Cov neeg uas nyuam qhuav pib paub txog chemistry thiab nws cov hom kev tsim los ntawm ntau yam tshuaj thiab sib npaug yuav tsum paub qee cov cai siv hauv kev xyaum thoob ntiaj teb. Cov piv txwv hauv qab no yuav pab koj nkag siab tias cov ntawv nkag 3H, 2H2O, 5O2 txhais li cas thiab cov ntaub ntawv twg tau txais los ntawm cov lej thiab cov ntawv no.
Tus lej hauv kab lus thiab lawv hom ua tau
Yog tias koj nyeem cov kab lus los ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis, qhov hu ua coefficients yeej ib txwm sau ua ntej. Cov ntsuas no qhia tus lej ntawm cov khoom lossis cov khoom (atoms, molecules, ions, moles) koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nws yog kev cai los sau cov coefficients hauv Arabic cov lej: feem ntau cov no yog txhua tus lej zoo (1, 2, 3 …), tshwj tsis yog peb tab tom tham txog qhov sib npaug, qhov twg lawv tuaj yeem sau ua feem ntau (1/2, 1/ 3, 1/4 …).
Piv txwv li, cov lej hauv cov ntawv sau 3H, 2H2O thiab 5O2 hauv chemistry txhais tau hais tias peb tau muab 3 hydrogen atoms H, 2 thiab 5 dej molecules H2O thiab gaseous. oxygen O 2nce. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias thawj qhov piv txwv tsis raug, vim atomic H tsis muaj nyob rau hauv qhov, tab sis tam sim no tsuas yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug molecule H2 los yog nyob rau hauv kev daws raws li ib tug zoo them ion. H
Yog hais tias ib qho los yog cov khoom muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog qhov sib npaug ntawm cov lus, piv txwv li, chlorine ion 1Cl- los yog sulfuric acid molecule 1H 2 SO 4, coefficient "1" raug tshem tawm thiab sau yam tsis muaj nws: Cl- thiab H2 SO 4.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev sau ntawv sib npaug hauv ib daim ntawv dav dav, tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm polymerization, polycondensation, electrolysis thiab lwm yam tshuaj sib cuam tshuam, nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm qhov teeb meem, cov ntawv ntawm cov khoom siv los yog cov khoom siv tau, xws n,y,z. Cov coefficient n feem ntau txhais tau tias muaj pes tsawg tus lej, nws yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si ntawm qhov sib npaug (piv txwv 1), thiab lwm yam tsiaj ntawv ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv Askiv qhia tsis paub uas yuav tsum tau pom raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov teeb meem (piv txwv 2).
Cov lus qhia thiab lawv cov ntaub ntawv
Cov cim ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv Askiv hauv cov ntaub ntawv 3H, 2H2O thiab 5O2 txhais tau hais tias cov tshuaj muaj qee yam tshuaj lom neeg, nrog rau lawv cov tshuaj. Xws li kev nkag tsis muaj tus lej nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej hu ua cov tshuaj formula. Yog li, cov ntaub ntawv 3H+, 2H2O thiab 5O2 txhais tau tias, cia peb hais, 3 hydrogen ions, 2 thiab 5 dej thiab oxygen molecules, feem, koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tab sis cov kab lus zoo li no kuj tuaj yeem qhia hauv cov ntawv nyeem thiab cais los ntawmKev sib npaug raws li kev piav qhia ntawm cov tshuaj reactants lossis cov khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Subscript cov cim thiab lawv cov npe
Cov tshuaj muaj peev xwm suav nrog ntau lub atoms ntawm tus kheej cov ntsiab lus, nrog rau cov tebchaw lawv tus kheej muaj cov units rov ua dua, nyob ntawm lawv qhov xwm txheej thiab cov qauv. Txhawm rau qhia tus lej ntawm qee qhov hais, cov lej sau npe lossis cov ntawv raug siv, uas muaj tib lub npe raws li lub ntsiab coefficients. Piv txwv li, tus lej qis hauv cov ntawv nkag 3H+, 2H2O thiab 5O2 txhais tau tias cov cim zoo li no tsuas yog nyob hauv cov ions nyuaj xws li [Cu(NH3) 4 2+
Cov ntawv yog siv rau hauv cov ntawv sau ua npe rau qee tus lej ntawm atom lossis units (n), nrog rau tus lej tsis paub ntawm atoms hauv cov tebchaw thaum tsim teeb meem (a, b, x, y).
