Biography ntawm Bronislav Malinovsky yog ze ze rau kev mus ncig.
Txij xyoo 1910, Malinowski tau kawm txog kev lag luam hauv London Tsev Kawm Ntawv Kev Lag Luam (LSE) raws li Seligman thiab Westermarck, txheeb xyuas Australian Aboriginal economic qauv los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ethnographic.
Xyoo 1914 nws tau txais txoj hauv kev mus rau New Guinea, nrog rau tus kws tshawb fawb txog keeb kwm R. R. Marett, tab sis Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib tau pib, thiab Malinowski yog pej xeem Austrian thiab yog li ntawd yog ib tug yeeb ncuab ntawm British Commonwe alth, thiab yog li ntawd ua tsis tau. rov qab mus rau Askiv. Txawm li cas los xij, tsoomfwv Australia tau tso cai rau nws thiab nyiaj txiag los ua haujlwm ntawm haiv neeg hauv lawv thaj chaw, thiab Malinovsky tau txiav txim siab mus rau Trobriand Islands hauv Melanesia, qhov chaw uas nws tau siv ntau xyoo los kawm txog kab lis kev cai ntawm cov neeg hauv paus txawm.
Ntawm nws rov qab los rau Askiv tom qab tsov rog, nws tau tshaj tawm nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb The Argonauts ntawm Western Pacific (1922), uas tau tsim nws los ua ib tus kws tshawb fawb tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe thaum lub sijhawm. Nws tuav txoj haujlwm qhia thiab tom qab ntawd ua tus thawj coj ntawm pawg saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv ntawm LSE tau nyiam ntau tuscov tub ntxhais kawm thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev txhim kho ntawm British social anthropology.
Ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais kawm lub sijhawm no yog cov kws tshawb fawb zoo li Raymond Firth, E. Evans-Pritchard, Edmund Leach, Audrey Richards thiab Meyer Fortes. Los ntawm 1933 nws tau mus xyuas ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv Asmeskas, thiab thaum Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II tau tshwm sim nws tau txiav txim siab nyob ntawd, teem caij rau Yale. Nyob ntawd nws tseem nyob mus txog thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej, tseem cuam tshuam ntau tiam neeg ntawm American anthropologists - nyob rau hauv no hwm, kev tshawb fawb ntawm Bronisław Malinowski yog heev fruitful.
Tus kws tshawb fawb zoo
Nws haiv neeg keeb kwm ntawm Trobriand Islands tau piav qhia txog lub tsev haujlwm nyuaj ntawm Kula nplhaib thiab tau los ua lub hauv paus rau cov kev xav tom ntej ntawm kev sib raug zoo thiab kev sib pauv. Nws kuj tau raug suav hais tias yog ib tus neeg ua haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, thiab nws cov ntawv hais txog kev tshawb fawb txog keeb kwm thiab haiv neeg yog lub hauv paus rau kev tshawb fawb txog keeb kwm ntxov, piv txwv li piv txwv rau kev soj ntsuam hauv xeev.
Raws li Malinovsky, ethnography yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb uas muaj tseeb. Nws txoj hauv kev rau kev xav txog kev sib raug zoo yog ib hom kev xav ntawm kev xav txog kev xav uas hais txog yuav ua li cas kev sib raug zoo thiab kev coj noj coj ua hauv zej zog ua haujlwm rau tib neeg cov kev xav tau - ib qho kev xav tawm tsam Radcliffe-Brown's structural functionalism uas hais txog yuav ua li cas cov koom haum kev sib raug zoo hauv kev sib raug zoo rau tib neeg.
Bronislav Kaspar Malinovsky yugLub Plaub Hlis 7, 1884 hauv Krakow, uas yog ib feem ntawm Austro-Hungarian xeev hu ua Kingdom of Galicia thiab Lodomeria, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-chav kawm Polish tsev neeg. Nws txiv yog ib tug xibhwb thiab nws niam los ntawm tsev neeg muaj av.
Thaum me nyuam yaus, nws qaug zog thiab raug mob tsis zoo, tab sis nws yog ib tus menyuam kawm ntawv zoo. Nyob rau hauv 1908 nws tau txais nws doctorate nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim los ntawm lub Jagiellonian University nyob rau hauv Krakow, qhov chaw uas nws concentrated rau lej thiab physics. Thaum nws mus kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv, nws tau mob ntev heev thiab thaum nws muaj mob tau txiav txim siab los ua tus kws tshawb fawb anthropologist.
Bronisław Malinowski tau cuam tshuam los ntawm James Fraser's Golden Bough. Phau ntawv no tau coj nws txoj kev xav rau haiv neeg, uas nws tau mus kawm hauv University of Leipzig, kawm nrog tus kws tshawb fawb nyiaj txiag Karl Bucher thiab tus kws kho mob hlwb Wilhelm Wundt.
Xyoo 1910 nws mus rau tebchaws Askiv qhov chaw nws kawm hauv London Tsev Kawm Ntawv Kev Lag Luam hauv qab S. G. Seligman thiab Edward Westermarck.
Trip to Papua
Xyoo 1914 nws tau mus rau Papua (tom qab Papua New Guinea) qhov chaw uas nws tau ua haujlwm nyob rau ntawm cov kob ntawm Mailu thiab tom qab ntawd ntawm Trobriand Islands. Kev sau haiv neeg uas nws tau ua hauv Trobriand Islands yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv British Tsev khaws puav pheej.
Ntawm nws qhov chaw nto moo tshaj plaws rau thaj chaw, nws pom nws tus kheej cuam tshuam nrog kev tshwm sim ntawm Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib. Malinowski tsis raug tso cai rov qab mus rau Tebchaws Europe los ntawm cheeb tsam British tswj hwm vim nws yog ib feem ntawm Austria-Hungary, tab sis Australian cov tub ceev xwm tau muab sijhawm rau nws los tshawb fawb hauv Melanesia,uas nws zoo siab txais tos.
Nws yog lub sijhawm no nws tau ua nws txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm lub nplhaib Kula thiab txhawb nqa kev coj ua ntawm kev soj ntsuam cov neeg hauv tebchaws, uas tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog haiv neeg niaj hnub no.
After the expeditition
Xyoo 1920 nws tau luam tawm ib daim ntawv tshawb fawb ntawm Kula Ring. Nyob rau hauv 1922, Bronisław Malinowski tau txais nws PhD nyob rau hauv anthropology thiab qhia nyob rau London Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Economics. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, nws phau ntawv Argonauts ntawm Western Pacific tau luam tawm.
Nws tau suav hais tias yog ib tus kws tshaj lij thiab Malinowski tau los ua ib tus kws tshawb fawb nto moo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Nyob rau ob xyoo tom ntej no, nws yuav tsim lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv London ntawm Kev Lag Luam ua qhov chaw tseem ceeb rau kev tshawb fawb hauv teb chaws Europe.
Malinovsky tau los ua neeg Askiv nyob rau xyoo 1931. Xyoo 1933 nws tau los ua ib tug tswv cuab txawv teb chaws ntawm Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts thiab Sciences.
Kev qhia ua haujlwm
Bronislaw Malinowski qhia ib ntus hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Thaum Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II tau tshwm sim thaum nws mus ntsib Asmeskas, nws nyob ntawd. Nws tau ua haujlwm hauv Yale University, qhov chaw nws tseem nyob mus txog thaum nws tuag. Xyoo 1942, nws tau tsim tsa lub koom haum Polish of Arts thiab Sciences of America.
Kev tuag
Malinovsky tuag rau lub Tsib Hlis 16, 1942 thaum muaj hnub nyoog 58 xyoo los ntawm lub plawv nres thaum npaj rau lub caij ntuj sov ua haujlwm hauv Oaxaca, Mexico. Nws raug faus rau ntawm Evergreen Cemetery hauv New York. Haven, Connecticut.
Recognition, tswv yim, phau ntawv
Malinowski yog suav tias yog ib tus kws tshaj lij ethnographers ntawm anthropology, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim nws txoj hauv kev zoo thiab kev xav zoo rau kev kawm txog kev sib raug zoo.
Nws feem ntau hu ua thawj tus kws tshawb fawb coj los ntawm anthropology "los ntawm lub sam thiaj" (ib kab lus uas tseem yog lub npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog nws txoj haujlwm), uas yog, kom paub txog lub neej niaj hnub ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm nws tshawb fawb nrog lawv.
Malinowski tau hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev soj ntsuam ze ntawm cov neeg hauv tebchaws thiab tau sib cav tias cov kws tshawb fawb txog keeb kwm yuav tsum tau ntsib nrog lawv cov neeg qhia txhua hnub yog tias lawv yuav tsum sau cov "kev tsis txaus siab hauv lub neej txhua hnub" uas tseem ceeb heev kom nkag siab lwm haiv neeg.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm Anthropology
Nws tau hais tias lub hom phiaj ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb los yog haiv neeg keeb kwm yog "kom nkag siab qhov kev xav ntawm cov neeg hauv paus txawm, lawv tus cwj pwm rau lub neej, kom paub lawv lub zeem muag ntawm lawv lub ntiaj teb" ("The Argonauts of the Western Pacific", 1922, ib., 25). Ntawm cov phau ntawv ntawm Bronislav Malinovsky, nws yog feem ntau suav hais tias yog lub ntsiab.
Nws tseem tsim nyog hais txog nws lwm yam haujlwm tseem ceeb - "Trobriand Islands", "Myth in Primitive Society", "The Figure of the Father in Primitive Psychology".
Malinovsky tsim lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm kev sib raug zoo anthropology hu ua functionalism. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau Radcliffe-Brown lub structural functionalism, Malinowski sib cav hais tias kab lis kev caiua haujlwm kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm tib neeg, tsis yog tib neeg tag nrho, thiab ethnography yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb uas kawm txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm haiv neeg thiab kev lis kev cai.
Nws ntseeg tias thaum cov kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg uas tsim lub zej zog tau ntsib, cov kev xav tau ntawm tib neeg tau ntsib.
