Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj yog suav tias yog ntshav siab tshaj plaws rau cov neeg Soviet. Nws tau thov, raws li qee cov ntaub ntawv qhia, txog 40 lab lub neej. Qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb pib vim muaj kev cuam tshuam tam sim ntawm Wehrmacht cov tub rog ntawm USSR thaum Lub Rau Hli 22, 1941.
Yam yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau kev tsim ntawm Karelian Front
Adolf Hitler, yam tsis tau ceeb toom, tau muab cov lus txib kom tawm tsam loj thoob plaws tag nrho cov kab pem hauv ntej. Lub USSR, tsis npaj rau kev tiv thaiv, raug kev txom nyem ib tug swb tom qab lwm nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo ntawm tsov rog. Xyoo 1941 yog xyoo nyuaj tshaj plaws rau Tub Rog Liab, thiab Wehrmacht tuaj yeem ncav cuag Moscow nws tus kheej.
Kev sib ntaus sib tua tseem ceeb tau tawm tsam ntawm Stalingrad, Moscow, Leningrad thiab lwm yam kev qhia. Txawm li cas los xij, Nazis kuj tau sim kov yeej ntau thaj chaw sab qaum teb. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov no los ntawm qhov tshwm sim, Sab Qaum Teb Sab Qab Teb tau tsim, uas Karelian Front yog subordinate.
History of Creation
Lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Loj Loj, Karelian Front tau raug hu kom tiv thaiv tus yeeb ncuab los ntawm kev nkag mus rau Arctic. Kev sib ntaus sib tua tau tsim thaum Lub Yim Hli 23, 1941. Nws tau ua raws li kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Northern Front. Lub pob txha yog cov rog ntawm cov tub rog 7 thiab 14th. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim kev sib txuas, ob leeg tub rogsib ntaus sib tua rau txoj kab ntev ntev: los ntawm Barents Hiav Txwv mus rau Lake Ladoga. Nws yuav raug hu ua "Txoj Kev ntawm Lub Neej" yav tom ntej. Lub hauv paus chaw ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv Belomorsk, uas nyob rau hauv Karelo-Finnish Soviet koom pheej.
Lub Northern Fleet muab kev txhawb nqa rau Karelian Front thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb uas cov neeg tua rog yuav tsum tau tiv nrog yog txhawm rau txhawm rau sab qaum teb ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm USSR.
7th Army tau thim tawm ntawm Karelian Front hauv xyoo 1941. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1942, peb pab tub rog ntxiv tau koom nrog, thiab thaum kawg ntawm tib lub xyoo, cov tub rog ntawm 7th Air Army kuj tau koom nrog. Tub rog thib 7 rov qab los rau pem hauv ntej tsuas yog xyoo 1944.
Thawj Tus Thawj Tub Ceev Xwm ntawm Karelian Front ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob yog Tus Thawj Tub Ceev Xwm ntawm Red Army V. A. Frolov, uas tau txib cov tub rog Soviet nyob rau hauv qhov kev coj mus txog rau Lub Ob Hlis 1944. Los ntawm Lub Ob Hlis mus txog Kaum Ib Hlis 1944 Marshal ntawm USSR K. A. Meretskov coj pem hauv ntej.
Sib ntaus
Tam sim lub Yim Hli 1941, ib hlis thiab ib nrab tom qab muaj kev tawm tsam, tus yeeb ncuab tau mus txog Karelian pem hauv ntej. Nrog kev poob hnyav, cov tub rog ntawm Red Army tuaj yeem nres kev ua ntej ntawm Wehrmacht rog thiab mus tiv thaiv. Tus yeeb ncuab xav tuav lub Arctic, thiab cov tub rog ntawm Karelian Front tau ua haujlwm los tiv thaiv thaj av no los ntawm Pawg Tub Rog North.
Kev ua haujlwm los tiv thaiv Arctic tau siv sijhawm los ntawm 1941 txog 1944 - txog thaum kawg yeej ntawm Wehrmacht units hauv USSR. Xyoo 1941, cov tub rog kuj tau koom nrog kev tiv thaiv ntawm ArcticBritish Air Force, uas tau muab kev txhawb nqa tseem ceeb rau cov tub rog hauv av thiab lub nkoj ntawm Red Army. Kev pab los ntawm UK yog qhov tsim nyog, vim tias Nazis yeej nyob hauv huab cua.
Cov tub rog ntawm Karelian Front tuav txoj kab raws li kab hauv qab no: Zapadnaya Litsa River - Ukhta - Povenets - Lake Onega - tus dej Svir. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 4, tus yeeb ncuab tuaj yeem ncav cuag Western Litsa River, rau qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav pib. Ntshav tiv thaiv ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm 52nd Infantry Division ntawm Karelian Front. Nws tau txais kev txhawb nqa ntau heev los ntawm Marine Corps.
Cov Tub Rog ntawm Karelian Front tau koom nrog kev ua haujlwm tiv thaiv Murmansk. Lawv tau tswj kom nres qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm qhov kev taw qhia no. Tom qab ntawd, cov lus txib German txiav txim siab tias lawv yuav tsis sim coj lub nroog Murmansk xyoo 1941.
Twb nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo tom ntej, cov Nazis rov xav ua lub sijhawm tseem tsis tau mus txog - Murmansk. Ib feem ntawm Cov Tub Rog Liab, dhau los, tau npaj los ua kev tawm tsam txhawm rau txhawm rau thawb cov tub rog Wehrmacht hla ciam teb ntawm USSR. Murmansk kev tawm tsam tau ua tiav ntxov dua li cov neeg German tau npaj los tua lawv. Nws tsis tau ua tiav ntau yam, tab sis tsis tau muab sijhawm rau Nazis los tua lawv tus kheej kev tawm tsam. Los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm kev ua haujlwm Murmansk, pem hauv ntej hauv qhov haujlwm no tau ruaj khov mus txog xyoo 1944.
Medvezhyegorsk haujlwm
Lub Ib Hlis 3, cov tub rog ntawm Karelian Front tau pib ua haujlwm ntxiv - Medvezhyegorsk, uas tau kav mus txog Lub Ib Hlis 10tib 1942. Cov tub rog Soviet nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no tau poob qis rau cov yeeb ncuab ob qho tib si hauv cov lej thiab khoom siv, thiab hauv kev cob qhia cov tub rog. Cov yeeb ncuab muaj kev paub ntau ntxiv hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv thaj chaw ntoo.
Thaum sawv ntxov Lub Ib Hlis 3, Tub Rog Liab tau tawm tsam nrog kev npaj phom me me. Ib feem ntawm cov tub rog Finnish tau hnov mob sai sai rau qhov kev tawm tsam thiab pib ua kom muaj kev tawm tsam tsis txaus ntseeg rau cov tub rog Soviet. Cov lus txib ntawm Karelian Front ua tsis tau zoo ua tib zoo npaj cov phiaj xwm tawm tsam. Cov tub rog tau ua tus qauv, tawm tsam tib qho kev taw qhia, vim tias cov yeeb ncuab tuaj yeem ua tiav kev tawm tsam lawv. Kev tiv thaiv zoo ntawm cov tub rog Finnish ua rau poob loj heev ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Liab.
Kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav, uas tsis muaj kev vam meej, txuas ntxiv mus txog Lub Ib Hlis 10th. Cov tub rog Soviet tseem muaj peev xwm nce mus txog 5 km thiab txhim kho lawv txoj haujlwm. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 10, cov yeeb ncuab tau txais kev txhawb nqa, thiab kev tawm tsam tau nres. Cov tub rog Finnish tau txiav txim siab rov qab mus rau lawv txoj haujlwm dhau los, tab sis cov tub rog ntawm Karelian Front muaj peev xwm tawm tsam lawv qhov kev tawm tsam. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, cov tub rog Soviet tseem tau tswj kom tso lub zos Velikaya Guba.
Svirsko-Petrozavodsk lag luam
Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1944, kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav dua tom qab lub lull txij li xyoo 1943. Cov tub rog Soviet, uas twb tau xyaum tshem tawm cov tub rog Wehrmacht los ntawm thaj chaw ntawm USSR, ua haujlwm Svir-Petrozavodsk. Nws pib thaum Lub Rau Hli 21, 1944 thiab txuas ntxiv mus txog Lub Yim Hli 9 ntawm tib lub xyoo. Kev tawm tsam rau lub Rau Hli 21 tau pib los ntawmloj heev artillery npaj thiab ib tug muaj zog cua tawm tsam ntawm lub defensive txoj hauj lwm ntawm tus yeeb ncuab. Tom qab ntawd, kev kov yeej ntawm tus dej Svir pib, thiab thaum lub sij hawm sib ntaus sib tua, cov tub rog Soviet tswj tuav ib tug choj taub hau ntawm lwm sab. Thawj hnub, kev tawm tsam loj tau ua tiav - cov tub rog ntawm Karelian Front nce mus txog 6 mais. Hnub thib ob ntawm kev ua phem tau ua tiav ntau dua - Cov Tub Rog Liab tau tswj hwm thawb cov yeeb ncuab rov qab dua 12 mais.
Lub Rau Hli 23, Tub Rog 7 tau pib tawm tsam. Qhov kev tawm tsam loj tau tsim ua tiav, thiab cov tub rog Finnish tau pib nrawm nrawm rau hnub tom qab txij li pib ua haujlwm. Cov tub rog Finnish tsis tuaj yeem tuav qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm ib qho ntawm sab xub ntiag thiab raug yuam kom thim mus rau Vidlitsa River, qhov chaw lawv tau tuav txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev tawm tsam ntawm 32nd Army tau tsim, uas tau tswj hwm lub nroog Medvezhyegorsk, uas tsis tau ua tiav xyoo 1942. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 28, Tub Rog Liab tau tawm tsam tawm tsam lub nroog tseem ceeb dua - Petrozavodsk. Ua ke nrog cov tub rog ntawm Red Army fleet, lub nroog tau dim hnub tom qab. Ob tog raug kev puas tsuaj loj hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua no. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tub rog Finnish tsis muaj zog tshiab, thiab lawv raug yuam kom tawm hauv nroog.
Lub Xya Hli 2, Karelian Front pib tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab txoj haujlwm ntawm Vidlitsa River. Twb tau ua ntej Lub Xya Hli 6, kev tiv thaiv muaj zog ntawm Nazis tau tawg tag, thiab cov tub rog Soviet tau tswj hwm mus rau lwm qhov 35 km. Kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav tau tawm tsam kom txog rau thaum Lub Yim Hli 9, tab sis lawv tsis tau ua tiav - cov yeeb ncuab tuav kev tiv thaiv nruj, thiab Lub Tsev Haujlwm tau muab cov lus txib kom mus rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov twb ntes lawm.positions.
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog kev swb ntawm cov yeeb ncuab pawg uas tuav Karelian-Finnish SSR, thiab kev ywj pheej ntawm cov koom pheej. Cov xwm txheej no coj mus rau qhov tseeb tias Finland tau txais lwm qhov laj thawj kom thim tawm ntawm kev ua tsov rog.
Petsamo-Kirkenes operation
Txij Lub Kaum Hli 7 txog Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1, 1944, Tub Rog Liab, nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm lub nkoj, tau ua tiav txoj haujlwm Petsamo-Kirkenes. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 7, kev npaj phom loj tau ua tiav, tom qab ntawd kev tawm tsam tau pib. Thaum lub sijhawm ua tiav kev tawm tsam thiab rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv, lub nroog Pestamo tau nyob ib puag ncig tag nrho.
Tom qab Pestamo tau ua tiav, cov nroog ntawm Nikel thiab Tarnet raug coj mus, thiab nyob rau theem kawg - lub nroog Norwegian ntawm Kirkenes. Thaum lub sij hawm nws capture, lub Soviet units raug kev txom nyem loj. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua rau lub nroog, Norwegian patriots muab kev txhawb nqa tseem ceeb rau cov tub rog Soviet.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua haujlwm tau ua
Raws li kev ua haujlwm saum toj no, ciam teb nrog Norway thiab Finland tau rov qab los dua. Cov yeeb ncuab tau raug tshem tawm tag nrho, thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua twb tau tawm tsam hauv yeeb ncuab thaj chaw. Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 15, 1944, Finland tshaj tawm nws txoj kev tso siab thiab thim tawm ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II. Tom qab cov xwm txheej no, Karelian Front tau raug tshem tawm. Tom qab ntawd, nws cov tub rog tseem ceeb tau los ua ib feem ntawm 1st Far Eastern Front, uas tau tso siab rau txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm Manchurian kev tawm tsam hauv xyoo 1945 kom kov yeej cov tub rog Nyij Pooj thiab cov tub rog Suav ntawm tib lub npe.xeev.
Tshwj xeeb tom qab
Nws yog qhov nthuav tias tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub sector ntawm Karelian Front (1941 - 1945) puas tau cov tub rog fascist tsis hla ciam teb ntawm USSR - cov Nazis ua tsis tau tejyam tiv thaiv Murmansk. Cov pab pawg dev kuj tau siv rau ntawm qhov haujlwm no ntawm sab xub ntiag, thiab cov neeg sib ntaus sib tua lawv tus kheej hauv huab cua hnyav sab qaum teb. Thaum lub sij hawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog, lub Karelian Front yog qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv ntev, vim hais tias nws tag nrho ntev mus txog 1600 kilometers. Nws kuj tsis muaj ib txoj kab.
Karelian Pem hauv ntej tsuas yog ib qho ntawm tag nrho cov fronts ntawm Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog uas tsis xa tub rog cov cuab yeej thiab riam phom mus rau nram qab lub teb chaws kho. Qhov kev kho no tau ua tiav hauv qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tuam txhab ntawm Karelia thiab thaj tsam Murmansk.
