Thaum lub sijhawm ua tsov ua rog, Lub Tebchaws ntawm Soviet Socialist Republics tau nce thiab txhim kho lub hauv paus ntawm nws cov dav hlau dav hlau. Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv lub thib peb caug txawv teb chaws-ua aircraft dominated huab cua fleet, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm tsov rog Lavxias teb sab tub rog aircraft dominated.
Yam yuavtsum tau kawm uantej rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Soviet tub rog aviation
Kev tsim kho ntawm Union ntawm Soviet Socialist Republics tau ua tiav kev tswj hwm ntawm ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm, txawm tias nws yog kev lag luam, kev ua liaj ua teb lossis tub rog. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub sijhawm nees nkaum thiab peb caug xyoo, lub dav hlau dav hlau muaj cov dav hlau txawv teb chaws. Thiab Lavxias teb sab aircraft tsuas yog sawv cev los ntawm tsim ANT-2 thiab ANT-9 tsim los ntawm Tupolev Design Bureau. Cov teeb meem ntawm Red Army airmament nyob rau hauv cov hnub yog:
- outdated qauv ntawm lub tsheb;
- pluag technical condition of the aircraft;.
Kev tsim tub rog aviation ua ntej Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II
Kev hloov pauv zoo hauv kev lag luam tuaj nrog kev tsim ntawm Moscow Aviation Institute. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub platform kev kawm tau ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov kws tshaj lij rau cov chaw tsim khoom dav hlau thiab cov chaw tsim khoom.
tsoomfwv Soviet tau nqis peev ntau cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab nyiaj txiag hauv Lavxias aircraft. Twb tau los ntawm qhov thib ob ua ntej kev ua tsov ua rog tsib-xyoo txoj kev npaj, cov tuam txhab tsim dav hlau muaj ntau lub hauv paus ntawm tag nrho lub voj voog. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm Secretary General Stalin los tsim aviation niaj hnub no tau ua tiav. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-thirties, sim flights ntawm thawj Soviet bomber, muab zais nyob rau hauv ib tug pej xeem thauj nkoj, coj qhov chaw. Thawj lub dav hlau Lavxias, uas tom qab ntawd tau koom nrog hauv kev ua phem ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, tau npaj los ntawm cov neeg tsav dav hlau xws li Levanevsky, Vodopyanov, Grizodubov thiab lwm tus.
Kev sim ntawm cov neeg tua rog kuj tau ua nyob txawv teb chaws. Piv txwv li, hauv Spain xyoo 1937. Tom qab ntawd Polikarpov cov dav hlau, cov hom I-15 thiab I-16, tau sim. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txiaj ntsig tau poob siab. Lub tsheb loj poob rau lawv cov neeg sib tw German.
Stalin tsis skimp rau cov nyiaj tshwj xeeb thiab cov peev txheej faib rau cov neeg tsim qauv rau Lavxias aircraft. Cov neeg tua hluav taws tau txais cov cuab yeej siv xov tooj cua, nrog rau cov qauv sib xyaw tshiab vim yog kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, uas ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev sib tw tsheb.
Aircraft kev lag luam ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog
Cov lus hais ntawm Cov Neeg Commissar of Defense Voroshilov ntawm Plenum qhia tau zoo txog kev ua tsov rog ua ntej ntawm kev lag luam tub rog aviationCentral Committee nyob rau lub Peb Hlis 1939. Nws tsab ntawv ceeb toom tau tham txog kev nce ntxiv hauv Aviation ntawm Soviet Union. Tshwj xeeb, Air Force, piv nrog 1934, tau nce 138 feem pua. Thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov dav hlau tau nce 1.3 npaug.
Ratio. Bombers thiab fighters
Kev hais tshwj xeeb tau muab tso rau ntawm cov foob pob hnyav. Nws tau ntseeg tias qhov no yog daim npav tseem ceeb hauv kev sib ntaus tawm tsam Western pab tub rog. Yog li ntawd, hnyav bombers nyob ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub nkoj. Lub nkoj ntawm cov neeg tua rog kuj tau nce los ntawm 2.5 npaug.
Vim cov neeg tsim qauv, Lavxias lub dav hlau raug coj mus rau qib tshiab. Tsis tas li ntawd, M-25 motors nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 715 horsepower, cua-txias, thiab M-100 nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 750 horsepower, uas siv cov dej txias, kuj tau tsim thiab muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm. Qhov siab tshaj plaws davhlau qhov siab kuj nce thiab nce mus rau 14-15 txhiab meters. Lub dav hlau tau txais cov duab zoo dua qub, cov huab cua tsis kam ntawm cov tsheb poob. Kev loj hlob hauv kev tsim khoom tau txhawb nqa los ntawm kev taw qhia ntawm stamping thiab ntws casting.
Los ntawm 1941, ntawm lub dav hlau fighter tsim nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union, lub Mig, Yak thiab LAGG tau suav hais tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. IL-2 tau lees paub tias muaj teeb meem, uas tau hloov kho tas li. Raws li lub tswv yim Clear Sky, nws tau npaj los tsim txog 100,000 SU-2 lub dav hlau, uas qhov kev hu xov tooj rau huab cua tsis tau muaj dua.
Start of war
Nyob rau hauv pib 8 teev ntawm German tawm tsam rau SovietSoyuz, 1200 Soviet aircraft raug rhuav tshem, suav nrog ntau lub tshav dav hlau nrog txhua qhov chaw cia khoom. Nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo thiab ib nrab, German aviation dominated lub Soviet. Lub dav hlau I-15, I-16 tau poob rau qhov tseeb fascist Messerschmidts thiab Junkers. Qee lub sij hawm txawm nyob rau hauv lub dav hlau uas tsis siv lawm nws muaj peev xwm ua tau kom yeej nyob rau hauv huab cua duels. Nyob rau hauv ib lub hlis, Lavxias teb sab aircraft rhuav tshem txog 1,300 German air units.
Tom qab rau lub hlis ntawm kev ua phem, kev tsim cov dav hlau raug txo los ntawm yuav luag plaub zaug. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias cov Germans los ze rau Moscow, thiab yuav tsum tau khiav tawm cov chaw tsim khoom tseem ceeb uas tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov khoom rau kev lag luam dav hlau. Yog li ntawd, xyoo 1941, txoj kev npaj rau kev tsim txhua hom tub rog dav hlau tsuas yog 40 feem pua ua tiav.
Nrog rau kev tshaj tawm cov tuam txhab khiav tawm, qhov xwm txheej tau txhim kho zoo, thiab los ntawm 1944, airfields tau txais txog 100 lub tsheb sib ntaus txhua hnub. Modernization tau txais kiag li tag nrho cov qauv. Ntawm cov kev txhim kho, nws tsim nyog hais txog Yak-3, LA-5, IL-10, PE-2, Yak-9.
Kev loj hlob tuaj yeem taug qab xyoo:
- 1942 - 25,400 lub tsheb.
- 1943 - 34,900 lub tsheb.
- 1944 - 40,300 lub tsheb.
Los ntawm 1944, Soviet Union tshaj Nazi lub teb chaws Yelemees nyob rau hauv tus naj npawb ntawm cov dav hlau los ntawm 2.7 npaug. Ib yam yog tsim kom ceev. Kev tsim ntawm peb cov neeg tua rog yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj li cov tuam txhab German thiab Asmeskas. Tau kawg, qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom lag luam aviation tsis yog ib txwm nyiam ntawm Soviet aviation kev lag luam.
Lavxias teb sab aircraft Thib obntiaj teb. SU-2
Lub tshuab tau tsim txij li xyoo 1937 ntawm Tupolev Design Bureau nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi. Thaum pib, lub dav hlau hu ua "ze bomber-1" thiab tau tsim nrog lub cav M-88 nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 1100 horsepower. Su-2 tau tsim los ntawm peb lub hoobkas. Lub davhlau ceev ntawm Su-2 yog tshaj 490 km / h, thiab lub davhlau qhov siab yog 6000 meters. 6 rab phom tshuab tau muab tso rau ntawm lub nkoj. Lub foob pob ntawm SU-2 varied.
SU-2 yog ib qho ntawm thawj cov neeg tawg rog nkag mus rau hauv kev ua rog. Ua ntau yam haujlwm. Tom qab hloov kho rau SU-4.
YAK-9
Ntawm cov neeg tua rog uas koom nrog Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, nws tsim nyog hais txog tus qauv tshwj xeeb no. Txawm hais tias peb piv cov duab ntawm Lavxias teb sab aircraft, Yak-9 muaj nws tus kheej sab nrauv style. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1942. Yak-7b fighter los ua lub hauv paus. Los ntawm kev hloov cov khoom ntoo nrog txhuas, qhov hnyav ntawm cov fighter raug txo kom tsawg. Lub armament nyob rau hauv lub nkoj muaj ib tug hnyav tshuab rab phom thiab ib tug cannon. Lub dav hlau muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws aerobatic, maneuvered zoo thiab yooj yim los tswj. Nws kuj ua tau zoo dua cov qauv yav dhau los hauv qhov siab tshaj plaws thiab ntau yam. Cov duab no tau teev tseg rau txhua lub dav hlau ntawm 1944 chav kawm. Tag nrho cov khoom no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm sib ntaus sib tua nrog cov yeeb ncuab ua tub rog lub dav hlau.
Kev tsim cov dav hlau tau ua tiav ntau xyoo tom qab qhov kawg ntawm kev ua phem. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, kwv yees li 16,800 tsheb sib ntaus sib tua tau tsim nyob rau hauv ntau qhov kev hloov kho.
