Kev hloov pauv ib txwm tshwm sim sai sai. Cov khoom siv caj ces ntawm lub cev hloov pauv: qee yam tshwm sim hauv chromosomes lossis cov noob, thiab cov kev hloov no feem ntau pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab. Qee zaum, qhov tshwm sim yog qhov hnyav, thiab qee zaum qhov tshwm sim ua rau lub cev tuag taus. Kev hloov pauv tsis tshwm sim ntawm nws tus kheej. Qhov laj thawj yeej ib txwm muaj qhov mutagenic.
Dab tsi yog mutagenic yam?
Kev hloov pauv tshwm sim hauv cov noob caj noob ces thiab chromosomes yog kawm los ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm noob caj noob ces. Nws kuj muab cov lus txhais kev tshawb fawb ntawm mutagens.
Mutagenic yam yog cov tshuaj lom neeg lossis lub cev ua haujlwm uas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov khoom siv caj ces ntawm lub cell. Cov xwm txheej ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm no yuav txawv, thiab lawv cov kev faib tawm yog nyob ntawm qhov kev qhia no.
Type of mutagens
Nyob ntawm lawv lub hauv paus chiv keeb, lub cev, tshuaj thiab lom mutagens raug cais tawm. Txhua yam mutagenic tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau ib qho ntawm peb pawg tseem ceeb no.
Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov neeg ua phem rau lub xovtooj tuaj yeem raug coj musncaj qha rau ntawm DNA, thiab tom qab ntawd cov molecule ntawm cov khoom siv caj ces poob nws cov qauv qub. Qee cov mutagens cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm tes, thiab vim li ntawd, cov khoom siv los ntawm cov noob tau muab faib tsis raug. Txawm li cas los xij, kuj tseem muaj cov tshuaj uas tsis tuaj yeem faib ua mutagens los ntawm lawv tus kheej. Tab sis qhov cuam tshuam ntawm xws li tshuaj lom neeg ntawm qee cov enzymes hloov nws mus rau hauv qhov tseeb mutagenic. Cov tshuaj uas muaj mutagenic "muaj peev xwm" hu ua promutagens.
Mutagenic yam. Piv txwv
Mutagens ntawm lub cev keeb kwm muaj xws li qhov chaw ntawm ionizing hluav taws xob, raug rau ultraviolet hluav taws xob, qhov kub thiab txias txawv txav, av noo.
Piv txwv li, hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ultraviolet wavelengths siab tshaj 260 nm yog nqus los ntawm cov nplooj ntoo ntawm tes thiab ua rau tsim cov pyrimidine dimers uas tsis zoo (cov khoom sib xyaw hauv DNA saw) hauv nws, uas, dhau los, ua rau kev nyeem cov caj ces tsis zoo. khoom. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov hlwb tshiab tau txais DNA molecules nrog "tsis ncaj ncees lawm" qauv.
Ntau yam tshuaj raug cais ua mutagens thiab promutagens. Piv txwv yog cov pa oxygen reactive, nitrates thiab nitrites, qee cov hlau, tshuaj, thiab cov khoom uas tsis muaj nyob hauv cov xwm txheej ua ntej kev tshwm sim ntawm noob neej (khoom siv hauv tsev, khoom noj khoom haus thiab khoom noj khoom haus).
Piv txwv li, tus poj niam cev xeeb tub tej zaum yuav tsis paub txog nws tus mob thiab tej zaum yuav tau noj qee yam tshuaj tua kab mob uas tsim kev puas tsuaj rau tus menyuam hauv plab. Yog li ntawd, tus menyuam yuav loj hlob tuajCongenital kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv.
Kev lom neeg mutagens suav nrog cov kab mob, kab mob, cov khoom pov tseg ntawm qee cov protozoa thiab kab mob cab.
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev nthuav tawm cov tshuaj lom neeg mus rau lub cell yog txheej txheem hu ua kis kab mob mutagenesis. Piv txwv li, tus kab mob Helicobacter pylori, uas nyob hauv cov hnyuv thiab plab ntawm tus neeg, tuaj yeem ua rau cov txheej txheem inflammatory hauv mucosa. Inflammation hloov cov txheej txheem ntawm redox cov txheej txheem hauv cov hlwb puas, uas kuj hloov cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv caj ces hauv lawv. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kho DNA thiab cov chav kawm ntawm ib txwm faib ntawm cov molecule raug cuam tshuam. Qhov tshwm sim yog kev hloov pauv.
Ib ob peb lo lus hais txog tus txheej txheem ntawm mutagenesis
Mutagenesis yog txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov nws tus kheej. Los ntawm cov txheej txheem dab tsi tuaj yeem tshwm sim?
Qhov muaj zog mutagenic yam ua rau lub npe hu ua chromosomal instability. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom siv caj ces yog faib tsis sib npaug hauv cov hlwb sib faib, lossis cov qauv ntawm cov chromosome hloov pauv. Piv txwv li, ob lub chromosomes nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm tus neeg sawv cev hnyav pauv lawv qhov chaw.
Qhov cuam tshuam mutagenic tuaj yeem hloov pauv DNA nucleic acid ib ntus. Interestingly, cov kev hloov pauv no ua rau tuag taus lossis ua rau muaj kab mob hnyav heev thaum cov nucleotides tseem ceeb raug cuam tshuam, tab sis lawv tuaj yeem tshwm sim yam tsis muaj kab mob yog tias cov nucleic acid sequences tsis puas.
Yuav tiv thaiv koj tus kheej li cas los ntawm kev raugmutagens?
Mutagenic yam tsis muaj nyob txhua qhov chaw, yog li kev siv qee yam kev tiv thaiv tseem yuav muaj txiaj ntsig.
Antioxidants yog ib pawg tseem ceeb ntawm cov tebchaw uas tiv thaiv cov teebmeem ntawm carcinogens. Lawv tuaj yeem pab thiab tiv thaiv txhua hom tshuaj tua kab mob. Piv txwv ntawm antioxidants yog cov vitamins A, B thiab E, beta-carotene thiab flavonoids. Cov tshuaj no muaj nyob rau hauv ntau qhov ntau hauv zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo, nrog rau hauv tshuaj yej ntsuab.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau sim tiv thaiv koj tus kheej kom tsis txhob raug cov kab mob phem xws li hluav taws xob UV lossis cov pa luam yeeb. Piv txwv li, Australia muaj neeg coob coob ntawm cov neeg tawv nqaij ncaj ncees thiab feem ntau muaj hnub ci. Qhov xwm txheej ntawm melanoma hauv lub tebchaws no yog hmoov tsis zoo.
Noj tshuaj tua kab mob nrog kev saib xyuas, nco ntsoov noj zaub mov, thiab sim txo koj cov khoom noj kom tsawg. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, tau kawg, nws yuav ua raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev noj qab haus huv.
Mutagenic ib puag ncig yam muaj zog. Txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv koj tus kheej los ntawm lawv cov teebmeem yog tias koj mob siab rau koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv.
