Carbohydrates monosaccharides yog cov khoom yooj yim digestible uas tseem ceeb heev hauv tib neeg kev noj haus. Yog tias koj noj cov khoom uas nplua nuj nyob hauv cov khoom no, koj yuav raug them nrog lub zog tsim nyog rau ib hnub.
Yog li, ib qho monosaccharide yog ib qho heterofunctional compound. Tom ntej no, peb yuav ua tib zoo saib txhua yam, cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig thiab cov piv txwv.
YProperties ntawm monosaccharides
Yog li, cov tshuaj no pab tau li cas? Yuav pib nrog, peb taw qhia tias monosaccharide yog cov suab thaj yooj yim. Cia peb ib leeg tawm cov hom hauv qab no:
- glucose;
- galactose;
- fructose.
Nco ntsoov tias txawm tias tib lub mis molecular (C6H12O6), txhua tus muaj cov isomers sib txawv. Raws li qhov no, lawv muaj ntau yam khoom, uas peb yuav xav txog hauv kev nthuav dav, tab sis ua ntej ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nco ntsoov cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm monosaccharides.
tshuaj muaj zog
Ib qho ntawm peb pawg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem muaj nyob hauv monosaccharide molecule:
- carbonyl;
- cawv hydroxyl;
- hemacetal hydroxyl.
Dab tsi ua haujlwm pab pawg muaj monosaccharide, thiab nws cov tshuajkhoom. Ib qho tseem ceeb heev ntawm monosaccharides yog fermentation, uas cuam tshuam feem ntau hexoses. Raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov enzyme, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv qab no yog qhov txawv:
- Y cawv fermentation;
- lactic acid;
- butyric;
- citric acid;
- acetone-butanol.
Nco ntsoov tias monosaccharide yog carbohydrate uas, nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm oxidation, tso tawm ntau lub zog, yog li cov tshuaj no tsim nyog rau peb hauv lub neej. Cia peb txav mus rau kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov monosaccharides xws li qabzib, fructose thiab galactose.
YGlucose
Tej zaum, hauv nws lub neej txhua tus neeg tau hnov txog qabzib thiab nws cov txiaj ntsig. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub zog, tseem ceeb heev rau kev ua pa ntawm tes, qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov protein.
Glucose yog monosaccharide uas yog qhov khoom noj rau lub hlwb. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tswj hwm lub siab lub ntsws ntawm tus neeg, nrog rau qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov khoom no, nws yuav chim siab, tsis tswj tus kheej, thiab tsis muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab.
Raws li txoj cai, cov piam thaj tsis pom hauv cov khoom hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab, nws yog ib feem ntawm cov carbohydrates ntau dua. Thaum lawv nkag mus rau peb lub cev nrog zaub mov, cov tshuaj complex tau tawg ua cov khoom yooj yim. Nov yog qhov peb lub cev tau txais cov piam thaj thiab lub zog tsim nyog.
Nco ntsoov tias monosaccharides (nrog rau cov piam thaj) tau nqus sai sai rau hauv cov ntshav, yog li lawv xav tau tom qab kev cob qhia thiab thaum sawv ntxov. Nws yog tsim nyog noj tsis cloying thiab qab zibcov zaub mov tiav thiab tau txais koj koob tshuaj los ntawm cov khoom noj ntuj xws li txiv hmab txiv ntoo, yogurt, thiab ntau dua.
YFructose
qhov no monosaccharide pom nyob qhov twg? Cov no yog zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zib ntab thiab khoom qab zib. Los ntawm qhov chaw fructose nyob, nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo kuj nyob ntawm. Yog tias koj noj cov khoom ntuj, koj cov metabolism yuav zoo dua, koj yuav saturate lub cev nrog cov vitamins thiab minerals uas tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev.
Raws li tau hais ua ntej, qhov chaw ntawm fructose nyob ntawm nws cov khoom. Piv txwv li, noj syrup thiab ib tug natural txiv apples. Muaj ntau ntau ntawm no monosaccharide nyob rau hauv syrup, uas yog muab nyob rau hauv ib tug yooj yim daim ntawv, thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug natural khoom nws yog tsawg, tab sis nws yog nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog nrog rau lwm yam tseem ceeb kab. Yog li, piv txwv li, hauv ib lub kaus poom dej qab zib, cov ntsiab lus fructose yog ntau dua, tab sis noj txiv apples zoo dua. Cov kua qab zib tsuas muaj ib qho fructose xwb, thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub muaj cov khoom tsim nyog uas pab lub cev nqus tau nws zoo dua.
Vim li cas, yog tias cov kua qab zib muaj fructose ntau, koj yuav tsum xav txog kev txo qis kev siv cov khoom no? Yuav pib nrog, qhov ntau tshaj ntawm cov monosaccharide hauv lub cev ua rau kev noj qab haus huv tsis zoo, qhov hnyav nce, cov roj (cholesterol) ntau dhau thiab txo qis qab los noj mov. Nws yog teeb meem heev los siv fructose ua sweetener. Cov zaub mov no yuav tsum tau noj kom tsawg.
Galactose
thawj yamKuv xav kom nco ntsoov tias galactose, zoo li fructose lossis qabzib, tsis tshwm sim hauv cov xwm txheej hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab. Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm xws li ib tug tshuaj tiv thaiv raws li lub hydrolysis ntawm lactose. Nws nyob qhov twg? Tau kawg, nyob rau hauv cov mis nyuj, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog rau cov tsiaj txhu (nrog rau tib neeg).
Nco ntsoov tias nws tsim glycolipids thiab glycoprotein, uas tsim nyog rau cov ntaub so ntswg hauv lub cev. Dab tsi ntxiv yog galactose rau? Tau kawg, kom lub cev tsim lactose. Qhov no siv rau cov poj niam pub niam mis. Qhov no tshwm sim li cas, thiab yuav ua li cas kom tau galactose? Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum noj cov zaub mov uas muaj cov piam thaj ntau, lub cev ua haujlwm rau hauv galactose, uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov kua mis los ntawm cov qog mammary. Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom los ntawm qhov piv txwv no, tag nrho cov monosaccharides sib cuam tshuam, qee qhov yuav tshwm sim ntawm tus nqi ntawm lwm tus.
Raws li cov khoom ntawm galactose, lawv txawv ntawm cov khoom ntawm lwm cov monosaccharides. Nrog rau nws, koj tuaj yeem tswj koj qhov hnyav, nws yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev noj zaub mov noj, vim nws muab lub cev nrog lub zog txhawb zog uas kav ntev dua. Yog vim li cas cov neeg ncaws pob muaj zog ntau dua li tus neeg uas tsis muaj dab tsi ua rau kev ua kis las.
Monosaccharides. Piv txwv
Tam sim no xav txog lo lus nug tseem ceeb: cov tshuaj no nyob qhov twg? Lub hauv paus ntawm lub zog thiab kev noj qab haus huv yog monosaccharides. Piv txwv ntawm cov khoom noj uas muaj cov tshuaj no:
- Cereals. Yog tias koj siv lawv nrog ntxiv qab zib, cesLawv muaj ob qho tib si fructose thiab qabzib. Nws yuav ua li cas? Bakery khoom, muesli, cereals, pasta thiab lwm yam.
- txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab txiv ntoo. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txawm tias ketchup poob rau hauv pawg no, txij li lub txiv lws suav yog txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Peb kuj suav nrog cov zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo khov, jams, syrups, compotes, preserves thiab lwm yam khoom.
- Cov khoom noj mis nyuj. Lawv muaj cov piam thaj thiab lactose, suav nrog mis nyuj, yogurt, cream cheese, ice cream, thiab lwm yam.
- Med.
- Sweets.
- Syrups.
- Ua txhaum.
Qhov no tsis yog tag nrho cov npe ntawm cov khoom uas muaj carbohydrate monosaccharides. Lawv kuj muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam dej qab zib, uas muaj teeb meem rau tib neeg. Nws tsim nyog muab qhov nyiam rau cov khoom ntuj tsim.
