Lub ntiaj teb nyob hauv qab dej zoo nkauj npaum li cas, nws yog qhov tsis meej. Txog rau tam sim no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb pom qee yam tshiab, hom tsiaj txawv txawv, cov khoom zoo kawg ntawm cov nroj tsuag tau raug tshawb xyuas, thiab thaj chaw ntawm lawv daim ntawv thov tau nthuav dav.
Txoj kev muaj dej hiav txwv, hiav txwv, dej, pas dej thiab swamps tsis txawv li thaj av, tab sis nws kuj yog qhov tshwj xeeb thiab zoo nkauj. Cia peb sim xyuas seb cov nroj tsuag hauv qab no zoo li cas yog cov qauv ntawm algae thiab lawv qhov tseem ceeb hauv lub neej ntawm tib neeg thiab lwm yam tsiaj nyob.
Systematic txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub system ntawm lub ntiaj teb no organic
Los ntawm cov qauv lees paub, algae suav tias yog ib pawg ntawm cov nroj tsuag qis. Lawv yog ib feem ntawm Cellular kingdoms of Plants thiab sub-kingdoms of Lower Plants. Qhov tseeb, xws li kev faib yog ua raws li cov qauv ntawm cov neeg sawv cev.
Lawv tau lub npe vim lawv muaj peev xwm loj hlob thiab nyob hauv dej. Lub npe Latin - Algae. Yog li lub npe ntawm kev tshawb fawb koom nrog hauv kev tshawb fawb ntxaws ntawm cov kab mob no, lawv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam thiab cov qauv, yog tsim - algology.
Kev faib tawm ntawm algae
Moderncov ntaub ntawv tso cai rau peb los ntaus nqi tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv muaj txog ntau hom neeg sawv cev rau kaum lub tuam tsev. Kev faib tawm yog nyob ntawm tus qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm algae.
- xiav-ntsuab unicellular, lossis cyanobacteria. Cov neeg sawv cev: cyanides, phom phom, microcystis thiab lwm yam.
- Diatoms. Cov no suav nrog pinnularia, navicula, pleurosigma, melosira, gomphoneme, sinedra thiab lwm yam.
- Golden. Cov neeg sawv cev: chrysodendron, chromulina, primnesium thiab lwm yam.
- Porphyry. Cov no suav nrog porphyry.
- Brown. Laminaria, Sargassum, Cystoseira thiab lwm yam.
- Yaj-ntsuab. Qhov no suav nrog cov chav kawm xws li Xanthopod, Xanthococcus, Xanthomonad.
- Reds. Gracilaria, anfeltia, crimson.
- Ntsuab. Chlamydomonas, Volvox, Chlorella thiab lwm yam.
- Evshenovye. Cov no suav nrog cov neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Greens.
- Char. Hara ua tus sawv cev tseem ceeb.
Qhov kev faib tawm no tsis cuam tshuam txog cov qauv ntawm algae, tab sis tsuas yog qhia lawv lub peev xwm rau photosynthesize ntawm qhov tob sib txawv, qhia pigmentation ntawm ib xim lossis lwm qhov. Ntawd yog, xim ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog kos npe los ntawm qhov uas nws tau muab rau ib lub tuam tsev tshwj xeeb.
Algae: yam ntxwv nta
Lawv lub ntsiab qhov txawv yog tias lub cev tsis sib txawv rau hauv qhov chaw. Ntawd yog, algae tsis, zoo li cov nroj tsuag siab dua, muaj kev sib faib meej rau hauv kev tua, muaj cov qia, nplooj thiab paj, thiab hauv paus system. Cov qauv ntawm lub cev ntawm algae yog sawv cev los ntawm ib tug thallus, los yogthallus.
Ntxiv rau, cov hauv paus system tseem ploj lawm. Hloov chaw, muaj cov txheej txheem translucent nyias zoo li cov txheej txheem hu ua rhizoids. Lawv ua haujlwm ntawm kev txuas mus rau lub substrate, thaum ua haujlwm zoo li lub khob nqus dej.
Thallus nws tus kheej tuaj yeem ua tau ntau yam ntawm cov duab thiab xim. Qee lub sij hawm hauv qee tus neeg sawv cev nws zoo ib yam li tua ntawm cov nroj tsuag siab dua. Yog li, cov qauv ntawm algae yog qhov tshwj xeeb heev rau txhua chav haujlwm, yog li ntawd, yav tom ntej nws yuav raug txiav txim siab ntau ntxiv siv cov piv txwv ntawm cov neeg sawv cev sib xws.
Type of thalli
Thallus yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm txhua lub cellular algae. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev no yog cov thallus tuaj yeem ua tau ntau hom.
- Amoeboid.
- Monadic.
- Capsal.
- coccoid.
- Filamented, los yog trichal.
- Sarcinoid.
- faux npuag.
- Siphon.
- Pseudoparenchymal.
thawj peb yog feem ntau raug rau cov ntawv colonial thiab unicellular, tus so rau ntau tshaj, multicellular, complex lub koom haum.
Qhov kev faib tawm no tsuas yog kwv yees, txij li txhua hom muaj qhov hloov pauv hloov pauv, thiab tom qab ntawd nws yuav luag tsis paub qhov txawv ntawm ib qho ntawm lwm qhov. Txoj kab ntawm kev sib txawv raug tshem tawm.
Algae cell, nws cov qauv
Qhov peculiarity ntawm cov nroj tsuag no yog pib hauv cov qauv ntawm lawv cov hlwb. Nws txawv me ntsis ntawm cov neeg sawv cev siab dua. Muaj ob peb lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas cov cell sawv tawm.
- Nyob hauv qee tus neeg, lawv muaj cov qauv tshwj xeeb ntawm tsiaj keeb kwm - txav organelles (flagella).
- Qee zaum muaj kev qias neeg.
- Shells tsis zoo ib yam li cov nroj tsuag zoo tib yam. Lawv feem ntau muab cov carbohydrate lossis lipid txheej ntxiv.
- Pigments yog nyob rau hauv ib lub cev tshwj xeeb - chromatophore.
Tus so ntawm cov qauv ntawm algae cell ua raws cov kev cai dav dav ntawm cov nroj tsuag siab dua. Lawv kuj muaj:
- nucleus thiab chromatin;
- chloroplasts, chromoplasts thiab lwm yam xim uas muaj cov qauv;
- vacuoles nrog cell sap;
- cell phab ntsa;
- mitochondria, lysosomes, ribosomes;
- Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum thiab lwm yam.
Tib lub sijhawm, cov qauv cellular ntawm unicellular algae sib raug rau cov tsiaj txhu prokaryotic. Ntawd yog, cov nucleus, chloroplasts, mitochondria thiab qee cov qauv tseem ploj lawm.
Cov qauv ntawm tes ntawm ntau lub algae yog qhov zoo ib yam nrog cov nroj tsuag siab dua, nrog rau qee qhov tshwj xeeb.
Green Algae Department: qauv
Lub chaw haujlwm no suav nrog cov kab hauv qab no:
- unicellular;
- multicellular;
- colonial.
Muaj ntau tshaj kaum peb txhiab hom nyob rau hauv tag nrho. Cov chav kawm tseem ceeb:
- Volvox.
- Ulotrix.
- Siphon.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg.
YProtococcal.
Qhov peculiarities ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov kab mob unicellular yog tias sab nraud ntawm lub cell feem ntau npog nrog lub plhaub ntxiv uas ua haujlwm ntawm ib hom pob txha - lub pellicle. Qhov no tso cai rau nws muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev cuam tshuam sab nraud, khaws ib qho zoo, thiab tseem tsim cov qauv zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlau ions thiab ntsev rau saum npoo ntawm lub sijhawm.
Raws li txoj cai, cov qauv ntawm cov algae ntsuab ntawm ib hom unicellular yuav tsum suav nrog qee yam organelle ntawm kev txav, feem ntau yog flagellum nyob rau tom qab kawg ntawm lub cev. Cov zaub mov cia yog hmoov txhuv nplej siab, roj los yog hmoov nplej. Cov neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb: chlorella, chlamydomonas, volvox, chlorococcus, protococcus.
nthuav heev yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm siphons xws li caulerpa, codium, acetobularia. Lawv cov thallus tsis yog hom filamentous lossis lamellar, tab sis ib lub xovtooj loj heev uas ua txhua yam haujlwm hauv lub neej.
Multicellular kab mob tuaj yeem yog lamellar lossis filamentous. Yog tias peb tab tom tham txog cov ntawv lamellar, feem ntau lawv muaj ntau txheej, thiab tsis yog ib txheej txheej xwb. Feem ntau cov qauv ntawm hom algae no zoo ib yam li cov tua ntawm cov nroj tsuag siab dua. Qhov ntau ceg ntawm thallus, qhov muaj zog qhov zoo sib xws.
Cov neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb yog cov chav kawm hauv qab no:
- Ulotrix - ulotrix, ulva, monostroma.
- Couplings, los yog conjugates - zygonema, spirogyra, muzhotsia.
Cov ntawv Colonial tshwj xeeb. Qauvntsuab algae ntawm hom no nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo ntawm lawv tus kheej ntawm ib tug loj tsub zuj zuj ntawm unicellular cov neeg sawv cev, koom siab, raws li ib tug txoj cai, los ntawm mucus nyob rau hauv lub sab nraud ib puag ncig. Cov neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog volvox, protococcal.
Txoj kev ua neej nyob
Cov chaw nyob tseem ceeb yog lub cev dej tshiab thiab hiav txwv, dej hiav txwv. Feem ntau ua rau lub thiaj li hu ua flowering ntawm dej, npog nws tag nrho nto. Chlorella yog dav siv nyob rau hauv nyuj yug tsiaj, raws li nws purifies thiab enriches dej nrog oxygen, thiab cov qhuav residue yog pub rau tsiaj nyeg.
Ib leeg-celled ntsuab algae tuaj yeem siv rau hauv lub dav hlau los tsim cov pa oxygen los ntawm photosynthesis yam tsis hloov lawv cov qauv thiab tuag. Raws li lub sijhawm, lub tuam tsev tshwj xeeb no yog qhov qub tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag hauv qab dej.
Red Algae Department
Lwm lub npe rau lub tuam tsev yog Bagryanki. Nws tshwm sim vim xim tshwj xeeb ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm pawg no ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Nws yog txhua yam hais txog cov pigments. Cov qauv ntawm cov liab alga raws li tag nrho txaus siab tag nrho cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov nroj tsuag qis. Lawv tuaj yeem yog unicellular thiab multicellular, muaj thallus ntawm ntau hom. Muaj cov sawv cev loj thiab me me.
Txawm li cas los xij, lawv cov xim yog vim qee qhov nta - nrog rau chlorophyll, cov algae no muaj ntau cov xim:
- carotenoids;
- phycobilins.
Lawv npog lub ntsiab ntsuab xim, yog li cov xim ntawm cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm daj mus rau xim liab thiab crimson. Nws tshwm simvim qhov nqus ntawm yuav luag tag nrho cov wavelengths ntawm pom lub teeb. Cov neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb: anfeltia, phyllophora, gracilaria, porphyra thiab lwm yam.
Lub ntsiab lus thiab kev ua neej
Muaj peev xwm nyob hauv dej tshiab, tab sis feem ntau tseem yog cov neeg sawv cev hauv hiav txwv. Cov qauv ntawm cov algae liab, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj peev xwm tsim cov khoom tshwj xeeb agar-agar, tso cai rau nws siv dav hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb rau kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov tib neeg yog siv tshuaj thiab noj ncaj qha los ntawm tib neeg.
Department Brown Algae: qauv
Ntau zaus, raws li ib feem ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm ntawm cov nroj tsuag qis, lawv ntau lub tuam tsev, tus kws qhia ntawv nug cov tub ntxhais kawm: "Sau cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov xim av algae." Cov lus teb yuav yog qhov no: lub thallus muaj cov txheej txheem nyuaj tshaj plaws ntawm txhua tus neeg paub ntawm cov nroj tsuag qis; hauv thallus, uas feem ntau ntawm qhov loj me, muaj cov hlab ntsha ua haujlwm; lub thallus nws tus kheej muaj ntau txheej txheej, uas yog vim li cas nws zoo li cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov nroj tsuag siab dua.
Lub hlwb ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov algae no tsim cov hnoos qeev tshwj xeeb, yog li sab nraud ib txwm npog nrog ib hom txheej. Cov khoom noj tshwj xeeb yog:
- carbohydrate laminaritis;
- roj (cov rog sib txawv);
- cawv mannitol.
Ntawm no yog yuav hais li cas yog tias koj raug nug: "Sau cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov xim av algae." Muaj ntau ntau ntawm lawv, thiab lawv yog tshwj xeeb piv rau lwm cov neeg sawv cev.underwater nroj tsuag.
siv tsev thiab faib
Brown algae yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov organic tebchaw tsis yog rau cov tsiaj txhu hauv hiav txwv xwb, tab sis kuj rau cov neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw ntug dej hiav txwv. Lawv siv nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov yog dav ntawm ntau haiv neeg ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Cov tshuaj yog tsim los ntawm lawv, hmoov thiab minerals, alginic acids yog tau.
