keeb kwm ntawm Hnub Nyoog Nrab Hnub Nyoog yog tag nrho ntawm cov xwm txheej cuam tshuam nrog lub cev qhuav dej thiab tsim cov xeev, nrog kev tawm tsam ntawm kev ntseeg: Islam thiab Christianity, nrog kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov cheeb tsam thiab kev tsov kev rog ntawm kev ywj pheej. Ib qho ntawm cov xeev uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub caij nyoog nruab nrab yog Emirate ntawm Cordoba nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Iberian Peninsula. Tom qab lub emirate, lub Caliphate ntawm Cordoba muaj nyob rau hauv cov av no. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los txhais cov ntsiab lus no.
Emirate ntawm Cordoba: nws yog dab tsi?
Peb tab tom tham txog ib lub xeev uas tau tsim nyob rau thaj chaw ntawm Spain niaj hnub no hauv Hnub Nyoog Nruab Nrab. Qhov chaw ntawm lub emirate yog lub nroog Cordoba hauv Spain. Lub xeev kev ntseeg ntawm lub koom haum no yog Islam
Kev tsim ntawm emirate yog txuam nrog lub npe ntawm Emir Abd ar-Rahman I ntawm pawg Umayyad. Lub xeev tau tsim los ntawm nws hauv 756. Lub Emirate ntawm Cordoba muaj txog li 170 xyoo.
Yog li ntawd yog dab tsi emirate? Qhov no yog hom Islamic lub xeev, lub taub hau ntawm uas yog lub emir. Hauv qhov no, Emir ntawm Cordoba. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau qhov no muaj, nyob rau hauv lub caliphate lub taub hauyog caliph.
Kev tawm tsam hnyav ntawm Arabs, raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau kev tsim cov emirate
Keeb kwm ntawm Arab conquests nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe pib nrog ib qho kev ua pauj los ntawm tus kav nroog ntawm Ceuta Julian. Ceuta lub sijhawm ntawd tau koom nrog Byzantium. Nws yog tib lub nroog uas tawm tsam Arab tus kav Walid I, uas nthuav cov ciam teb ntawm Arab Caliphate mus rau ntug dej hiav txwv.
Cov zej zog zoo li no rau cov ntseeg nyob sab Europe yog qhov txaus ntshai heev. Julian txiav txim siab muab Ceuta rau cov neeg Arab tom qab Visigothic vajntxwv Roderic ua rau nws tus ntxhais Kava, uas raug xa mus rau lub tsev hais plaub hauv Toledo rau kev cob qhia thiab kev kawm.
Julian thiab Walid Kuv koom ua ke thiab xa ib pab tub rog tawm tsam Roderich. Thaum lub sij hawm muaj kev kub ntxhov, uas kav ntev li plaub xyoos, yuav luag tag nrho Iberian Peninsula tau subordinated rau Arab lub hwj chim.
Peb xyoos tom qab, Narbonne raug ntes los ntawm Arabs, thiab yim xyoo tom qab, Aquitanian cov khoom ntawm Nimes thiab Carcassonne.
Ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb hauv kev ua tsov rog Arab-European tau nyob los ntawm Abd ar-Rahman I, uas tau cuam tshuam nrog nws tus neeg sib tw nrog Utman ibn Naissa (Munuza). Ces nws thiaj txib nws cov tub rog tawm tsam nws cov phoojywg Ed ntawm Aquitaine thiab txeeb tau lub nroog Albijoie, Rouergue, Gevaudan, Velay, Autun, Sens, Oloron, Lescar, Boyonna, Auch, Dax, Eure-sur-Adur, Bordeaux, Garonne, Limousin, Perigueux, Sainte, Angouleme, lub xeev ntawm Bigorre, Comminges, Labourg, lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Saint-Sever thiab Saint-Savin. Nws cov tub rog mus txog Burgundy thiab pheej rov qabinvaded Gaul.
Lub sijhawm no ntawm kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam tau xaus ua tsaug rau kev sib koom ua tub rog ntawm Ed the Great thiab Charles Martel nrog rau kev vam meej ib ntus ntawm cov neeg European thiab kev sib npaug ntawm kev nom kev tswv tau ua tiav.
Stages of formation
| Chronological ntas | Events |
| 711 - 718 | Lub xeev ntawm Umayyad Caliphate (hauv nruab nrab hauv Baghdad) tau tsim nrog lub peev hauv Spain hauv nroog Cordoba, kav los ntawm emir. Cov yav tas tau xaiv los ntawm tus tswv xeev African. |
| 750 - 755 | Lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm lub xeev Umayyad thiab lub davhlau ntawm tus kav kawg ntawm qhov no mus rau tim lyiv teb chaws, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau Maghreb. Lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv lub emirate dhau mus rau Abbesid dynasty. |
| 755 - 756 |
Kev ntes ntawm Cordoba los ntawm Abd ar-Rahman Kuv thiab nws qhov kev xav ntawm lub npe ntawm Emir. Founding of the emirate. |
| 792 - 852 |
Abd ar-Rahman II tau coj tsoomfwv mus rau hauv kev ua haujlwm hauv lub xeev, tswj hwm cov haujlwm ntawm viziers. Tawm yuav luag txhua tus ntseeg los ntawm Iberian Peninsula. Tsim kev ywj pheej emirate. |
| Lub emirate ntawm Cordoba tau poob rau hauv kev lwj. Kev tawm tsam ntawm Berbers thiab Arabs txuas ntxiv mus. | |
| Ser. 8 xyoo pua - 1492 | Reconquest ntawm Spain thiab Portugal rau kev rov ua tiav ntawm thaj av ntawm Iberian Peninsula. |
| 891 - 961 | Abd ar-Rahman III tau coj kev sib ntaus sib tua tawm tsam cov neeg ntxeev siab, npaj kev ua tub rog ua tub rog tawm tsam cov ntseeg. tshaj tawmlub xeev caliphate. |
Raws li tus kav kawg, Emirate ntawm Cordoba mus txog qhov kawg.
Reconquista thiab Emirate
Nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua VIII. feem ntau ntawm thaj av ntawm Iberian Peninsula tau kov yeej los ntawm Arabs, uas tuaj ntawm no feem ntau los ntawm Africa thiab Iraq. Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua mob hnyav ntawm cov feudal powers ntawm Western Europe, cov thawj coj ntawm European lub xeev yuav tsum tau nkag mus rau hauv ib ntus unprofitable nom tswv alliances nrog Muslims. Lub Koom Txoos Catholic thiab chivalric tau txiav txim siab ua Crusades tawm tsam Arabs.
Ib yam tshwm sim ntawm kev sib cav sib ceg ntawm pej xeem thiab nruab nrab ntawm cov thawj coj Arab. Thiab lawv kuj tau teeb tsa lawv txoj haujlwm ua tub rog tawm tsam cov ntseeg.
Qhov kev txiav txim siab ua tiav ntawm cov neeg European thaum lub sijhawm Reconquista yog qhov xaus ntawm kev sib koom ua ke dynastic ntawm Isabella ntawm Castile thiab Ferdinand ntawm Aragon. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm lawv cov tub rog, nws muaj peev xwm xaus kev ua tsov rog, lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kov yeej Iberian Peninsula los ntawm Arabs thiab tsav lawv tawm ntawm Tebchaws Europe. Cov tebchaws Spanish tau los ua ib thaj chaw ntseeg.
