2010 tau cim los ntawm qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb rau cov kws tshaj lij kawm Ancient Russia thiab tsuas yog cov neeg nyiam keeb kwm: Ivan the Terrible's Personal Chronicle (nrov hu ua Tsar-Book) tau tshaj tawm hauv Is Taws Nem rau kev qhib nkag. Nws tau raug tshuaj xyuas thiab muab tso rau hauv lub network thoob ntiaj teb los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Lub Koom Haum ntawm Kev Hlub ntawm Kev Sau Ntawv Ancient.
Qhov kev tshwm sim tseem ceeb yog dab tsi?
Pom zoo tias qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm txhua tus neeg keeb kwm yog qhov tseem ceeb: sau, ua haujlwm ntawm kos duab, architecture, khoom siv hauv tsev thiab lwm yam khoom qub. Hmoov tsis zoo, hauv peb lub sijhawm, tsis muaj ntau tus kws tshawb fawb yav dhau los tig rau lawv. Feem ntau lawv kawm thiab hais txog tej hauj lwm ntawm lwm tus neeg keeb kwm, thiab cov thib peb, thiab lwm yam. Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj pib nkag siab, ces feem ntau ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb no tsis tau siv cov hauv paus ntsiab lus, thiab tsim tag nrho lawv cov hauj lwm los ntawm lwm tus neeg cov lus thiab kev xav. Nws hloov tawm tias cov haujlwm no tuaj yeem muab piv nrog cov ntawv tsis zoo ntawm cov ntawv luam ntawm qee qhov "blockbuster". Yog tias koj qhib thiab nyeem qhov uas tau sau rau hauv ib daim ntawv qub,thiab sib piv cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov neeg sau keeb kwm niaj hnub no, feem ntau koj tuaj yeem pom tsis yog qhov tsis raug me me xwb, tab sis qee zaum qhov tseeb qhov tseeb. Qhov ntawd yog nws, thiab nws tshwm sim txhua lub sijhawm.
Ancient artifacts of Russia
Hmoov tsis zoo, tsis yog ntau qhov tseeb qhov tseeb tau muaj sia nyob rau hnub no raws li peb xav tau. Yog hais tias peb xav txog architectural monuments, ces muaj tsawg heev ntawm lawv tshuav, thiab ntxiv rau, feem ntau ntawm lawv muaj nyob rau hauv lub 18-19 centuries, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv Russia lub ntsiab lub tsev cov ntaub ntawv yog ntoo, thiab tsis tu ncua kev tsov kev rog thiab hluav taws kub tsis tseg xws li cov qauv. Yog tias peb coj cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiab cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, nws tsis yooj yim li: qhov peb tau tswj kom txuag tau tag nrho cov khoom qub ntawm 15th-19th centuries. Thiab qhov no kuj yog qhov nkag siab zoo heev, vim tias cov hlau thiab pob zeb muaj nuj nqis yeej ib txwm yog lub hom phiaj ntawm ntau yam kev nyiam nyiam thiab cov kws tshawb fawb dub. Yuav luag txhua qhov chaw faus neeg thaum ub (mounds, thiab lwm yam) ntawm thaj chaw ntawm peb lub teb chaws tau plundered thaum lub sij hawm ntawm Catherine II.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws.
Cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm zoo tshaj plaws txog keeb kwm ntawm peb thaj av tau khaws cia rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm cov neeg - cov no yog cov dab neeg, kab lis kev cai, fairy tales, epics, thiab lwm yam. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshawb fawb categorically tsis lees paub qhov muaj peev xwm los txiav txim siab qhov ncauj creativity. ib qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, yam tsawg kawg yog nyob rau hauv relation mus, uas yog kev cob cog rua nrog lub qub Russia, txawm hais tias lawv yog npaj txhij mus rau siab txais cov lus dab neeg ntawm, hais tias, cov Scandinavian los yog British haiv neeg. Tab sis nyob rau hauv peb fairy tales thiab legends, ntau nthuav qhov tseeb tau raug khaws cia, ib tug tej yam kev txhais lus uas tau lees tias ib tug ntawm cov.nrov niaj hnub theories (A. Sklyarov "Inhabited Island Earth"). Piv txwv li, peb txhua tus paub txog qhov kev xav tsis thoob zoo li lub tshuab ua khawv koob nrog lub ncuav kua txiv, uas pom tag nrho lub ntiaj teb - vim li cas nws tsis yog iPhone nrog nws lub logo - txiv hmab txiv ntoo tom? Thiab cov ntaub pua plag-airplanes, thiab khau boots-walkers? Tab sis koj yeej tsis paub dab tsi ntxiv…
Txawm li cas los xij, peb ntxhov siab heev, nws yog lub sijhawm rov qab los rau lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm peb tsab xov xwm, thiab qhov no, peb nco qab, lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag ntawm Tsar Ivan (iv) Tus Txaus ntshai.
Sau qhov chaw
Lub ntsiab lus sau ntawm Ancient Russia yog keeb kwm. Txij li thaum xyoo pua 19th, Sau tiav Sau ntawm Lavxias teb sab Chronicles pib luam tawm. Leej twg xav tau kev paub txog cov ntawv luam tawm no los ntawm kev hu rau lub tsev qiv ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, tam sim no kev ua haujlwm tab tom ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm qhov project "Manuscript Monuments of Ancient Russia" hloov nws mus rau digital hom, thiab nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej nws, zoo li Facial Code ntawm Ivan lub txaus ntshai, yuav muab tso rau hauv Internet rau pej xeem. siv. Cov kws tshawb fawb novice yuav tsum paub tias nyob rau hauv cov ntawv sau thaum ub, qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog ntawv xwb, tab sis kuj yog kos duab. Cov no yog cov ntaub ntawv qhia. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lawv yog Facial vault. Nws muaj kaum txhiab daim ntawv thiab kaum xya txhiab daim duab.
Daim ntawv no yog qhov loj tshaj plaws chronicle-chronographic code ntawm Ancient Russia. Nws tau tsim los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm tsar hauv Alexander Sloboda nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm 1568 txog 1576. Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej vault muaj ib tug nthuav qhia txog lub ntiaj teb no keeb kwm los ntawm creation ntawm lub ntiaj teb no mus rau lub xyoo pua 15th thiab Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm mus txog rau xyoo 67 ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th. AmosovA. A. suav tias cov khoom qub qub no muaj kaum lub ntim nrog tag nrho 9745 nplooj ntawv, uas tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog 17,744 xim me me. Cov kws sau keeb kwm ntseeg tau hais tias Vajntxwv Phau Ntawv kuj muaj lub ntim thib kaum ib. Tam sim no nws tau ploj lawm, thiab qhov no yog qhov nkag siab, vim tias nws tau cuam tshuam nrog lub sijhawm tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm Lavxias keeb kwm - txog 1114.
Lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag: cov ntsiab lus
Thawj peb phau ntawv muaj cov ntawv hauv phau Vajlugkub xws li Pentateuch, Phau Ntawv Txiav Txim, Yausua, Vajntxwv, thiab cov phau ntawv Ruth, Esther, tus cev Vajtswv lus Daniel. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv nthuav tawm tag nrho cov ntawv ntawm Alexandria, ob zaj dab neeg hais txog Trojan Tsov Rog ("Cov Dab Neeg ntawm Kev Tsim thiab Kev ntes ntawm Troy", muab rho tawm los ntawm Lavxias Chronograph, thiab "Lub Keeb Kwm ntawm Kev Puas Tsuaj ntawm Troy" - kev txhais lus ntawm phau ntawv tshiab los ntawm Guido de Columna) thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm Josephus "Keeb kwm ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Yudais. Rau cov xwm txheej hauv ntiaj teb tom ntej, cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm yog ua haujlwm "Chronographer Illinsky thiab Roman" thiab "Lavxias teb sab Chronograph".
keeb kwm ntawm Russia tau piav qhia hauv 4-10 ntim, qhov chaw yog Nikon chronicle. Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb (piv txwv li, Kloss B. M.), pib los ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm 1152, cov peev txheej ntxiv kuj pom nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, xws li Novgorod Code (1539), Kev Sawv Rov Los Chronicle, Chronicler ntawm Pib ntawm Lub Nceeg Vaj, thiab Lwm tus.
Ancient editing
Vajntxwv-phau ntawv muaj ntau qhov kev hloov kho, ntseeg tau (tsis muaj pov thawj rau qhov no, txawm li cas los xij) tias lawv tau ua kwv yees liNyob rau hauv 1575 nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm Tsar Ivan lub txaus ntshai nws tus kheej. Kev kho dua ntawm cov ntawv uas twb tau ua tiav lawm feem ntau yog lub sijhawm los ntawm 1533 txog 1568. Ib tus kws kho mob tsis paub txog ua cov lus piav qhia hauv cov npoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, qee qhov muaj cov lus iab liam rau cov neeg raug tsim txom thiab raug tua thaum lub sijhawm oprichnina.
Hmoov tsis zoo, kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag tsis tiav: qee qhov me me tsuas yog ua hauv cov duab kos, lawv tsis muaj sijhawm los xim rau lawv.
Cov Lus Qhia
Lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag ntawm Ivan the Terrible tsis yog tsuas yog lub cim ntawm phau ntawv kos duab ntawm Russia, tab sis kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov xwm txheej keeb kwm: cov khoom me me, txawm tias lawv cov lus pom zoo thiab cov cim zoo nkauj, muab cov ntaub ntawv nplua nuj rau kev tshawb fawb txog keeb kwm. qhov tseeb ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev kawm txog kev hloov pauv uas tau ua rau lub ntim kawg (Tus Vaj Ntxwv Phau Ntawv) muab lub sijhawm kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv txog kev tawm tsam nom tswv ntawm lub sijhawm post-oprichne. Lawv kuj ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txiav txim rau huab tais cov kev hloov pauv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm ib lossis lwm tus ntawm nws cov koom tes. Thiab tseem hais txog cov kev xav tshiab ntawm cov xwm txheej lawv tus kheej thaum nws kav.
Nyob hauv kaw
Ua tsaug rau cov dej num ntawm Koom Haum Niam Tsev Keeb Kwm Neeg Laus, tam sim no txhua tus tuaj yeem paub txog cov khoom qub uas tsis muaj nqi. Tseeb tiag, yav dhau los, txhawm rau nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yuav tsum tau siv zog ntau, thiab tsuas yog cov kws sau keeb kwm tuaj yeem tau txais nws. Tab sis hnub no nws muaj rau sawv daws. Txhua yam uas xav tau yog nkag mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb network, thiab koj tuaj yeem raus koj tus kheej hauv lub ntiaj teb txaus nyiamkawm peb yav tag los. Txhawm rau pom txhua yam ntawm koj tus kheej lub qhov muag, ntxiv rau koj lub tswv yim txog qee yam xwm txheej, thiab tsis txhob nyeem cov ntawv npaj ua tiav ntawm cov neeg sau keeb kwm, leej twg, tej zaum, tsis tau qhib qhov qub.
