Txhua lub sijhawm, tib neeg tau xav tias yuav tsum muaj cov neeg txawj nyeem ntawv thiab txawj ntse, vim tias lawv yog cov uas tuaj yeem nqa lub nra ntawm lub xeev. Muaj qee lub sijhawm hauv keeb kwm thaum tsis muaj cov neeg zoo li no txaus, vim tias muaj ob peb nuggets, thiab tus so tsis tau kawm txhua. Yog li tau tsim ib txheej txheem hu ua "kev kawm". Niaj hnub no, lo lus no tau dhau los ua qhov qub, raws li peb txhua tus kawm hauv cov tsev kawm tshwj xeeb. Kev kawm ntawv nws tus kheej yog ib tug txheej txheem ntawm kev qhia ib tug neeg, uas yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv kev txaus siab ntawm lub xeev los ntawm instilling kev txawj ntse, muaj nuj nqis, haiv neeg yam ntxwv, thiab lwm yam. Lub mechanism ntawm kev kawm ntawv pib txij thaum peb nkag mus rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab tsis muaj qhov kawg, vim hais tias txhua txhua ntawm peb tau txais kev paub tshiab thoob plaws lub neej. Cov theem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev kawm yog kev nkag mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab tom qab kawm ntawv. Niaj hnub no, ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas Lavxias teb sab kawm tiav tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab mus qhov twg tom qab tsev kawm ntawv. Txhua tus xav nkag mus rau hauv cov tsev kawm qib siab muaj koob npe, tab sis tsis muaj leej twg paub dab tsintawm lawv hnav no fashionable xwm txheej. Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm hauv qab no peb yuav sim nrhiav seb lub tsev kawm ntawv twg, tsev kawm qib siab thiab tsev kawm ntawv tuaj yeem hu ua qhov muaj koob npe tiag tiag.
Nws pib ua li cas
Los ntawm lub sijhawm thaum cov txiv plig los ntawm Byzantium Cyril thiab Methodius tsim cov ntawv Slavic, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txhim kho kev kawm ntawm thaj chaw ntawm niaj hnub Russia pib.
Txoj kev tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kawm hauv tsev tau ntsib ntau lub sijhawm tsis zoo thiab zoo.
Thawj suav nrog kev qhia txog kev ntseeg hauv tebchaws Russia los ntawm Vladimir lub Great hauv 988, kev tshawb pom ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb zoo (Lomonosov, Mendeleev), txoj cai hloov kho ntawm Peter I thiab ntau ntxiv. Qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev kawm muaj lub sijhawm ntawm tsarism tsis muaj peev xwm thiab Soviet dictatorship, lub sijhawm stagnation, thiab lwm yam.
Txawm li cas los xij, niaj hnub no Lavxias teb sab Federation yog ib lub tsev kawm muaj koob npe tshaj plaws thoob plaws ntiaj teb, raws li cov pov thawj los ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm los ntawm ntau lub tebchaws. Cov txheej txheem kev kawm hauv tsev yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, txij li peb cov kws tshawb fawb muaj txiaj ntsig zoo yuav luag txhua qhov chaw. Nws yog qhov ua tau heev uas cov tsev kawm qib siab Lavxias hauv ntiaj teb qeb duas kuj tseem yuav tawm sai sai rau saum vim tias qib kev kawm lawv muab.
tsev kawm ntawv cais li cas?
Ranking ntawm Lavxias teb sab universities yog nyob ntawm ntau yam. Cov koom haum lossis cov xov xwm loj yog qhov tseem ceeb heevcov ntaub ntawv uas ntsuas cov tsev kawm ntawv. Hauv lub tebchaws, ib tus tuaj yeem tham txog lub meej mom ntawm ib lub tsev kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb, txawm li cas los xij, txawv teb chaws, qhov kev ntsuam xyuas sib txawv ntawm qhov xwm txheej yog ua tau, tab sis qhov no yuav tau tham ntxiv. Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation, qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm Lavxias teb sab universities yog ua los ntawm kev qhia txog lub prestigious kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb kev kawm (kev khwv nyiaj txiag, technology, kev tiv thaiv, txoj cai, thiab lwm yam). Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas no tso cai rau koj pom tsis yog tsuas yog qib "txias" ntawm kev kawm lossis tsev kawm ntawv, tab sis kuj tseem ua rau nws muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau cov neeg ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws hauv txhua qhov kev tshawb fawb.
Cov Cai rau Kev Ntsuas Cov Tsev Kawm Ntawv
Txhawm rau sib piv cov tsev kawm ntawv, qee cov qauv raug siv uas tso cai rau koj pom cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv. Yog li, qeb duas ntawm cov tsev kawm qib siab hauv Lavxias Federation yog raws li cov hauv qab no:
1) tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg thov, thov rau lub tsev kawm ntawv;
2) muaj ntau hom kev kawm;
3) theem ntawm cov nyiaj faib rau lub tsev kawm ntawv no;
4) kev tsim nyog ntawm cov kawm tiav;
5) qib kev kawm muab;
6) thaj chaw thaj chaw thiab thaj chaw.
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias cov txheej txheem kev ntsuas sib txawv muaj peev xwm ua tau thaum qeb los ntawm cov xov xwm txawv teb chaws lossis cov koom haum.
Tsev Kawm Txuj Ci thiab Kev Cai
Txawm li cas los xij ib tus yuav hais, tab sis kev ntaus nqi ntawm Lavxias teb sab technical universities los ntawm ib lub xyoo mus rau lub xyoo tso rau hauv Moscow State Technical University. Bauman, uas tau tsim rov qab rau xyoo 1830. Lub tsev kawm ntawv no yog meccatag nrho cov techies ntawm Lavxias Federation thiab cov tebchaws nyob sib ze.
Ntawm MSTU im. Bauman qhia tshwj xeeb hauv ntau ceg ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Lub tsev kawm ntawv tseem niaj hnub suav nrog cov qeb duas thoob ntiaj teb. Cov kws lij choj zoo tshaj plaws yog "ua" ntawm Moscow State Law Academy thiab, oddly txaus, ntawm Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Txoj Cai ntawm Moscow State University. Ntawm chav kawm, nyob rau hauv cov kev thiab kev cai lij choj sectors, lwm venerable cov tsev kawm ntawv muaj peev xwm paub qhov txawv uas kawm tiav tsis muaj tsawg muaj peev xwm tshwj xeeb, piv txwv li, Peoples' Friendship University, kws qhia ntawv ntawm txoj cai ntawm lub University of St. Petersburg, Moscow lub koom haum ntawm Physics thiab Technology, Tyumen Oil thiab Gas State University, thiab lwm yam. Cov kawm tiav ntawm cov tsev kawm qib siab no paub tias yog cov kws tshaj lij kev lag luam tiag tiag.
tsev kawm tub rog
Txhua lub xeev xav tau cov tub rog uas xav tau kev cob qhia rau qee qhov. Rau qhov no, cov tsev kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb tub rog raug tsim, lub hom phiaj yog los tsim cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim nyog rau ntau yam kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb thiab cov qauv kev tiv thaiv. Tub rog Lavxias teb sab universities paub thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no, vim hais tias lub Lavxias teb sab Federation faib ib tug lossis loj npaum li cas ntawm cov nyiaj rau kev loj hlob ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub xeev. Moscow Academy ntawm FSB yog qhov nrov tshaj plaws.
Txhua tus uas txiav txim siab txuas nws lub neej nrog cov tub rog thiab kev pabcuam rau Niam Txiv txoj kev npau suav los ntawm no. Hais txog tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg thov txhua xyoo, Moscow Academy ntawm FSB yog tus thawj coj tsis sib haum xeeb. Cov txheej txheem kev kawm yog ua los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev tiv thaiv, kev ua haujlwm-nrhiavkev ua si thiab lwm yam kev kawm tshwj xeeb. Lub koom haum Voronezh ntawm Ministry of Internal Affairs thiab Naval Academy nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg tsis deb tom qab qhov tseeb nyiam. Qhov nrov ntawm lub koom haum Voronezh tau nce tom qab kev hloov kho ntawm Ministry of Internal Affairs. Txij li thaum immemorial, cov neeg tsav nkoj Lavxias tau paub thoob ntiaj teb tias yog ib tus neeg txawj ntse tshaj plaws thiab ua siab loj, yog li cov tub ceev xwm yav tom ntej tau raug cob qhia hauv Naval Academy hauv cov kab ke zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Lavxias teb sab fleet.
Kev muaj koob meej ntawm cov tub rog hauv tsev kawm ntawv feem ntau yog vim qhov tseeb tias lawv muab kev kawm siv tau rau hauv tub rog thiab hauv pej xeem, pej xeem ib puag ncig. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tub rog hauv Russia yog cov neeg tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas tas li ntawm lub xeev.
Kev kawm qib siab hauv tib neeg
Thaum nws tsis tuaj yeem tsim "kev sib raug zoo" nrog cov kev tshawb fawb tiag tiag, koj yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas thaj chaw tib neeg. Muaj ntau lub tsev kawm qib siab liberal arts hauv tebchaws Russia. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias xws li nto moo tsev kawm ntawv raws li MGIMO, uas nws kawm tiav ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv embassies nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, Moscow State University, uas muaj ntau humanities faculties, thiab St. Petersburg State University (lub qaum teb analogue ntawm Moscow State University). Lub xeev cov tsev kawm qib siab tsim cov kws tshaj lij hauv ntau yam txuj ci, txawm li cas los xij, lawv lub koob meej thiab cov nyiaj tau los siab tso cai rau lawv muab kev kawm zoo hauv tib neeg. Lavxias State University rau Humanities yog nrov heev. Qhov qeb duas ntawm RSUH ntawm Lavxias teb sab universities yog tas li nyob rau theem siab. Qhov no yog vim qhov nqaim humanitarian tshwj xeeb ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv no. Yog li ntawd, RSUH nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm muaj koob meejtsis poob qab Moscow State University thiab St. Petersburg State University. Ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv humanitarian feem ntau suav nrog hauv kev ntaus nqi hauv tebchaws Lavxias "Expert RA" (MGIMO, Moscow State University, Ural Federal University, thiab lwm yam).
Best economic universities
Cov kws lag luam nyiaj txiag ib txwm muaj npe nrov rau lawv qhov kev thov, vim tias lawv cov haujlwm tshawb fawb ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub xeev. Kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev lag luam universities ua rau nws muaj peev xwm mus ib leeg tawm lub feem ntau prestigious kev kawm cov tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv no kev txawj ntse. Lavxias teb sab economic universities yog dav paub thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no, vim hais tias lawv cob qhia cov kws tshaj lij hauv kev lag luam. Kev npaj nyiaj txiag zoo tshaj plaws yog muab rau cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm tib lub npe ntawm Moscow State University. Lomonosov, MGIMO, St. Petersburg State University. Leej twg xav mob siab rau nws lub neej rau txoj kev kawm ntawm kev lag luam, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, sim nkag mus rau cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab no. Qhov trinity no tsis yog qhov tsis zoo nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev paub zoo los ntawm Financial University thiab Higher Economic University. Plekhanov. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qhov qeb duas ntawm Lavxias teb sab universities rau 2015 qhia lub undisputed thawj coj ntawm lub University. Plekhanov ua ntej lwm "cov menyuam txaj" ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb txog nyiaj txiag ntawm Russia.
Russian universities hauv qeb duas thoob ntiaj teb
RF muaj npe nrov rau nws cov tsev kawm ntawv thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Cov tub ntxhais kawm los ntawm thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb tab tom sim mus rau Russia mus kawm, vim hais tias cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab ntawm Lavxias Federation tau nce mus txog qib ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab European thiab Asmeskas xws li Harvard, Cambridge, thiab lwm yam. Niaj hnub no, nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob pom qee qhov.los yog los ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab hauv tsev hauv ib qho TOP thoob ntiaj teb. Lavxias teb sab universities nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no qeb duas yog ib txwm qhua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xws li cov tsev kawm ntawv xws li St. Petersburg State University thiab Moscow State University. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qee qhov kev ntsuam xyuas yog txhua xyoo, thiab lawv cov txiaj ntsig cuam tshuam rau lub koob npe nrov thiab qib kev txaus siab hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv. Ib qho ntawm cov TOPs no yog U-multirank. Kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm Lavxias teb sab universities nyob rau hauv TOPs ntawm cov theem no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws txoj kev los qhia cov theem ntawm kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub xeev. Tsuas yog cov tsev kawm ntawv zoo tshaj plaws thiab muaj koob npe tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv qhov ntsuas U-multirank. Hauv 2015, U-multirank tau suav nrog hauv cov npe ntawm cov tsev kawm qib siab zoo tshaj plaws ntawm St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics thiab Optics.
MSU yog tus thawj coj ntawm kev kawm Lavxias
Ntawm tag nrho cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab ntawm Lavxias Federation thiab cov tebchaws nyob sib ze, Moscow State University yog thiab yog tus thawj coj ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb zoo uas tau qhuas txog kev kawm hauv tsev hauv lawv lub tebchaws thiab hauv lwm lub xeev. Moscow State University Lomonosov tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1755. Txog hnub tim, lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj 15 lub koom haum tshawb fawb, 41 faculties thiab ntau dua 300 chav haujlwm. Kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm Lavxias lub xeev cov tsev kawm ntawv ib txwm coj Moscow State University mus rau thawj qhov chaw.
Qhov tseeb no qhia tau hais tias qhov kev paub zoo tshaj plaws hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv no, kev ua haujlwm ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem kev kawm, muaj cov xwm txheej zoo rau kev kawm thiab kev ua si. Raws li rau cov saum toj kawg nkaus thoob ntiaj teb, hauv 2015Moscow State University yog nyob rau saum nees nkaum lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab uas cob qhia cov kws tshaj lij hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm physics, astronomy, lus txawv teb chaws, linguistics thiab lej. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias cov tub ntxhais kawm txawv teb chaws los ntawm ntau dua 20 lub teb chaws txawv teb chaws kawm hauv Moscow State University. Ntawm cov kawm tiav qib siab ntawm Moscow University yog cov neeg zoo li Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev, Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov, Sergei Nikolaevich Bulgakov, Maxim Lvovich Kontsevich thiab ntau lwm tus.
TOP-10 lub tsev kawm qib siab zoo tshaj plaws raws li cov lus ceeb toom rau xyoo 2015
Nyob rau hauv xaus, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los nthuav qhia qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tsis ntev los no ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv Lavxias raws li kev kwv yees rau xyoo 2015. Xyoo no, cov neeg ua ntawv thov yuav ua rau cov neeg nkag mus kawm ntawm cov tsev kawm qib siab hauv qab no:
1) Lomonosov Moscow State University Lomonosov.
2) Moscow Lub Tsev Haujlwm ntawm Physics thiab Technology.
3) Saint Petersburg State University.
4) National Research Nuclear University.
5) National Research University Higher School of Economics.
6) Moscow State Technical University. N. E. Bauman.
7) Ural Federal University.
8) National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University.
9) Moscow State Institute of International Relations.
10) Voronezh lub koom haum ntawm Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Tau kawg, daim ntawv teev npe no yuav hloov pauv ob peb lub hlis, thaum twgqhib phiaj los nqis tes yuav nyob rau hauv tag nrho viav vias. Txawm li cas los xij, niaj hnub no qhov kev ntsuas uas tau hais los saum toj no yog ua raws li cov ntsuas ntsuas ntawm qhov kev kawm zoo, kev siv zog ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kawm, thiab qhov xav tau ntawm cov neeg thov los ntawm txhua lub tsev kawm qib siab. Lawv qhov kev ntsuas tau cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov xav tau hauv ntiaj teb rau cov kev tshwj xeeb uas tau txais kev cob qhia. Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub Russia, txoj kev kawm uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm mus ua hauj lwm txawv teb chaws muaj nuj nqis. Tsis yog txhua lub tsev kawm ntawv Lavxias tuaj yeem muab daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm hom no, uas cuam tshuam rau kev faib cov chaw hauv qeb duas.
Yog li, peb pom tias cov tsev kawm qib siab niaj hnub no ntawm Lavxias Federation muab kev paub zoo thiab kev paub tob hauv ntau yam kev tshawb fawb. Cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation yog dav paub thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no, raws li muaj pov thawj los ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm Lavxias teb sab universities txawv teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, lub koob meej ntawm tsis tsuas yog cov tsev kawm ntawv, tab sis kev kawm nyob rau hauv dav dav yog loj hlob inexorably. Cia siab tias tsis ntev nws yuav yog Lavxias teb sab cov tsev kawm ntawv uas yuav dhau los ua tus qauv ntawm kev kawm tsis yog ntawm CIS lub teb chaws, tab sis thoob plaws ntiaj teb.
