Cov pob zeb hauv av magnetite muaj lub npe qub - cov hlau nplaum hlau. Qhov no yog ib qho ntxhia zoo sib xws. Nws twb paub txog txij thaum ancient sij hawm, siv raws li ib tug compass. Cov pob zeb no yog qhov txaus siab rau Plato. Qhov tseeb yog tias tus kws tshawb fawb pom tias magnetite tuaj yeem nyiam thiab nyiam los ntawm lwm yam khoom. Thiab thaum sib cuam tshuam nrog lub cev, nws muaj peev xwm hloov nws lub zog. Tau kawg, cov kws tshawb fawb thaum ub txhais tau tias cov khoom sib nqus, tab sis lub sijhawm ntawd lawv tseem tsis tau pom, thiab Plato, alas, tsis muaj pov thawj tshawb fawb txog qhov tshwm sim no.
Vim li cas magnetite thiaj li hu ua?
- Raws li cov lus dab neeg, muaj ib tug neeg yug yaj Greek hu ua Magnes, nws cov ntsia hlau hauv nws nkawm khau thiab ib feem ntawm nws cov neeg ua haujlwm tau ua los ntawm cov pob zeb no. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, lawv tau nyiam rau cov khoom sib txawv.
- Raws li lwm yam, lub npe tuaj ntawm lub nroog Turkish ntawm Magnesia, nyob ze uas muaj ib lub roob nto moo uas raug xob laim ntau zaus.
Ntxim qab kawg, muaj ib lub roob nyob rau hauv lub Urals, tag nrho ntawm cov mineral magnetite. Nws lub npe -Sib nqus roob. Kuj tseem muaj Ethiopian Mount Zimir, nto moo rau kev nyiam txhua tus ntsia hlau thiab hlau khoom ntawm nkoj. Nws yog qhov yooj yim los twv tias feem ntau nws muaj cov hlau nplaum.
Cov yam ntxwv no tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov hlau nplaum hlau muaj 70 feem pua ntawm cov hlau ntshiab. Thiab, raws li koj paub, hlau muaj cov khoom sib nqus.
Vim yog cov cuab yeej zoo li magnetization, hlau ore hu ua nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog - hlau nplaum. Tom qab ntawd nws tau hu ua magnetic hlau ore, thiab tom qab ntawd - tsuas yog magnetite, uas tsis hloov nws cov khoom nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev.
Formula
Xav txog cov tshuaj formula ntawm magnetite. Cov ntxhia yog sawv cev los ntawm cov khoom siv dub crystalline. Yog koj saib daim duab no ces yuav tsis muaj kev xyiv fab hlo li.
Magnetite's formula is known as FeOFe2O3or Fe3O 4.
Qhov ntawd yog, nws yog qhov sib xyaw ntawm ob oxides - ferrous thiab ferric hlau.
Paub qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hlau nplaum, nws yooj yim los xam tias cov hlau nplaum hlau muaj 70 feem pua ntawm cov hlau ntshiab. 30 qhov seem yog oxygen.
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom hauv daim duab, cov pob zeb no muaj cov xim hlau nplaum, tsis tshua muaj matte thiab tsis pob tshab.
Cov khoom ntawm cov ntxhia magnetite
Tau kawg, peb nkag siab tias cov lus dab neeg zoo li hais dhau los, mus rau qhov hu ua grotesque, tab sis qee yam pib ua rau lawv lub ntsej muag.
Cov lus dab neeg no hais txog roob thiab cov neeg yug yaj yog raws li cov khoom muaj zog ferromagnetichlau ore. Ntxiv mus, magnetite xuab zeb, uas yog, magnetite, coj los ntawm kev sib tsoo rau lub xeev ntawm xuab zeb, kuj muaj cov khoom zoo sib xws. Daim duab qhia tias nws zoo li cas.
Kev sib nqus ntawm cov hlau ore muaj zog heev uas nws tuaj yeem hloov cov ntawv nyeem los ntawm kev nyiam cov ncej ntawm lub cuab yeej.
Ib qho ntxiv ntawm nws cov yam ntxwv yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm conchoidal. Nws txhais li cas? Ib qho kev puas tsuaj ntawm conchoidal yog tsim thaum cov khoom uas tau kawm yog sib cais, thaum lub pob tawg nws tus kheej zoo ib yam li lub plhaub ntawm bivalve mollusk. Tag nrho cov no yog vim muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab lub cev muaj zog hauv cov khoom. Li no lub npe - conchoidal tawg (vim qhov zoo sib xws nrog lub plhaub).
Cov pob zeb hauv av magnetite yog nkig, nws yog ib qho semiconductor, tab sis nws cov hluav taws xob conductivity tsawg.
Raws li tau hais ua ntej, nws yog qhov sib nqus heev. Cov cuab yeej no tau hais kom cov ntxhia tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov ntawv nyeem. Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov no yog li cas lawv pom nws: yog hais tias lub compass koob coj txawv txawv, ces cov ntxhia nyob ze. Tom qab tag nrho, nws "rushes" nruab nrab ntawm tus ncej ib txwm thiab cov tsiaj uas nyiam nws.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas Curie point yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 550 Kelvin mus rau 600. Yog hais tias qhov kub thiab txias, ces cov hlau yog ferromagnetic, yog hais tias nws yog siab dua, ces nws yog paramagnetic.
Curie point (Curie kub) yog dab tsi?
Tam sim no nws tseem yuav nkag siab cov ntsiab lus no. Ua ntej, cia peb kawm seb Curie point yog dab tsi. Lo lus no txhais tau hais tias cov theem hloov pauv kub uas cov khoom ntawm cov khoom hloov pauv. Piv txwv li, hlau ua malleable thiabyas, thiab magnetite ua paramagnetic.
ferromagnetism yog dab tsi?
Peb siv lo lus no ntau dua ib zaug hauv kab lus no, tab sis tsis tau hais txog nws lub ntsiab lus. Peb yuav kho qhov yuam kev tam sim no.
Ferromagnetism yog, oddly txaus, ferromagnets. Cov tom kawg no muaj npe vim lawv muaj peev xwm ua tau hlau nplaum yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam sab nraud, xws li lub zog teb.
Paramagnetism yog dab tsi?
Raws li, cia peb xam seb paramagnetism yog dab tsi. Ua li no, peb yuav muab ib qho kev piav qhia ntawm lub tswvyim ntawm "paramagnets". Cov no yog cov khoom uas nyob rau hauv lub zog teb, uas yog nyob rau hauv ib tug sab nraud magnetic teb, yog magnetized nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub zog teb.
Nws yog qhov xav tau los xav tias diamagnets yog magnetized nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no tiv thaiv kev coj ntawm sab nraud magnetic teb.
Tab sis cia peb tsis txhob delve rau hauv lub ncauj lus no. Yuav kom nkag siab zoo, koj yuav tsum tau sau ib tsab xov xwm cais, vim cov ntaub ntawv no tau sau nrog cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb, thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem nkag siab lub ntsiab lus no hauv ob peb kab lus.
Impurities hauv magnetite
Ntau zaus sib nqus hlau ore muaj impurities xws li manganese, vanadium, titanium, chromium thiab lwm yam. Yog hais tias qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm xws li impurities nyob rau hauv magnetite loj, ces ntau yam ntawm cov ntxhia no txawv. Piv txwv li, titanomagnetite, nws tseem hu ua ilmenite.
Magnetite deposits
Cov pob zeb no muaj ntau thiab ntau heev. Feem ntau nws pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov hlau ores. Feem ntau, qhov no yug yog tsim los ntawmmetamorphic lossis magmatic transformations.
Muaj cov tso nyiaj ntawm tatanomagnetite hauv Chelyabinsk cheeb tsam. Yuav kom meej meej, qhov chaw no hu ua Kusinsky teb. Ntawm qhov chaw no, cov ores feem ntau muaj cov hlau nplaum saum toj no, chlorite thiab ilmenite.
Lub Kopan titanomagnetite tso nyiaj kuj tau tsim. Nws nyob rau yav qab teb Urals.
Raws li peb hais, pob zeb no muaj ntau heev, yog li cov hlau nplaum hlau nplaum muaj nyob hauv Canada, South Africa, New York, thiab lwm yam.
Npaj zoo, magnetite tsis tau siv dav hauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Txawm li cas los xij, leej twg tuaj yeem yuav cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub ua los ntawm cov pob zeb no, xws li cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub yog pheej yig, thiab txhua tus neeg yuav khoom tuaj yeem them taus. Koj tuaj yeem yuav ib lub nplhaib hlau nplaum, nws tus nqi kwv yees yog 600-700 rubles. Tab sis qhov no, tau kawg, nyob ntawm lub teb chaws uas koj yuav cov khoom.
Ntxiv rau cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, nws kuj tseem siv hauv ferrous metallurgy, ua hlau los ntawm nws. Nws kuj tseem siv los tsim vanadium thiab phosphorus. Nws yog tseeb hais tias magnetite yog lub ntsiab ore rau hlau mining. Cov ntxhia no tau pom daim ntawv thov hauv tshuaj. Vim nws cov khoom sib nqus, nws yog siv los tshem tawm cov khoom hlau los ntawm txoj hlab pas.
Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem sau cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob hauv kab lus. Cov ntxhia magnetite lossis hlau nplaum hlau ore muaj ntau heev. Yog hais tias koj nqa ib tug puv tes ntawm xuab zeb, ces muaj ib tug zoo caij nyoog uas koj yuav muaj ib tug grain ntawm hlau nplaum hlau nyob rau hauv koj txhais tes. Cov ntxhia no yog qhov txawv txav hauv nws cov khoom, uas yog vim li cas nws thiaj li siv tau ntau tshaj plawsthaj chaw sib txawv.
