Stalin nqi zog yog dab tsi? Laureates ntawm Stalin nqi zog

Cov txheej txheem:

Stalin nqi zog yog dab tsi? Laureates ntawm Stalin nqi zog
Stalin nqi zog yog dab tsi? Laureates ntawm Stalin nqi zog
Anonim

Cov pej xeem ntawm USSR, uas tau ua tiav kev muaj tswv yim zoo hauv txhua qhov haujlwm, tau txhawb nqa los ntawm cov khoom plig tseem ceeb ntawm lub tebchaws. Qhov khoom plig Stalin tau muab tsub rau cov neeg uas txhim kho txoj hauv kev tsim khoom, nrog rau cov neeg tsim kev tshawb fawb, thev naus laus zis, thiab cov qauv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev kos duab (ntawv nyeem, ua yeeb yam, xinesmas, painting, duab puab, architecture).

Stalin nqi zog
Stalin nqi zog

YJoseph Stalin

Muaj ib qho khoom plig hu ua tus thawj coj rau kaum peb xyoos - txij xyoo 1940 txog 1953, thiab tau tsim ua ntej me ntsis - thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1939. Qhov khoom plig Stalin tsis muaj lub xeev cov nyiaj, cov neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig tau txais nyiaj los ntawm tus kheej cov nyiaj hli ntawm IV Stalin, uas yog loj raws li txoj cai - nws ob txoj haujlwm tau them kaum txhiab rubles txhua hli.

Cov nqi zog kuj tseem muaj nuj nqis rau kev tshaj tawm cov thawj coj cov phau ntawv nyob rau hauv USSR thiab txawv teb chaws, uas kuj muaj ntau, thiab cov nyiaj them nyob rau hnub ntawd kuj loj heev (Alexei Tolstoy txawm los ua thawj tus neeg nplua nuj hauv Soviet). Qhov khoom plig Stalin tau txais heevnyiaj ntau, yuav luag txhua yam. Yog vim li cas tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus thawj coj, ib tug meager tus nqi tseem nyob rau hauv nws cov nyiaj khaws tseg - cuaj puas rubles, thaum lub sij hawm nruab nrab cov nyiaj hli ntawm ib tug neeg ua hauj lwm feem ntau tshaj xya puas.

Laureates ntawm Stalin nqi zog
Laureates ntawm Stalin nqi zog

History

Xyoo 1939, thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis, lub hnub yug rau xyoo ntawm tus thawj coj tau ua kev zoo siab, thiab ua kev qhuas ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim no muaj lub npe hu ua tom qab nws tshwm sim. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1940, Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Tib Neeg tau txiav txim siab los tsim khoom plig ntawm ib puas txhiab rubles (1st degree), tsib caug txhiab rubles (2nd degree) thiab nees nkaum tsib txhiab rubles (3rd degree) rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev sau ntawv tej hauj lwm (prose, paj huam., dramaturgy, literary criticism), as well as for achievements in other fields of art. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov khoom plig tau muab tsub txhua xyoo rau cov nuj nqis uas tau txais txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb rau kev tshawb fawb, kab lis kev cai, thev naus laus zis lossis lub koom haum tsim khoom.

Hauv xyoo 1941, Stalin Prize tau muab khoom plig rau thawj tus neeg yeej. Tus tuav ntaub ntawv rau tus naj npawb ntawm Stalin Prizes muab khoom plig yog S. V. Ilyushin, nto moo aircraft designer, xya lub sij hawm cim los ntawm tshwj xeeb saib xyuas ntawm cov thawj coj. Cov thawj coj ua yeeb yaj kiab Yu. A. Raizman thiab I. A. Pyriev, kws sau ntawv K. M. Simonov, tus tsim lub dav hlau A. S. Yakovlev, composer S. S. Prokofiev thiab lwm tus tau txais qhov khoom plig rau lub sijhawm txhua. Actresses Marina Ladynina thiab Alla Tarasova tau los ua tsib lub sij hawm yeej ntawm Stalin nqi zog.

Stalin nqi zog USSR
Stalin nqi zog USSR

Institution

Lub USSR Stalin nqi zog (thawj hu ua Stalin nqi zog) tau tsim los ntawm ob txoj cai. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 20, 1939, Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Neeg Ua Haujlwm tau txiav txim siab: kaum rau xyoo khoom plig muaj npe tom qabStalin (100 txhiab rubles) muab khoom plig rau cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov kws ua yeeb yam rau cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv cov haujlwm hauv qab no: technical, lub cev thiab lej, lom neeg, tshuaj lom neeg, kev kho mob, kev ua liaj ua teb, kev lag luam, kev xav, kev cai lij choj thiab keeb kwm thiab philological sciences, painting, suab paj nruag, duab puab., theatrical art, architecture, cinematography.

Tseem muaj kaum qhov khoom plig ntawm thawj qib, nees nkaum - thib ob, peb caug - qhov thib peb rau kev tsim khoom zoo tshaj plaws, ntxiv rau peb qhov khoom plig ntawm thawj qib, tsib - thib ob thiab kaum - qib thib peb rau qhov tshwj xeeb ua tiav hauv kev paub txog tub rog. Ib qho kev txiav txim cais hais txog cov kws sau ntawv uas tau txais txiaj ntsig Stalin txhua xyoo tau txais kev pom zoo thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1940, thiab nws tau qhia tias plaub qhov khoom plig ntawm thawj qib yog vim muaj yeej hauv txhua hom kev sau ntawv: kev hais lus, paj huam, sau ntawv thuam, ua yeeb yam.

muab khoom plig rau Stalin
muab khoom plig rau Stalin

Kev hloov pauv

Qhov luaj li cas ntawm Stalin nqi zog hauv rubles thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig tau hloov pauv ntau zaus, thiab yeej tsis poob qis, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws - tsis yog ib tus neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm thawj qib, piv txwv li, twb nyob rau xyoo 1940 muaj peb hauv. txhua qhov kev xaiv tsa. Nyob rau hauv 1942, tus nqi (thawj degree) tau nce mus rau ob puas txhiab rubles. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1949 ib tug tshiab tshwm sim - lub International "Rau lub zog ntawm kev kaj siab lug ntawm haiv neeg". Nws faib cov khoom plig ncaj qha mus rau Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Neeg Sawv Cev, uas tau tsim ob pawg neeg tshwj xeeb: ib qho ua haujlwm ntawm kev qhuas khoom plig hauv kev tshawb fawb, kev paub tub rog thiab kev tsim khoom, thiab qhov thib ob tau hais txog cov ntawv nyeem thiabart.

Thaum xub thawj, tsuas yog ua haujlwm tshiab uas tau ua tiav hauv ib xyoos tau ua kev zoo siab. Cov neeg thov uas ua tiav lawv cov haujlwm hauv cov nqe lus tom qab nruab nrab Lub Kaum Hli tau suav nrog hauv cov npe ntawm xyoo tom ntej. Tom qab ntawd cov sijhawm kawg tau hloov kho, thiab cov neeg yeej tuaj yeem yog cov neeg uas tsim nyog tau txais qhov khoom plig rau kev ua haujlwm dhau los rau rau rau rau xya xyoo. Yog li, cov neeg uas tau txais txiaj ntsig Stalin nqi zog pom lawv tus kheej hauv cov xwm txheej zoo. Ntau cov lus pov thawj qhia tias Iosif Vissarionovich tau coj ncaj ncees tshaj plaws hauv kev faib khoom plig hauv nws lub npe (thiab nws tus kheej nyiaj txiag), qee zaum qhov kev txiav txim siab yuav luag ib leeg.

Kev ua lag luam

Tom qab Stalin tuag, qhov kev xav tsis pom, yog li cov nqi tshaj tawm tsis tuaj yeem siv los txhawb cov neeg yeej. Tom qab xyoo 1954, Stalin nqi zog tau tso tseg. Tom qab ntawd qhov kev tshaj tawm tsis zoo los tshem tawm cov kev ntseeg ntawm tus thawj coj pib.

Hauv xyoo 1956, Lenin nqi zog tau tsim, uas qhov tseeb hloov pauv Stalin nqi zog. Laureates ntawm Stalin nqi zog tom qab xyoo 1966 tau hloov daim ntawv pov thawj thiab cov cim ntawm kev hwm. Txawm tias lub npe tau hloov pauv txhua qhov chaw, hauv encyclopedias thiab cov phau ntawv siv, Stalin Prize pib hu ua State Prize ntawm USSR. Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov yeej tau dhau los ua mystified thiab dosed.

Txoj cai sib cais

Muaj ib qho kev daws teeb meem tshwj xeeb ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Neeg Sawv Cev ntawm kev ncaj ncees faib khoom plig ntawm ntau tus neeg koom nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm uas nws tau txais txiaj ntsig. Yog tias ob tug neeg (co-sau) tau txais ib qho khoom plig, ces tus nqi tau muab faib sib npaug. Rau peb, qhov kev faib tawm txawv: tus thawj coj tau txaisib nrab, thiab ob tus neeg ua yeeb yam - ib feem peb ntawm tag nrho cov nyiaj. Yog tias muaj neeg coob coob ces tus thawj coj tau txais ib feem peb, tus so tau sib npaug hauv pab pawg.

Stalin nqi zog 2nd chav kawm
Stalin nqi zog 2nd chav kawm

thawj tus yeej ntawm Stalin nqi zog hauv physics - P. L. Kapitsa, hauv lej - A. N. Kolmogorov, hauv biology - T. D. Lysenko, hauv tshuaj - A. A. Bogomolets, V. P. Filatov, N. N. Burdenko, hauv geology - V. A. Obruchev gunsmith V. A. Degtyarev tau sau tseg rau inventions, nyob rau hauv aircraft tsim - S. A. Lavochkin, painting - A. M. Gerasimov, nyob rau hauv duab puab - V. I. Mukhina.

Tus tsim qauv ntawm Kyiv thiab Komsomolskaya metro chaw nres tsheb, kws kes duab vajtse D. N. Chechulin, kuj tau txais txiaj ntsig Stalin nqi zog. A. N. Tolstoy tau txais nws rau phau ntawv "Peter the Great", M. A. Sholokhov - rau qhov tshiab "Quiet Don", thiab tus kws ua yeeb yam N. F. Pogodin tau txais txiaj ntsig tom qab ua yeeb yam "Tus txiv neej nrog rab phom"..

Cov ntaub ntawv tau tshuaj xyuas li cas

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev khaws ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb tau txiav txim siab ua ntej nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, cov kws tshaj lij ntawm cov kws tshaj lij, thiab txawm tias tag nrho cov koom haum tshawb fawb, sib haum rau qhov tshwj xeeb. Tom qab ntawd qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tau dhau los ua kom tiav thiab ua tiav nrog kev tawm tswv yim tshwj xeeb rau Pawg Neeg Sawv Cev ntawm Cov Neeg Sawv Cev ntawm USSR.

Yog tias tsim nyog, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov koom haum tshawb fawb thiab cov koom haum tshawb fawb tau tuaj koom lub rooj sib tham ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas. Kev txiav txim siab tau ua los ntawm kev pov npav kaw.

Tom qab tau txais qhov khoom plig, txhua tus neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig tau txais cov npe sib xws thiab daim ntawv teev npe ntawm tus neeg tau txais txiaj ntsigQhov khoom plig Stalin, uas yuav tsum tau hnav ntawm sab xis ntawm qhov kev txiav txim. Nws yog ua los ntawm cov nyiaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug convex oval, them nrog dawb enamel thiab bordered rau hauv qab nrog ib tug kub laurel wreath. Cov enamel piav qhia txog lub hnub tuaj - golden rays, tawm tsam uas lub hnub qub liab enamel nrog lub npoo golden ci rau saum. Cov ntawv sau hauv cov ntawv kub nyeem: "Rau tus Laureate ntawm Stalin nqi zog."

Lub sab saum toj ntawm lub oval yog framed los ntawm corrugated ribbon ntawm xiav enamel nrog kub trim, uas tau sau "USSR". Ib lub phaj nyiaj thiab gilded, uas ib daim paib ntawm kev hwm tau txuas los ntawm lub qhov muag thiab lub nplhaib, kuj tseem muaj cov ntawv sau: nws tau qhia nyob rau hauv Arabic cov lej xyoo uas tau txais khoom plig. Kev tshaj tawm hauv xov xwm hais txog cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm xyoo tam sim no ib txwm tshwm sim rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 21 - hnub yug ntawm I. V. Stalin.

Tsov Rog

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo txaus ntshai ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, qhov khoom plig siab no kuj pom cov neeg uas txawv ntawm lawv tus kheej, txij li cov neeg txawj ntse muaj tswv yim ua haujlwm zoo li tsis tau ua dhau los - hauv kev muaj zog patriotic impulse thiab nrog kev pib ua haujlwm ntev. Cov kws tshawb fawb Soviet, cov kws tsim kho tshiab, thiab cov neeg tsim khoom tau paub zoo tias tam sim no lub tebchaws xav tau lawv txoj haujlwm ntau dua li lub sijhawm muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb thiab kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb. Txawm tias xyoo 1941 coj qhov kev ua tiav zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse hauv yuav luag txhua qhov chaw ntawm lub neej.

Kev lag luam tau rov txhim kho ntawm kev ua tsov rog, cov khoom siv raw tau nthuav dav, muaj peev xwm ntau lawm. Stalin nqi zog ntawm thawj degree tau muab tsub rau kev ua hauj lwm ntawm ib pab pawg neeg ntawm kev kawm nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm lub USSR Academy ntawm Sciences V. L.metallurgy, lub zog, khoom siv hauv tsev thiab lwm yam. Qhov tshwm sim yog kev nthuav dav loj hauv txhua yam kev lag luam.

N. D. Zelinsky tau ua ntau yam rau kev tiv thaiv chemistry. Nws kuj tau txais qhov khoom plig no. Xib Fwb M. V. Keldysh thiab Tus Neeg Sib Tw ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb E. P. Grossman tau ua haujlwm hnyav rau kev lag luam hauv Soviet aircraft: lawv tau tsim txoj kev xav ntawm elastic vibrations thiab tuaj nrog ib txoj hauv kev los xam cov dav hlau rau flutter, uas lawv tau txais khoom plig Stalin, 2nd degree.

YDmitry Shostakovich

Tshaj tawm ntawm lub zog muaj tswv yim, tus kws sau ntawv sau nws lub npe nrov "Seventh Symphony" nyob rau hauv lub nroog Leningrad ua ntej kev khiav tawm. Qhov haujlwm no tam sim ntawd nkag mus rau hauv lub txhab nyiaj ntawm lub ntiaj teb suab paj nruag kos duab. Kev kov yeej txhua tus tib neeg, kev npaj txhij mus tua kom tuag nrog lub zog tsaus ntuj, qhov tseeb tsis muaj zog uas suab hauv txhua daim ntawv, yeej kev lees paub thoob ntiaj teb tam sim ntawd thiab mus ib txhis. Xyoo 1942, txoj haujlwm no tau txais txiaj ntsig Stalin Prize ntawm thawj qib.

actress Stalin nqi zog
actress Stalin nqi zog

Dmitry Shostakovich - peb zaug ntxiv tus yeej ntawm Stalin nqi zog ntxiv rau thawj zaug: rau qhov zoo nkauj trio xyoo 1946 - thawj qib khoom plig, thiab tom qab ntawd - lub npe ntawm Cov Neeg Ua Yeeb Yam ntawm RSFSR, xyoo 1950 nws oratorio "Cov Nkauj ntawm Hav Zoov" tau txais khoom plig Stalin ntawm qhov thib ob degree "rau cov nqe lus ntawm Dolmatovsky thiab suab paj nruag rau zaj duab xis "Lub Caij Nplooj Ntoos Zeeg Berlin". Xyoo 1952, nws tau txais lwm qhov khoom plig Stalin ntawm qib thib ob rau kev sib tw rau pawg hu nkauj.

Faina Ranevskaya

Tau ntau xyoo, cov neeg nyiam ua haujlwm, leej twg tsis tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua yeeb yaj kiab. Nws yog tshwj xeebtxuj ci actress. Nws tau txais Stalin nqi zog peb zaug: ob zaug hauv qib thib ob thiab ib zaug hauv peb.

Tus actress tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm Stalin nqi zog
Tus actress tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm Stalin nqi zog

Xyoo 1949 - rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm Losev tus poj niam hauv Stein "Txoj Cai Kev Ncaj Ncees" (Moscow Drama Theatre), xyoo 1951 - rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm Agrippina hauv Suvorov's "Dawn over Moscow" (kev ua yeeb yam zoo ib yam), Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo - rau lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Frau Wurst nyob rau hauv cov zaj duab xis "Lawv Muaj Niam Txiv". Nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus, txhua lub luag hauj lwm ua los ntawm Faina Georgievna tuaj yeem tau txais qhov kev qhuas no, txij li cov classics ntawm Soviet xinesmas feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm tus neeg ua yeeb yam, tus yeej ntawm Stalin nqi zog. Nws tau zoo nyob rau hauv nws lub sijhawm, thiab txawm tias tam sim no tej zaum tsis muaj tus neeg uas tsis paub nws lub npe.

Pom zoo: