Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm txhua lub hlwb muaj sia yog cov protein, rog, carbohydrates. Cov qauv, kev ua haujlwm thiab cov khoom ntawm cov tebchaw no ua kom cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob nyob hauv peb lub ntiaj teb.
Fats yog cov organic tebchaw, tag nrho cov esters ntawm glycerol thiab ib lub hauv paus fatty acids. Lawv yog cov pab pawg ntawm lipids. Cov tebchaw no ua haujlwm ntau lub cev tseem ceeb thiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom noj hauv tib neeg.
Kev faib tawm
Cov rog, cov qauv thiab cov khoom uas tso cai rau lawv siv los ua zaub mov, yog los ntawm xwm muab faib ua tsiaj thiab zaub. Cov tom kawg yog hu ua roj. Vim yog cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm unsaturated fatty acids nyob rau hauv lawv, lawv nyob rau hauv ib tug kua lub xeev ntawm aggregation. Qhov kev zam yog xibtes roj.
Los ntawm muaj qee cov kua qaub, cov rog tau muab faib ua saturated (stearic, palmitic) thiab unsaturated (oleic, arachidonic, linolenic, palmitoleic, linoleic).
Kev tsim kho
Cov qauv ntawm cov rog yog ib qho nyuaj ntawm triglycerides thiab lipoid tshuaj. Cov tom kawg yog phospholipid compounds thiab sterols. Triglyceride yog ib qho ester compound ntawm glycerol thiab fatty acid, cov qauv thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm uasCov khoom muaj roj raug txiav txim siab.
Cov qauv ntawm cov roj molecule feem ntau yog tso tawm los ntawm cov mis:
CH2-OˉCO-R'
I
CHˉO-CO-R'
I
CH2-OˉCO-R''', Nyob rau hauv uas R yog fatty acid radical.
Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov qauv ntawm cov rog muaj nyob rau hauv lawv cov qauv peb unbranched radicals nrog ib tug txawm tus naj npawb ntawm carbon atoms. Saturated fatty acids feem ntau sawv cev los ntawm stearic thiab palmitic, unsaturated - linoleic, oleic thiab linolenic.
Properties
Cov rog, cov qauv thiab cov khoom uas tau txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov muaj cov saturated thiab unsaturated fatty acids, muaj lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Lawv tsis cuam tshuam nrog dej, tab sis tag nrho decompose nyob rau hauv cov organic solvents. Lawv tau saponified (hydrolyzed) yog tias lawv kho nrog chav, ntxhia acid lossis alkalis. Thaum lub sij hawm no cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, fatty acids los yog lawv cov ntsev thiab glycerol yog tsim. Ua ib qho emulsion tom qab muaj zog co nrog dej, mis nyuj yog piv txwv.
Cov rog muaj zog ntawm kwv yees li 9.1 kcal / g lossis 38 kJ / g. Yog tias peb txhais cov txiaj ntsig no rau hauv qhov ntsuas lub cev, ces lub zog tso tawm ntawm tus nqi ntawm 1 g ntawm cov rog yuav txaus los nqa ib qho hnyav 3900 kg ntawm 1 meter.
Cov rog, cov qauv ntawm lawv cov molecules txiav txim siab lawv cov yam ntxwv yooj yim, muaj zog siv zog thaum piv nrog cov carbohydrates lossis cov protein. Ua kom tiav oxidation ntawm 1 g ntawm cov rog nrog kev tso dej thiab carbon dioxide yog nrog los ntawm lub zog ntau lawm ob zaug siab duacombustion ntawm qab zib. Rau kev tawg ntawm cov rog, carbohydrates thiab oxygen xav tau nyob rau hauv ib qho nyiaj.
Nyob hauv tib neeg thiab lwm yam tsiaj tsiaj, rog yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau lub zog. Txhawm rau kom lawv nqus tau hauv cov hnyuv, lawv yuav tsum tau emulsified nrog cov kua tsib ntsev.
Functions
Nyob hauv lub cev ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg, cov rog ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tebchaw hauv nruab nrog cev thiab lub cev muaj lub ntsiab lus sib txawv:
- khoom siv zog. Cov haujlwm no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov rog. Vim lawv cov nqi zog siab, lawv yog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm "roj". Reserves yog tsim los ntawm depositing nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm deposits.
- Kev tiv thaiv. Cov ntaub so ntswg adipose envelops lub cev thiab yog li tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev raug mob thiab co, softens thiab absorbs sab nraud influences.
- Thermal rwb thaiv tsev. Cov rog muaj cov thermal conductivity tsawg thiab yog li khaws lub cev kub kom zoo thiab tiv thaiv nws los ntawm hypothermia.
Ntxiv rau peb lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb no, cov rog ua ob peb tus kheej. Cov tebchaw no txhawb nqa cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlwb, piv txwv li, muab elasticity thiab noj qab nyob zoo ntawm daim tawv nqaij, txhim kho lub hlwb ua haujlwm. Membrane cell formations thiab subcellular organelles khaws lawv cov qauv thiab ua haujlwm vim kev koom tes ntawm cov rog. Vitamins A, D, E thiab K tuaj yeem nqus tau hauv lawv lub xub ntiag. Kev loj hlob, kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob muaj nuj nqi kuj tseem nyob ntawm qhov muaj cov rog.
Lub cev xav tau
Hais txog ib feem pebLub zog noj ntawm lub cev yog ntxiv los ntawm cov rog, cov qauv uas tso cai rau kev daws qhov teeb meem no nrog kev noj zaub mov kom zoo. Kev suav cov kev xav tau niaj hnub siv rau hauv tus account hom kev ua ub no thiab hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg. Yog li ntawd, cov rog feem ntau yog tsim nyog rau cov tub ntxhais hluas uas ua lub neej nquag, piv txwv li, cov neeg ncaws pob lossis cov txiv neej ua haujlwm hnyav. Nrog rau kev ua neej nyob tsis muaj zog lossis nyiam rog dhau, lawv tus lej yuav tsum raug txo kom tsis txhob muaj rog thiab muaj teeb meem cuam tshuam.
Nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau xav txog cov qauv ntawm cov rog. Qhov piv ntawm unsaturated thiab saturated acids yog qhov tseem ceeb. Thaum kawg, thaum noj ntau dhau, cuam tshuam cov roj metabolism, kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plab zom mov, thiab ua rau muaj peev xwm ntawm atherosclerosis. Unsaturated acids muaj qhov sib txawv: lawv kho cov metabolism hauv ib txwm, tshem tawm cov roj cholesterol. Tab sis lawv txoj kev tsim txom ua rau plab zom mov, pom pob zeb hauv lub gallbladder thiab excretory tract.
khoom
Yuav luag txhua yam khoom muaj rog, thaum lawv cov qauv yuav txawv. Cov kev zam yog zaub, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, dej cawv, zib ntab thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom raug muab faib ua:
- Fatty (40 grams lossis ntau dua rau 100 g ntawm cov khoom). Cov pab pawg no suav nrog butter, margarine, lard, fatty nqaij, qee hom hnyuv ntxwm, txiv ntseej, thiab lwm yam.
- Cov roj nruab nrab (los ntawm 20 mus rau 40 g ib 100 g ntawm cov khoom). Cov pab pawg yog sawv cev los ntawm qab zib, rog qaub cream, tsev cheese, qee hom cheese, sausages thiab sausages, nqaijgoose, chocolate, ncuav mog qab zib, halva thiab lwm yam khoom qab zib.
- Cov roj tsawg (20 grams lossis tsawg dua rau 100 g ntawm cov khoom). Cov no suav nrog: mov, buckwheat, taum, taum, qhob cij, nqaij qaib, qe, ntses, nceb, khoom noj siv mis, thiab lwm yam.
Tseem ceeb heev yog cov qauv tshuaj ntawm cov rog, uas txiav txim siab muaj cov kua qaub. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lawv yuav saturated, unsaturated thiab polyunsaturated. Cov qub muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj nqaij, lard, chocolate, ghee, xibtes, txiv maj phaub thiab butter roj. Unsaturated acids muaj nyob rau hauv nqaij qaib, txiv ntseej, cashews, txiv laum huab xeeb, txiv roj roj. Polyunsaturated - nyob rau hauv walnuts, almonds, pecans, noob, ntses, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv sunflower, linseed, rapeseed, pob kws, paj rwb thiab soybean roj.
Kev sib ntsib
Cov qauv ntawm cov rog xav kom koj ua raws li ntau txoj cai thaum sau cov khoom noj. Nutritionists pom zoo ua raws li lawv qhov piv:
- Monounsaturated - mus txog ib nrab ntawm tag nrho cov rog;
- Polyunsaturated - ib lub quarter;
- Rich - ib quarter.
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, zaub roj yuav tsum yog li 40% ntawm cov khoom noj, tsiaj - 60-70%. Cov laus yuav tsum nce tus naj npawb ntawm thawj mus rau 60%.
Nws tsim nyog txwv lossis tshem tawm tag nrho cov rog rog los ntawm kev noj haus. Lawv tau siv dav hauv kev tsim cov kua ntses, mayonnaise, confectionery. Cov rog uas raug cua kub hnyav thiab oxidation yog teeb meem. Lawv tuaj yeem pom hauv french fries, chips, donuts,pies, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm daim ntawv teev npe no, cov khoom txaus ntshai tshaj plaws yog cov uas siav hauv cov roj rancid lossis rov siv dua.
siv tau zoo
Cov rog, uas nws cov qauv muab txog ib nrab ntawm lub cev lub zog, muaj ntau yam zoo:
- cov roj cholesterol txhawb cov metabolism hauv carbohydrate zoo dua thiab ua kom cov synthesis ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb - raws li nws lub zog, cov tshuaj steroid hormones ntawm cov qog adrenal raug tsim;
- kwv yees 30% ntawm tag nrho cov cua sov hauv tib neeg lub cev yog tsim los ntawm cov roj xim av, cov ntaub so ntswg nyob hauv caj dab thiab sab nraub qaum;
- badger thiab dev rog yog refractory, kho cov kab mob ua pa, nrog rau tuberculosis ntawm lub ntsws;
- phospholipid thiab glucolipid tebchaw muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntaub so ntswg, synthesized nyob rau hauv lub digestive kabmob thiab counteract tsim cov cholesterol plaques, txhawb kev ua hauj lwm ntawm lub siab;
- ua tsaug rau phosphatide thiab sterols, qhov tsis hloov pauv ntawm cov cytoplasmic hauv paus ntawm cov hlwb ntawm lub paj hlwb yog tswj thiab vitamin D yog synthesized.
Yog li, rog yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom noj hauv tib neeg.
Surplus and deficit
Cov rog, cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tebchaw no tsuas yog muaj txiaj ntsig thaum noj hauv qhov nruab nrab. Lawv qhov ntau dhau ua rau muaj kev rog rog - qhov teeb meem uas cuam tshuam rau txhua lub tebchaws tsim. Tus kab mob no ua rau muaj kev nce hauv lub cev hnyav, txo qis hauv kev txav mus los thiab ua rau lub cev tsis zoo. Muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev loj hlobatherosclerosis, plawv ischemia, kub siab. Kev rog dhau thiab nws qhov tshwm sim ua rau tuag ntau dua li lwm yam kab mob.
Cov rog tsis txaus hauv cov zaub mov ua rau cov tawv nqaij tsis zoo, ua rau cov menyuam yaus lub cev tsis muaj zog, cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov menyuam yaus, cuam tshuam nrog cov metabolism hauv cov roj cholesterol, ua rau atherosclerosis, ua rau lub cev tsis zoo. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb thiab lub paj hlwb tag nrho.
Kev npaj noj zaub mov kom raug, suav nrog lub cev xav tau ntawm cov rog, yuav pab kom tsis txhob muaj ntau yam kab mob thiab txhim kho lub neej zoo. Nws yog lawv cov kev noj nruab nrab, tsis muaj ntau dhau thiab tsis txaus, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb.
