Izyaslav Mstislavich, Grand Duke ntawm Kyiv: xyoo ntawm lub neej thiab kav

Cov txheej txheem:

Izyaslav Mstislavich, Grand Duke ntawm Kyiv: xyoo ntawm lub neej thiab kav
Izyaslav Mstislavich, Grand Duke ntawm Kyiv: xyoo ntawm lub neej thiab kav
Anonim

Tus neeg sawv cev ntawm Rurik dynasty - Izyaslav Mstislavich - yog tus tub ntawm Mstislav lub Great thiab tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm Vladimir Monomakh. Nws txiv thiab yawg yog cov thawj coj ntawm Kyiv. Nrog rau kev txiav txim ncaj qha ntawm kev ua tiav, Izyaslav tseem tuaj yeem suav rau ntawm lub zwm txwv hauv Niam ntawm Lavxias lub nroog. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau yug los hauv 1097, thiab nws lub neej laus tag nrho poob rau xyoo pua 12th - lub sijhawm ntawm kev sib cav sib ceg thiab kev nom kev tswv ntawm nws haiv neeg.

Youth

Izyaslav Mstislavich kom txog thaum kawg ntawm nws lub hnub raug yuam kom ua pov thawj nws txoj cai rau kev coj noj coj ua hauv kev tawm tsam ntau tus txiv ntxawm thiab lwm cov txheeb ze laus los ntawm Rurik dynasty. Nws tau txais thawj qhov kev paub ntawm kev kav hauv Kursk, qhov twg hauv 1125-1129. yog nws txiv lieutenant. Ces Mstislav xa nws tus tub mus rau Polotsk. Lub nroog no tau ntev mus rau ib ceg ntawm Rurikovich, luv luv tshem tawm ntawm qhov ntawd tom qab kev tsov rog ploj lawm.

Mstislav the Great, uas kav hauv Kyiv, muaj ob peb tug tub, thiab Izyaslav Mstislavich yog ob ntawm lawv. Nws tus tij laug Vsevolod tau txais Novgorod, thiab tus yau - Rostislav - tau txais los ntawm Smolensk.

Tsis muaj kev ntseeg tias Mstislav xav hloov Kyiv rau ib tus ntawm nws cov tub, txawm tiastsim kev txiav txim, raws li lub ntsiab lub nroog ntawm Russia dhau mus rau tus hlob tus tswv cuab ntawm tag nrho cov dynasty. Txog rau qhov kawg no, huab tais tau nkag mus rau hauv kev pom zoo nrog nws tus kwv yau Yaropolk. Daim ntawv cog lus yog raws li nram no. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Mstislav, tus me nyuam tsis muaj Yaropolk tau txais Kyiv thiab cog lus tias yuav hloov lub zwm txwv mus rau ib tug ntawm nws cov xeeb ntxwv. Sijhawm tau qhia tias cov kev npaj ntawd tsis tuaj yeem siv tau.

Izyaslav Mstislavich
Izyaslav Mstislavich

Novgorod

Mstislav tuag hauv 1132, thiab nws tus tub Izyaslav Mstislavich tau txais los ntawm Yaropolk thawj Pereyaslavl, thiab tom qab ntawd Turov, Pinsk thiab Minsk hloov. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tuaj yeem nyob hauv qhov chaw tshiab tau ntev. Ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, tus tub huabtais raug ncaws tawm los ntawm nws tus txiv ntxawm, Vyacheslav.

Txoj kev tsis muaj hwj chim, Izyaslav mus rau Novgorod rau nws tus tij laug Vsevolod. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus tub huabtais tau sau cov kev txhawb nqa ntawm Olgoviches, cov thawj coj ntawm thaj av Chernihiv. Cov Mstislavichs, tsis txaus siab rau lawv txoj kev sib koom, thov kom muaj txoj hmoo loj los ntawm lawv tus txiv ntxawm. Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev mob siab los ua pov thawj qhov hnyav ntawm lawv lub siab nyiam, cov kwv tij ntawm lub taub hau ntawm Novgorod cov tub rog tau txeeb North-Eastern Russia, uas yog tus tub yau ntawm Monomakh, Yuri Dolgoruky.

Vsevolod xav kom Tub Vaj Ntxwv Izyaslav Mstislavich los tuav lub Koom Txoos Rostov. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tuaj yeem pib ua tsov rog nrog tus txiv ntxawm, tshaj tawm lub hom phiaj zoo li no. Ib qho laj thawj plausible tau pom sai heev. Kev lig kev cai, Novgorodians tsis ua mov ci, tab sis yuav los ntawm lawv cov neeg nyob ze. Hnub ua ntej ntawm kev sib tw ntawm Mstislavichs, Suzdal cov tub lag luam tau nce tus nqi ntawm lawv cov khoom, uas ua rau muaj kev npau taws ntawm Vsevolod cov kev kawm.

Thaum kawg ntawm 1134, cov tub rog Novgorod, coj los ntawmMstislavichi, invaded cov khoom ntawm Yuri Dolgoruky. Cov pab pawg tau tsiv mus raws ntug dej ntawm Dubna thiab Kubri Rivers. Cov Mstislavichs tab tom tsim kev tswj hwm txoj kev dej kom txiav tawm cov nroog yav qab teb ntawm lawv txiv ntxawm ntawm sab qaum teb.

Lub Ib Hlis 26, 1135 Izyaslav Mstislavich, tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm Vladimir Monomakh, tau coj tub rog mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm roob Zhdana. Novgorodians muaj qhov zoo dua - lawv yog thawj tus tuav qhov siab tseem ceeb. Txhawm rau tsoo cov Suzdalians, pab pawg tau maj nrawm, tab sis lub sijhawm ntawd nws tig tawm tias ib feem ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Yuri Dolgoruky tau ua kev dag ntxias thiab mus rau tom qab ntawm Mstislavich cov tub rog. Novgorodians raug swb lawm, paj ntawm lawv cov tub rog thiab cov neeg aristocracy tuag, suav nrog ntau txhiab Petrilo Mikulich thiab posadnik Ivanko Pavlovich. Vsevolod cov ntsiab lus raug liam ntawm kev ua siab phem thiab ya los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Nyob rau hauv 1136, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm uprising, nws poob hwj chim. Izyaslav tsis muaj dab tsi los poob txij thaum pib, thiab tom qab swb nws txuas ntxiv kev tawm tsam rau lub zog nrog lub zog rov ua dua.

Izyaslav Mstislavich Grand Duke ntawm Kyiv
Izyaslav Mstislavich Grand Duke ntawm Kyiv

Volyn thiab Pereyaslav Prince

Dhau li tus kwv Vsevolod, Izyaslav cov phooj ywg yog Olgovichi los ntawm Chernigov. Ua ke nrog lawv, nws rov qab los ntawm North-Eastern Russia, tau mus tua Pereyaslav thiab Kyiv av. Qhov kev mus ncig no tau dhau los ua kom muaj kev vam meej dua li yav dhau los. Tsis xav ua tsov rog, Yaropolk yielded rau nws tus tub xeeb ntxwv Vladimir-Volynsky. Izyaslav kav nyob rau hauv 1135-1142

In 1139 Tub Vaj Ntxwv Yaropolk tuag. Lub zwm txwv ntawm Kyiv tau txeeb los ntawm Vsevolod Olgovich, uas yav tas los kav Chernigov. Yaropolk cov lus cog tseg ntev rau Mstislav txog kev hloov lub hwj chim rau nws tus tub xeeb ntxwv tsis muaj tseeb. Ib sabLub sijhawm Izyaslav tau los ua tus hlob ntawm cov tub nyob ntawm Mstislav. Nws tus tij laug, raug ntiab tawm ntawm Novgorod, tuag sai sai ua ntej Yaropolk.

Vsevolod Olgovich tau sib yuav rau Maria Mstislavovna, Izyaslav tus muam. Cov phooj ywg kev sib raug zoo ntawm lawv tsis ua hauj lwm tawm. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv 1135, Izyaslav muab Vladimir-Volynsky rau lub Olgovichi, thiab nyob rau hauv pauv tau txais Pereyaslavl. Qhov ze ntawm lub nroog no mus rau Kyiv sai sai ua si rau hauv lub tes ntawm tus huab tais.

Izyaslav 2 Mstislavich
Izyaslav 2 Mstislavich

Pib tsoom fwv hauv Kyiv

Vsevolod ntawm Kyiv tuag nyob rau hauv 1146. Tsis ntev ua ntej nws tuag, nws yuam Izyaslav cog lus tias nws yuav tsis coj lub zwm txwv los ntawm nws tus kwv yau Igor. Txawm li cas los xij, sai li sai tau thaum Vsevolod tuag, kev tawm tsam tau tshwm sim hauv Kyiv. Cov neeg hauv nroog tsis nyiam Olgoviches thiab xav kom kav los ntawm ib tug xeeb ntxwv ntawm Monomakh. Tsis ntev Izyaslav tau tuav lub nroog. Igor sim tiv thaiv nws tus kheej. Nws taug kev tawm tsam tus nrog sib ntaus nrog ib pab tub rog, tab sis tau swb thiab ntes tau bogged hauv dej ntws.

Qhov tseeb tias Izyaslav Mstislavich yog Grand Duke ntawm Kyiv npau taws rau nws txiv ntxawm. Vyacheslav, uas ib zaug tshem tawm nws cov tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm Turov, tshaj tawm nws txoj cai, tab sis tam sim no nws tus kheej raug deprived ntawm nws qub txeeg qub teg. Pereyaslavl, qhov twg Izyaslav kav mus txog rau thaum Kyiv, kuj tseem nyob rau hauv nws tswj. Hauv Turov, nws cog nws tus tub Yaroslav ua tus tswv xeev. Pereyaslavl tau txais tus qub txeeg qub teg Mstislav.

Meanwhile, ua yeeb yam tau tshwm sim hauv Kyiv. Tsis muaj hwj chim, Igor Olgovich raug xa los ntawm Izyaslav mus rau lub tsev teev ntuj. Nyob ntawd nws tau los ua ib tug mlom thiab coj lub neej nyob ntsiag to. Tab sis txawm tias Igor txoj kev txo hwj chim siab ntsws tsis tau cawm nws ntawm cov neeg npau taws. Nyob rau hauv 1147, ib pab pawg neeg ntawm Kyivans dua staged riots nyob rau hauv lub nroog thiabtsoo mus rau hauv lub monastery qhov twg tus huab tais degraced nyob. Igor raug torn rau daim, thiab nws lub cev raug tsim txom rau pej xeem. Izyaslav tsis tau nqhis dej, nws tsis tau npaj kev tua neeg phem no, tab sis nws yog tus uas yuav tsum tau ris lub luag haujlwm rau nws.

Tub huabtais Izyaslav Mstislavich
Tub huabtais Izyaslav Mstislavich

Khiav kev sib cav sib ceg

Tus tua Igor tso nws tus tij laug Svyatoslav Seversky. Tom qab tau txais xov xwm ntawm qhov txaus ntshai txoj hmoo ntawm ib tug txheeb ze, nws tau los ua ib tug implacable yeeb ncuab ntawm lub Kiev tub huabtais. Izyaslav II Mstislavich muaj lwm tus neeg tawm tsam. Yuri Dolgoruky tseem yog tus nquag nquag ntawm lawv. Tus tub yau ntawm Monomakh txuas ntxiv kav Rostov thiab Suzdal. Xa mus rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj Zalesye los ntawm nws txiv, txij li thaum ntxov nws tsis txaus siab rau nws feem. Yuri tau ntxhov siab rau nws tus tub xeeb ntxwv, uas tshwm sim nyob ze Kiev thaum lub sijhawm thaum cov neeg ntawm Kiev tau tawm tsam tawm tsam Olgovichi.

Dolgoruky tau txais nws lub npe menyuam yaus vim yog vim li cas. Nws ambitions los ntawm lub Rostov-Suzdal av txuas mus rau tag nrho cov ntawm Russia. Yuri tau sib sau ua ke tag nrho cov koom haum tawm tsam Izyaslav. Tus twb hais Svyatoslav Seversky, nrog rau Vladimirko Galitsky (nws xav khaws cia kev ywj pheej ntawm Galicia los ntawm Kyiv), nkag mus rau hauv lub union. Thaum kawg, ntawm sab ntawm Dolgoruky yog Polovtsy, uas nws cov kev pabcuam dubious nws ib txwm siv yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam.

Izyaslav nyob rau hauv kev ua tsov ua rog tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm nws tus kwv yau Rostislav Smolensky, Vladimir Davydovich Chernigov, Rostislav Yaroslavich Ryazan thiab Novgorodians. Nws kuj tau txais kev pab los ntawm huab tais ntawm Hungary, Czech koom pheej thiab Poland.

Tsov rog rau kev tswj hwm

Thaum thawj theem, kev sib cav sib ceg sib ntaus sib tuaChernihiv av. Davydovichs nrhiav kom deprived Svyatoslav ntawm nws ntau. Thaum Tub Vaj Ntxwv Izyaslav Mstislavich thiab Yuri Dolgoruky tau txiav txim siab txoj hmoo ntawm Kyiv, lwm tus Ruriks kuj tau sim ua raws li lawv tus kheej nyiam. Txhua leej txhua tus tau ua rog nrog txhua tus. Izyaslav xa nws tus tub Mstislav nrog Berendeys thiab Pereyaslavtsy mus rau Novgorod-Seversky besieged los ntawm Davydovichs. Twb tsis tau lub fortress.

Tom qab ntawd Izyaslav Mstislavich, Grand Duke ntawm Kyiv, nws tus kheej nrog nws cov retinue nce mus rau Novgorod. Svyatoslav thawj zaug rov qab mus rau Karachev, thiab tom qab ntawd, ua ke nrog Yuri, tawm tsam Smolensk cov khoom. Qhov kev hloov pauv hauv kev ua tsov ua rog tau tshwm sim tom qab Davydovichi sib haum xeeb nrog tus huab tais Seversk. Izyaslav II Mstislavich, luv luv, tsis zoo siab rau qhov tau tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv 1148, ua ke nrog cov tub rog Hungarian, nws invaded lub Chernigov muaj. Kev sib ntaus sib tua tsis tau tshwm sim. Tom qab sawv ze Lyubech, tus huab tais Kyiv rov qab.

Izyaslav Mstislavich tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm Vladimir Monomakh
Izyaslav Mstislavich tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm Vladimir Monomakh

Txhob Cia Siab

Xyoo 1149, Izyaslav 2 Mstislavich ua kev thaj yeeb nrog ob lub Davydovichs thiab Svyatoslav Seversky. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib tug ntawm cov tub ntawm Yuri Dolgoruky, Rostislav, tuaj rau nws cov kev pab cuam, tsis txaus siab rau qhov tseeb hais tias nws txiv deprived nws ntawm nws qub txeeg qub teg. Tom qab ntawd, Izyaslav, ua ke nrog Rostislav ntawm Smolensk thiab cov Novgorodians, tau tawm ntawm kev sib tw hauv North-Eastern Russia. Cov tub rog pab tub rog tau nyiag ntau yam ntawm Yuri cov khoom. 7 txhiab tus neeg raug kaw.

Ntawm nws rov qab los rau Kyiv, Izyaslav tau sib cav nrog Rostislav Yurievich, liam nws ntawm kev ntxeev siab thiab muab nws lub qub txeeg qub teg. Dolgoruky coj kom zoo dua ntawm qhov tseeb tias nws tus tub poob rau hauv kev txaj muag thiab, tau txais lwm tusib qho kev zam txim rau kev tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab, tau mus taug kev mus rau sab qab teb. Nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim siab sib ntaus sib tua nyob ze Pereyaslavl nyob rau hauv Lub yim hli ntuj 1149, lub Kyiv tub huabtais twb swb lawm. Yuri Dolgoruky ua tiav nws txoj kev npau suav qub thiab tau txais lub peev txheej qub. Nws zoo nkaus li tias Izyaslav Mstislavich (1146-1149) yuav tsis muaj kev tswj hwm ntawm Kyiv lawm, tab sis nws tsis txawm xav tias yuav tso tseg.

Volyn phiaj xwm

Tau poob Kyiv, Izyaslav tuav Volyn. Nws tau nyob ntawd tias kev ua tsov rog internecine tsiv mus. Ntawm no, nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm Russia, kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov vaj ntxwv ntawm Czech koom pheej, Poland thiab Hungary yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pab tau rau nws. Yuri cov tub rog nteg siege rau lub fortress ntawm Lutsk, tiv thaiv uas yog coj los ntawm Vladimir Mstislavich.

Izyaslav, nrog rau nws cov phoojywg sab hnub poob, tuaj cawm lub nroog thaum nws twb xav tias muaj dej tsis txaus. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib ntaus sib tua tsis tshwm sim. Cov neeg tawm tsam tau pom zoo tias Izyaslav yuav tso tseg nws cov lus thov rau lub zwm txwv ntawm Kyiv, thiab Yuri yuav muab nws xaiv Novgorod tribute. Raws li ib txwm muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm muaj kev kub ntxhov, cov ntawv cog lus no yeej tsis tau ua tiav qhov tseeb.

xyoo ntawm kev kav Izyaslav Mstislavich
xyoo ntawm kev kav Izyaslav Mstislavich

Return to Kyiv

Xyoo 1151, Izyaslav, koom nrog Hungarian detachment xa los ntawm King Geza II, rov nyob hauv Kyiv. Thaum lub sij hawm lub phiaj los nqis tes, lub ntsiab hem rau nws yog Vladimirko Galitsky, los ntawm cov uas nws muaj peev xwm mus rhuav tshem nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug dag maneuver. Yuriy tawm hauv Kyiv, tiag tiag surrendering nws yam tsis muaj kev tawm tsam. Volodymyrko Galitsky, npau taws nrog kev tsis ua haujlwm ntawm cov phoojywg, kuj tau tso tseg kev ua tsov rog.

Yog li, hauv Kyiv, xyoo ntawm kev kav Izyaslav Mstislavich txuas ntxiv(1151-1154). Lub sij hawm no nws tsis txaus siab thiab caw Vyacheslav rau nws qhov chaw, nrog rau tus uas nws tau officially reigned txij thaum ntawd los. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus txiv ntxawm thiab tus tub xeeb ntxwv tsis tuaj yeem hu ua qhov zoo: lawv raug kev txom nyem ntau yam kev sib cav sib ceg thiab kev thuam. Tam sim no cov thawj coj thaum kawg tau sib haum xeeb. Tus tub xeeb ntxwv, ua lub cim taw qhia, muab lub palace rau nws tus txiv ntxawm thiab ua rau nws zoo li txiv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhua qhov kev txiav txim siab tau ua los ntawm Izyaslav Mstislavich. Txoj cai tswjfwm hauv tebchaws thiab txawv tebchaws ntawm tus tub huabtais yog nyob ntawm kev ua tsov rog. Tsis tau muaj ib lub sijhawm ntev ntawm kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb thaum nws kav.

Yuri Dolgoruky, uas rov qab mus rau thaj av Rostov-Suzdal, yuav tsis tso nws lub siab nyiam. Nyob rau hauv 1151, nws rov qab mus rau sab qab teb nrog nws retinue. Yuri tau txhawb nqa los ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm Chernigov thiab Polovtsians. Txhawm rau tawm tsam Kyiv, nws yog qhov tsim nyog ua ntej kom yuam Dnieper. Thawj qhov kev sim hla tau tshwm sim ze Vyshgorod. Izyaslav tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev xa ib lub nkoj ntawm ntau lub nkoj nyob ntawd.

Pab tub rog ntawm Suzdal tub huabtais tsis thim rov qab thiab rov sim lawv txoj hmoo ntawm lwm ntu ntawm tus dej. Thaum hla lub Zarubinsky ford, nws mus txog Kyiv. Lub detachment ua ntej, uas muaj feem ntau ntawm Polovtsy, raug puas tsuaj nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub nroog. Khan Bonyak tuag hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Yuri Dolgoruky, cia siab rau kev pab ntawm Vladimir Galitsky, rov qab mus rau sab hnub poob, tab sis sai sai no yeej nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm tus dej Ruta. Kev sib ntaus sib tua raug nqi lub neej ntawm Chernigov tub huabtais Vladimir Davydovich. Izyaslav tuaj yeem kov yeej. Yuri Dolgoruky tsuas muaj Kursk sab laug nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Russia.

Izyaslav II Mstislavich
Izyaslav II Mstislavich

xyoo tshiab

Kev sib cav sib cegtiv thaiv cov tub huabtais los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tawm tsam tiag tiag - Polovtsians. Tom qab tau txais lub foothold hauv Kyiv, Izyaslav ob zaug xa nws cov tub nrog pab tub rog mus rau steppe. Cov kev mus ncig tau ua tiav. Kyiv av tau ntau xyoo tsis nco qab txog kev puas tsuaj invasions. Nyob rau hauv 1152, cov phooj ywg Izyaslav Mstislavich Izyaslav Davydovich raug kaw los ntawm Dolgoruky nyob rau hauv Chernigov. Tus huab tais ntawm Kyiv ntawm lub taub hau ntawm pab tub rog mus rau nws cawm. Yuri yuav tsum tau thim rov qab.

Izyaslav tus nrog sib tw kuj tseem yog Vladimirko Galitsky. Xyoo 1152, cov neeg Hungarians tau kov yeej nws ntawm tus dej San. Ces Izyaslav nws tus kheej mus rau Galicia. Vladimirko ua kev thaj yeeb nrog nws thiab tsis ntev tuag. Nws tus tub thiab qub txeeg qub teg, Yaroslav Osmomysl, lees paub Izyaslav ua tus txwj laus, tab sis qhov tseeb tau ua raws li txoj cai ywj pheej, uas ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Kiev tub huabtais yeej nws nyob ze Terebovl. Nov yog kev sib ntaus sib tua loj kawg ntawm tus thawj coj.

Izyaslav Mstislavich (los yog Vladimirovich, los yog, Monomashevich - uas yog, tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm Vladimir Monomakh) tuag nyob rau hauv 1154 nyob rau hauv Kyiv. Nws txoj kev tuag ua rau muaj kev tu siab heev ntawm cov neeg hauv nroog. Izyaslav nyiam tib neeg txoj kev hlub, nws tsis tu ncua nrog tib neeg noj mov thiab hais lus ntawm ib lub rooj sib tham xws li nws yawg koob yawg koob Yaroslav the Wise. Tus tub huabtais raug faus rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Theodore, ua los ntawm nws txiv Mstislav the Great.

Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Izyaslav, kev sib ntaus sib tua ntev tsis tau nres. Kyiv dhau ntawm tes mus rau tes. Nyob rau hauv 1169, nws raug hlawv thiab plundered los ntawm tus txais txiaj ntsig ntawm Yuri Dolgoruky Andrei Bogolyubsky, tom qab ntawd nws poob nws qhov tseem ceeb ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev nom kev tswv ntawm Russia. Cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Izyaslav muab lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv Volhynia. Nws tus tub xeeb ntxwv Danil Romanovichkoom ua ke tag nrho Southwestern Russia thiab txawm ris lub npe ntawm huab tais ntawm Russia.

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