protein ntau hauv chemistry yog dab tsi? Cov mis ntawm no nitrogen-muaj cov organic molecular siab yog complex, nws yog complex polymer ntawm amino acids.
Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov protein yog dab tsi? Cov chemistry ntawm chav kawm ntawm cov tebchaw no yog qhov tseem ceeb, vim tias cov proteins yog ib feem ntawm cov kab mob muaj sia: cov leeg, cov kabmob sab hauv, cov ntaub so ntswg, ntshav, pob txha mos.
Quick reference
Protein molecules (thiab lawv cov khoom - amino acids) yog tsim los ntawm dej thiab carbon dioxide los ntawm photosynthesis, nrog rau kev nqus ntawm lwm cov protein: phosphorus, nitrogen, hlau, magnesium, sulfur los ntawm cov ntsev uas yog. pom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv yaj nyob rau hauv cov av.
Cov kab mob tsiaj feem ntau tau txais cov amino acids npaj tau los ntawm cov zaub mov, los ntawm cov protein tshwj xeeb rau txhua yam kab mob tshwj xeeb tau tsim ntxiv. Qee cov amino acids (tsis tseem ceeb) tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov tsiaj txhu lawv tus kheej.
Lub tsev nta
Kev siv cov proteins yog raws li cov khoom. Chemistry ntawm chav kawm noorganic tebchaw vim muaj amide (peptide) bonds nyob rau hauv lawv.
Kev siv cov protein yog txuam nrog lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, tshwj xeeb, enzymatic catalysts uas tswj cov kev ceev thiab kev taw qhia ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv lub cev.
siv kho mob
Kev txaus siab yog kev siv cov proteins nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov zaub mov kho tshuaj thiab tshuaj tshuaj. Hauv kev xyaum, cov protein hydrolysates xav tau. Raws li ib feem ntawm enzymatic lossis acid hydrolysis ntawm casein, protein hydrolysates ntawm kev kho mob tseem ceeb yog tsim. Piv txwv li, amigen yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev poob ntshav hnyav (qhia hauv daim ntawv ntawm 5% tov nrog ntxiv qabzib).
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm parenteral khoom noj khoom haus, protein hydrolysates (amikin, aminopeptide, fibrinosol) yog siv. Cov tshuaj "Cerebrolysin", uas muaj kev sib xyaw ntawm cov amino acids tseem ceeb, yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev puas siab puas ntsws, cerebral ncig tsis zoo, nco tsis tau.
Nyob hauv lub cev
Zoo li lwm yam macromolecules lom (lipids, polysaccharides, nucleic acids), cov proteins yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob muaj sia. Lawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub neej ntawm txhua lub cell. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kev siv cov proteins hauv cov txheej txheem metabolic. Lawv yog ib feem ntawm cov organelles thiab cytoskeleton (intracellular qauv), secreted nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub cell, ua raws li ib tug teeb liab kis ntawm cov cell, nquag koom nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm intercellular tshuaj, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lub hydrolysis (kev puas tsuaj). khoom noj.
Lub luag haujlwm hauv lub cev
Kev tshuaj xyuas kev siv cov protein, cia peb tsom mus rau lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb uas cov organic tshuaj no ua.
nto moo tshaj plaws yog qhov tseem ceeb enzymatic. Enzymes yog cov proteins uas muaj cov khoom catalytic tshwj xeeb, uas yog, muaj peev xwm ua kom ntau cov txheej txheem metabolic hauv lub cev muaj sia.
Lawv ua kom nrawm nrawm ntawm cov macromolecules complex (catabolism), txhawb nqa lawv cov synthesis (anabolism), suav nrog DNA kho thiab rov ua dua thiab RNA template synthesis.
Txawm tias muaj qhov tseeb tias cov enzymes muaj (feem ntau) ntawm cov amino acid residues, tsuas yog qee qhov ntawm lawv cuam tshuam nrog cov substrate, thiab tsuas yog qee tus ntawm lawv ncaj qha koom nrog catalysis.
Cov proteins ntawm cov cytoskeleton nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm "reinforcement" muab organelles ib yam zoo li. Lawv yog cov neeg koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov cov duab ntawm cov hlwb. Feem ntau cov txheej txheem proteins yog filamentous. Piv txwv li, buddulin thiab actin monomers yog globular, soluble proteins, tab sis raws li lawv polymerize, lawv tsim ntev filaments ntawm cytoskeleton, uas tso cai rau lub cell kom muaj ib tug tej yam zoo li.
Collagen thiab elastin yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom sib txuas ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg (piv txwv li, pob txha mos). Cov ntsia hlau, plaub hau, noog plaub, thiab mollusk plhaub yog tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem protein keratin.
Kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov macromolecules no tseem ceeb heev. tiv thaiv lub cevmuab collagen protein, uas tsim lub hauv paus ntawm connective intercellular tshuaj ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, nrog rau cov pob txha, tendons, tob txheej ntawm lub dermis.
Thrombins thiab fibrinogens, uas nquag koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntshav txhaws, yog cov protein tseem ceeb uas muab lub cev tiv thaiv lub cev.
