Adjectives muab faib ua peb pawg: zoo, muaj thiab txheeb ze. Txhua tus ntawm lawv ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev txhais lus hauv kab lus. Lawv kuj muaj cov cim qhia tsis tu ncua uas yuav tsum tau qhia thaum lub sij hawm tsom xam morphological: tus naj npawb, poj niam txiv neej thiab rooj plaub.
Khoom siv ntawm kev tsim khoom, spatial lossis lub cev ntawm lub cev, kev sib raug zoo rau txhua lub zej zog qhia txog cov npe txheeb ze. Piv txwv li: txiv tsawb lub vaj kaj siab (khoom siv), cua daj cua dub sab hnub poob (qhov chaw), nag hmo lub khob cij (sijhawm), suab nrov (cov zej zog).
Cov yam ntxwv no tsis suav los ntawm qhov pom ntawm qhov ntau, yog li, lawv tsis muaj qib sib piv. Tsis tuaj yeem muaj txiv tsawb txiv tsawb "ntau txiv tsawb" lossis, ntxiv rau, "txiv tsawb" lossis "txiv tsawb heev"!
Cov npe txheeb ze yog tsim los ntawm cov npe. Piv txwv li: pistachios - pistachio, oilcloth - oilcloth, Autumn - Autumn, ib tes - ib tug armed. Tab sis qee zaum, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm substantiation, lawv dhau mus rau hauv qeb ntawm lub npe: ib tug tub rog txiv neej - ib tug tub rog txiv neej, ib tug Lavxias teb sab txiv neej - Lavxias teb sab, chav dej - chav dej, ib tug me nyuam chav tsev - ib tug chaw zov me nyuam. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias qhov no, lawv tau inclined raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm adjectives.
Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias cov npe txheeb ze tsis tuaj yeem tsim daim ntawv luv. "ntoo" los ntawm "ntoo", "plums" los ntawm "plum", "rustic" los ntawm "rustic" - cov lus no tsuas muaj nyob rau hauv cov lus hais ntawm ib tug neeg tso dag uas txiav txim siab "ua si" nrog nws tus nplaig, distorting nws.
Relative adjectives tsis ua ke nrog adverbs, suav nrog lo lus "heev". Txhua leej txhua tus pom zoo tias cov nqe lus "heev pistachio", "heev doggy" los yog "dog windows" suab tsis zoo thiab txawm funny.
Hnub no, ntau tus neeg ua yeeb yam tau ua tiav "tua" cov yam ntxwv ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus, tsim cov lus zoo li: "Tsis yog, kuv txoj hmoo yuav zoo li dev ntau dua li koj li!" los yog "Zoo, ib tug txiv neej Russian heev! Cov neeg Lavxias tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg Lavxias tshaj plaws!”
Lwm qhov txawv ntawm qhov txheeb ze adjectives yog qhov tsis muaj antonyms. Thiab dab tsi antonyms (cov lus nrog lub ntsiab lus txawv) tuaj yeem lo lus "feline" lossis " rooj", "hluav taws xob" lossis "Lub Ib Hlis" muaj?
Yog tias ib tug neeg xaiv lub npe "dub" rau lo lus "miv", ces qhov no tsuas yog suav hais tias yog lus dag tab sis ua tsis tiav. Tom qab tag nrho, ob tus dev thiab miv tsuas yog cov tsiaj uas qee zaum sib cav. Tab sis lawv cov kev sib cav tsis yog ib txoj cai lij choj, yog li cov adjectives no tsis tuaj yeem hu ua antonyms. Nws tseem tsis tuaj yeem txhais cov lus txhais "Lub Rau Hli" lossis "Tsib Hlis" rau lub npe "Lub Ib Hlis", nws kuj yog qhov ruam los sim ua lub npe lo lus "ntoo" thiab "hlau" ua antonyms.
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg xws li ib tug feature ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus raws li kev txav ntawm ciam teb ntawm lexico-grammatical qeb ntawm adjectives. Ntawd yog, cov npe txheeb ze tuaj yeem hloov mus ua cov khoom muaj lossis cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv qee qhov ntsiab lus.
Ib qho piv txwv yuav yog lo lus "dub". Ua ke nrog lub npe "pob" nws tseem nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm cov txheeb ze adjectives, nrog rau lo lus "pob ntseg" nws twb hloov mus ua ib tug possessive, thiab cov kab lus "dub lub neej" yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws qhia txog lub neej zoo…
Ntawm no yog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm pawg no ntawm adjectives.
