Txhua yam uas nyob ib puag ncig peb yog ib hom ntaub ntawv uas peb pom nrog ntau yam kev nkag siab. Peb pom xim, tsw ntxhiab, hnov kev sib tham thiab lwm lub suab - nws yog txhua yam ntaub ntawv.
Tam sim no peb yuav tham txog cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev kawm computer science. Dab tsi ua nrog cov ntaub ntawv peb tuaj yeem ua thiab ua txhua hnub yam tsis paub qhov tseeb? Xav txog lub tswv yim yooj yim heev, kev faib cov ntaub ntawv. Ua ntej mus rau lo lus nug ntawm qhov kev nqis tes ua uas peb tuaj yeem ua nrog cov ntaub ntawv, peb coj los rau koj cov lus qhia me me, uas yog cov hauv paus ntawm computer science.
Information
Kev ua nrog cov ntaub ntawv muaj ntau: tau txais, ua, khaws cia, hloov pauv. Muaj tseeb txhua tus paub qhov no, tab sis dab tsi yog cov ntaub ntawv? Tsis yog txhua tus tau xav txog lo lus nug no.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias txhua yam ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau txuam nrog cov ntaub ntawv. Nws tuaj yeem yog nyob ntawm lossis tsis, cuam tshuam nrog lwm cov ntaub ntawv lossis cov ntaub ntawv, nws tuaj yeem muaj tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus nqi, thiab lwm yam. Nov yog cov npe me me ntawm cov khoom.
Txhua yam ntaub ntawv tau muab faib ua:
- Ntau.
- Special.
- Tus kheej.
Thawj qeb suav nrog kev tshaj xov xwm, peb siv lawv txhua hnub: peb saib TV, nyeem ntawv xov xwm thiab ntawv xov xwm, thiab hauv peb lub xyoo pua, txhua yam ntaub ntawv yooj yim tau rub tawm los ntawm Ntiaj Teb Wide Web hu ua Is Taws Nem. Cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb suav nrog kev tshawb fawb, thev naus laus zis, cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm, uas tsis muaj rau txhua tus. Nws tsis tsim nyog tham txog cov ntaub ntawv tus kheej, nws twb paub meej rau txhua tus neeg tias qhov no yog cov ntaub ntawv tsis tau qhia tawm uas ib tus neeg tswj hwm. Ua ntej peb xav txog kev nqis tes ua nrog cov ntaub ntawv, peb xav kom paub txog nws qhov kev faib tawm. Ntau qhov chaw muaj ntau qhov sib txawv, sib piv ntau qhov ua tau, peb yuav muab cov kev xaiv piav qhia hauv kab lus txuas ntxiv.
Kev faib tawm
Rau qhov pib, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv muab faib ua ob pawg loj, muab faib los ntawm daim ntawv nthuav qhia: discrete thiab analog. Yog tias peb ua piv txwv, ces thawj pab pawg suav nrog tus lej ntawm kev ua txhaum cai, uas yog, cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv, thiab qhov thib ob - qhov ceev ntawm lub tsheb ntawm qhov deb.
Tsis tas li, cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem muab faib, suav nrog thaj tsam ntawm qhov tshwm sim: theem pib, lom neeg, kev sib raug zoo. Thawj pab pawg suav nrog kev ua ntawm cov khoom tsis muaj sia, qhov thib ob - cov txheej txheem ntawm lub ntiaj teb nyob, thiab qhov thib peb qhia txog cov txheej txheem ntawm tib neeg thiab tib neeg tag nrho.
Tam sim no nyob rau hauv kab lus kawg, peb tau muab ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv faib uas qhia txog lub hom phiaj. Peb muab cov ntaub ntawv faib ua: pawg, tshwj xeeb thiab tus kheej.
Ua ntej xaiv qhov ua nrogcov ntaub ntawv, peb yuav txheeb xyuas qhov kev faib tawm uas feem ntau pom hauv computer science thiab ICT cov chav kawm, uas yog, kev faib raws li txoj kev coding:
- Symbol.
- Text.
- nraaj.
Actions
Peb ua haujlwm tas li nrog cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv yam tsis tau pom nws. Txawm hais tias koj mus kawm ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv tsis tu ncua lossis kev qhuab qhia. Peb tau muab cov ntaub ntawv, peb pom nws, ntawm chav kawm, yog tias peb xav tau, peb ua nws, txuag nws, peb tuaj yeem faib nws, uas yog, hloov nws, thiab lwm yam. Tam sim no cia peb xav txog dab tsi ua nrog cov ntaub ntawv ua tau:
- Receive.
- Kev ua haujlwm.
- Storage.
- Kev sib kis.
Peb thov kom txiav txim siab txhua qhov haujlwm sib cais, kom paub ze dua thiab muaj txiaj ntsig.
Tau ntaub ntawv
Nyob hauv kab lus kawg, peb tau txheeb xyuas cov haujlwm tseem ceeb, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov qhov tseeb tias qhov sib lawv liag ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug xaiv los ntawm lub sijhawm. Nov yog qhov tseeb ua ntu zus rau kev ua haujlwm nrog cov ntaub ntawv.
Ua ntej ntawm peb daim ntawv teev npe yog qhov tau txais kev ua haujlwm. Cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv thiab nws tuaj rau peb hauv ntau txoj hauv kev, uas yog, cov hauv qab no yog qhov txawv:
- Empirical.
- Theoretical.
- Mixed.
Thawj txoj hauv kev yog ua raws li kev tau txais cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj uas tuaj yeem tau txais nrog kev pab ntawm qee qhov kev ua: kev soj ntsuam, sib piv, ntsuas, sim, kev soj ntsuam, kuaj, sib tham, thiab lwm yam.tom ntej no.
Pab pawg thib ob suav nrog txoj hauv kev tsim cov kev xav, thiab pab pawg thib peb ua ke ob qho tib si thawj thiab thib ob txoj hauv kev.
Kev ua haujlwm
Ua ntej, cov ntaub ntawv tau txais, tom qab ntawd yuav tsum ua tiav. Cov txheej txheem no tshwm sim hauv ntau theem. Cia peb ua piv txwv txog kev lag luam. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem pib nrog kev sau cov ntaub ntawv. Ib lub tuam txhab nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm nws cov dej num nrog txhua qhov kev ua nrog cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg. Rau kev ua cov ntaub ntawv, kev faib ua haujlwm yog siv, raws li koj paub, tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv yog cov lej uas muaj ib lossis ntau tus cim. Yog tias peb xav txog kev them nyiaj, ces cov ntaub ntawv yuav muaj (kwv yees) tus lej neeg ua haujlwm, tus lej lej, txoj haujlwm, thiab lwm yam. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv no, tus neeg ua haujlwm cov nyiaj hli raug xam.
Cia
Kev ua tiav thiab khaws cov ntaub ntawv yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb, ib qho uas peb tau txheeb xyuas lawm. Cia peb mus rau kauj ruam tom ntej. Vim li cas peb khaws cov ntaub ntawv? Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias yuav luag txhua cov ntaub ntawv xav tau ntau zaus. Txhua cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia yog "kawg", thiab nws tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi ntawm qhov nruab nrab peb tham txog, lawv tuaj yeem yog pob zeb, ntoo, ntawv, zaj duab xis, disk, thiab lwm yam, koj tsis tuaj yeem sau lawv tag nrho. Yog tias koj saib ntawm daim ntawv, lub pob zeb nrog cov ntawv carved, ces txhua yam yooj yim ntawm no - peb pom cov ntaub ntawv nrog qhov muag liab qab. Tab sis raws li rau discs, films, flash drives, qhov no yog me ntsis nyuaj, koj xav tau tshwj xeeb pab kiag li lawm los nyeem cov ntaub ntawv. Tab sis qhov no yog ib qho ntxiv, uas yog, kev sau ntawv lossis kev nyeem ntawv tuaj yeem ua tautag nrho automated txheej txheem.
Kev xa tawm
Qhov no yog txheej txheem thaum lub sijhawm cov ntaub ntawv txav mus rau hauv qhov chaw, nws suav nrog ntau yam khoom: qhov chaw, tus neeg txais, tus nqa khoom, cov ntaub ntawv xa tawm nruab nrab. Cia peb saib ib qho piv txwv theem pib. Koj hlawv cov yeeb yaj kiab rau hauv ib lub disc thiab coj mus rau koj tus phooj ywg. Qhov no yog kev hloov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, qhov twg lub hauv paus yog koj lub computer, xov xwm yog ib tug disk, tus neeg txais kev pab yog ib tug phooj ywg. Cov txheej txheem no kuj tshwm sim thaum hloov cov ntaub ntawv hauv Is Taws Nem, tsuas yog koj tsis tas yuav mus qhov twg.
