnevolzhskoye thiab Uglichskoye. Ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm cheeb tsam cheeb tsam (kwv yees li 54%) yog nyob hauv hav zoov.
Thaj chaw ntawm thaj av Tver yog cov zaub mov tsis zoo. Ntawm tag nrho cov ntau yam ntawm cov khoom siv ntxhia, cov subsoil ntawm thaj av no tsuas tuaj yeem muab nws cov neeg nyob hauv peat, limestone, xim av thee, av nplaum thiab xuab zeb.
cov teeb meem pej xeem
Cov xwm txheej pej xeem hauv cheeb tsam yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws. Hmoov tsis zoo, cov pej xeem ntawm thaj av Tver tau poob sai sai. Hauv 25 xyoo dhau los, raws li kev txheeb cais, thaj av tau poob yuav luag 20% ntawm nws cov neeg nyob. Hauv cov ntsiab lus tseeb, qhov no yog yuav luag 350,000 tus neeg.
Nyob rau xyoo 2015, cov pejxeem poob qis hauv thaj av ntawd muaj txog li 6,500 tus neeg. Nws tsis yog txo qis hauv Tver thiab ob peb lwm qhov chaw nyob hauv cheeb tsam (tshwj xeeb, hauv Maksatikha). Lwm qhov teeb meem loj hauv cheeb tsam no yog kev ploj mus thiab degradation ntawm cov zos. NtauTwb muaj kaum ob lub zos tso tseg nyob hauv cheeb tsam. Yog li ntawd, ib tug ntawm cov thawj coj nyob rau hauv tus naj npawb ntawm cov uas ploj lawm lub zos thiab ua liaj ua teb yog lub Staritsky koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub Tver cheeb tsam, nyob rau hauv lub central-sab qab teb cheeb tsam ntawm lub cheeb tsam.
Kev tu siab sib npaug hauv cheeb tsam yog cov tub ntxhais hluas tawm mus. Cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm txawj ntse tau tawm hauv cov nroog hauv cheeb tsam Tver, tsiv mus rau cov neeg nyob sib ze, thaj chaw muaj kev vam meej hauv lub tebchaws.
Kev faib tawm thiab lub nroog
Kev tswj hwm, thaj tsam Tver tau muab faib ua 35 cheeb tsam thiab 8 lub nroog hauv nroog. Cov cheeb tsam loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv yog: Konakovskiy, Kalininskiy, Bezhetskiy thiab Bologovskiy.
Muaj 23 lub nroog, 20 lub nroog nyob thiab 319 qhov chaw nyob deb nroog hauv cheeb tsam. Lub nroog loj tshaj plaws yog Tver, Rzhev, Torzhok, Kimry, Vyshny Volochek. Muaj cov tub ntxhais hluas lub nroog nyob rau thaj tsam Tver uas tau txais cov xwm txheej zoo li no tsuas yog nyob rau xyoo pua 20th (xws li, piv txwv li, Western Dvina lossis Andreapol). Tab sis feem ntau ntawm lawv tau nrhiav tau ntau dhau los. Lub nroog qub tshaj plaws hauv cheeb tsam Tver: Torzhok, Bezhetsk, Toropets, Staritsa thiab Tver.
Tver yog lub peev ntawm cheeb tsam, nws lub nroog qub thiab loj tshaj plaws. Muaj ntau yam txawv txawv monuments thiab architectural sights. Ntau cov duab kab lis kev cai ntawm Russia tau mus xyuas Tver - kws sau ntawv Dostoevsky thiab Ostrovsky, kws sau paj lug Pushkin, fabulist Krylov thiab lwm tus.
kab lis kev cai thiab tourism
Nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, cheeb tsam Tver nyob ib qho chaw muaj koob muaj npe thib ob hauv RSFSR hais txog cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi. Hnub noCov neeg taug kev hauv cheeb tsam tau qis dua. Txawm li cas los xij, kev coj noj coj ua, kev kawm, kev ncig ua si, kev ua si luv luv, nrog rau kev caij nkoj tau zoo heev hauv cheeb tsam.
Thaj chaw muaj ntau yam kev zoo nkauj. Cov khoom thiab qhov chaw hauv qab no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov ntawm cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi thiab so: Lake Seliger, lub npe hu ua Moscow Hiav Txwv (Ivankovskoye reservoir), Bezhetsky Verkh toj.
Kev zoo nkauj ntawm thaj av tau ua tiav los ntawm kev ua neej nplua nuj. Cov kws ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj ntawm lub ntiaj teb nto moo tsim hauv cheeb tsam, muaj tsib lub tsev ua yeeb yam thiab txog 40 lub tsev khaws puav pheej. Lub cheeb tsam txhua xyoo muaj ntau yam kev lom zem thiab ntau yam festivals. Qhov nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog Invasion rock music festival.
TOP 15 qhov chaw nto moo tshaj plaws hauv cheeb tsam
cheeb tsam Tver yog li 5,000 qhov chaw archaeological thiab ntau dua 9,000 monuments ntawm keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai. Qhov no thaj av ntawm zoo kawg li monasteries thiab ancient vaj tse. Cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi ntawm Golden Ring ntawm Russia dhau los ntawm thaj chaw ntawm thaj av. Kwv yees li 250,000 tus neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws tuaj xyuas thaj av txhua xyoo.
Hauv qab no yog cov neeg tuaj saib tshaj plaws thiab nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm thaj av Tver:
- Nilova Hermitage (monastery ntawm Lake Seliger);
- Holy Assumption Monastery (Staritsa);
- Borisoglebsky Monastery (Torzhok);
- Vasilevo vaj tse (Torzhok koog tsev kawm ntawv);
- Tolstoy cov cuab yeej cuab tam hauv Novye Eltsy (Ostashkovsky koog tsev kawm ntawv);
- Church of the Nativity of the Virgin of the XIV century inLub zos Gorodnya - lub tsev teev ntuj qub tshaj plaws hauv cheeb tsam (Konakovskiy koog tsev kawm ntawv);
- lub tsev teev ntuj txawv txawv thiab zoo nkauj ntawm Kev Hloov Hloov ntawm tus Tswv (Staritsa);
- qhov chaw ntawm tus dej Volga (Ostashkovsky koog tsev kawm ntawv);
- Nikolskaya tswb pej thuam, ib nrab dej nyab los ntawm cov dej ntawm Volga (Kalyazin);
- monument to Athanasius Nikitin (Tver);
- Starovolzhsky Choj (Tver);
- lub nroog Kimry yog "cov khau peev" ntawm Russia nrog ntau lub tsev ntoo hauv Art Nouveau style (Kimry);
- channels ntawm Vyshnevolotsk dej system - thawj zaug hauv Russia (Vyshny Volochek);
- Lake Brosno, nyob rau hauv cov dej uas, raws li cov lus dab neeg, ib tug tiag tiag dinosaur nyob (Andreapolsky koog tsev kawm ntawv);
- mystical pyramid ntawm Kev tshaib kev nqhis nrog cov khoom zoo heev (Ostashkovsky koog tsev kawm ntawv).
Zoo kawg
Thaj chaw ntawm thaj av Tver yog tshaj 84 txhiab square meters. km. Ntawm thaj chaw no muaj 23 lub nroog nrog rau Tver thaum ub. Qhov no yog thaj av uas muaj keeb kwm sib sib zog nqus, zoo nkauj Lavxias teb sab thiab ntau yam monuments ntawm architecture thiab antiquity.
