Cov neeg tsawg tsawg hauv lub neej niaj hnub xav txog kev faib cov suab uas tib neeg siv hauv kev hais lus. Ib txhia ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Lavxias teb sab lus nco ntsoov hais tias muaj cov vowels thiab consonants, thiab cov tom kawg yog tseem ua khub thiab muab faib ua voiced thiab lag ntseg, thiab kuj muaj hissing sawv daws yuav. Tab sis qhov no yog deb ntawm ib daim ntawv teev tag nrho. Puas yog ib tug tub kawm ntawv zoo tib yam yuav teb cov lus nug, lub suab nrov yog dab tsi? Tsis yooj yim.
Kev faib cov suab lus
Cov neeg uas xav paub txog philology thiab tau txais kev kawm tshwj xeeb tshawb pom thaum lub sijhawm kawm uas lub suab kuj tau muab faib ua raws li txoj kev rho tawm, thaj chaw thiab lwm yam yam ntxwv. Lawv paub zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb - hais lus pathologists-defectologists, nrog rau cov kws qhia lus tshwj xeeb hauv xov tooj.
Muaj ntau qhov kev faib tawm raws li ntau yam txheej txheem, ob qho tib si hauv acoustic thiab physiological kev nkag siab. Qhov no yog lub ntsiab faib siv los ntawm phonetists. Nws yog rau lub physiology ntawm lub suab tsim tawm hais tias kev faib cov suab rau hauv cov suab, consonants thiab lawv ntxiv division rau hauv subcategories belongs. Kev faib tawm los ntawm qhov pom ntawm acoustics tsis paub rau txhua tus. Yog vim li casnws yuav nthuav heev xav txog nws.
Acoustic classification
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, muaj suab nrov thiab tsis yog suab. Thaum hais tus qub, lub suab koom nrog, kom tag nrho cov vowels thiab consonants yog vocal. Ntxiv qhov txawv ntawm cov suab consonant thiab non-consonant suab. Thawj suav nrog tag nrho cov consonants, thiab tus so - vowels. Kuj tseem muaj ib pawg ntawm cov ntse, cov uas txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm lub suab spectrum, piv txwv li, [ts] lossis [p] poob rau hauv nws. Tus so yog cais raws li unsharp. Txij li thaum tsev kawm ntawv, kev faib ua suab nrov thiab lag ntseg yog paub, tab sis los ntawm qhov pom ntawm acoustics, vowels thiab consonants, uas tsis yog khub, kuj yog voiced. Muaj ob peb lwm yam, tab sis lawv feem ntau yog nyob ntawm lub suab apparatus ntawm ib tug neeg thiab cov intonations siv los ntawm nws.
Ib qho ntawm thawj zaug hauv kev hais lus thiab tej zaum qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws hauv kev kawm yog cov suab nrov. Lawv tsuas yog consonants, lawv yog vocal. Thaum hais cov suab zoo li no, tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau exhaled cua. Vim li cas lawv thiaj txaus siab?
Sonic
Lub npe ntawm pawg no los ntawm Latin, qhov twg sonorus txhais tau tias "suab". Thiab lawv yeej tsis tuaj yeem hu ua lag ntseg. Raws li txoj kev xav, lub suab sonorant, thaum hais, tsis tsim cov huab cua turbulent nyob rau hauv lub suab, uas yog, nyob rau hauv lub larynx, pharynx, qhov ncauj kab noj hniav thiab qhov ntswg. Qhov tseeb, lub suab tsuas yog kov yeej lub suab nrov, uas yog, qhov txav ntawm daim di ncauj, tus nplaig, lub puab tsaig tsawg heev. Hauv Lavxias, cov suab no suav nrog [m], [n], [l], [p] thiab[j]. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv, tsuas yog tus kawg, tsim ib tug mos mos - [m'], [n'], [l'] thiab [p'].
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov suab nrov yog qhov zoo li ntawd, txawm hais tias yog cov consonants, lawv nyob ze rau cov vowels hauv cov qauv. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv suab ntau qab ntxiag rau pob ntseg, melodious. Qhov no feature yog siv los ntawm poets thiab sau ntawv nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug txheej txheem xws li suab kaw. Nws yog cov sonants, raws li lawv tseem hu ua, uas dhau los ua thawj lub suab lus hais los ntawm cov menyuam yaus. Thiab qhov no yog vim precisely rau qhov yooj yim nyob rau hauv lawv articulation thiab tsim. Los ntawm txoj kev, nws yog cov sonorants uas feem ntau yog "core" ntawm lub suab, nws feem ntau sonorous thiab pom tau.
Sonants in other languages
Ib txwm, cov suab nrov yog siv tsis yog hauv lus Lavxias nkaus xwb. Piv txwv tuaj yeem pom hauv ntau hom lus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Italian thiab Spanish, uas ua rau lawv zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj. Muaj ob tug sonants nyob rau hauv lus Askiv, uas tsis muaj analogues nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab. Peb tab tom tham txog [ŋ] thiab [w]. Lub suab sonorant [ŋ] hais txog lub suab nasals thiab tau hais tawm txawv ntawm qhov ib txwm [n], thiab [w] yog qhov nco txog lub suab thiab tau hais nrog daim di ncauj kom qee yam zoo li luv [ue] tau txais. Muaj ob peb sonants nyob rau hauv German, pinching, whistling suab thiab affricates yeej muaj, uas yog vim li cas nws zoo nkaus li muaj ntau yam hais tias nws yog heev tsis zoo rau pob ntseg. Nyob rau hauv cov lus uas tsis yog-European kuj tseem muaj xws li ib pawg xws li "sonorous suab", thiab ntau yam ntawm phonemes suav nrog yog amazing.
