Cia peb xav txog cov haujlwm dav dav ntawm forensics. Qhov no yog kev tshawb fawb txog kev siv tswv yim thiab cov tswv yim, kev siv cuab yeej cuab tam uas yog siv los ua cov yeeb yam uas tau muab los ntawm txoj cai lij choj ua txhaum cai txhawm rau txheeb xyuas, sau, kho, txheeb xyuas thiab siv cov pov thawj txhawm rau tiv thaiv thiab daws kev ua txhaum cai.
Cov khoom seem
Forensic science yog kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb nrhiav, kev tshawb nrhiav, kev tiv thaiv kev ua phem, muaj kev kawm txog kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev ua phem. Nws muaj ob ntu. Ib ntawm lawv suav nrog peb pawg qauv:
- mechanism of crime;
- tsis tu ncua ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev ua txhaum cai nws tus kheej, nws cov neeg koom;
- tshawb nrhiav, sau, siv pov thawj.
Qhov thib ob ntawm forensic science muaj cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb thiab txhais tau tias ntawm kev tshawb fawb forensic.
Crime Mechanism
Cov haujlwm dav dav ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua txhaum cai. Nws yog feem ntau to taub raws li ib tug complex dynamic system, uas muaj ob peb yam:
- txoj kev ua txhaum, nws tus cwj pwm rau qhov kev ua, qhov tshwm sim, kev ua txhaum;
- teeb tsa kev ua txhaum cai;
- txoj kev nkag mus, kev xaiv zais zais thiab ua txhaum cai;
- criminal result;
- kev ua ntawm cov neeg uas tau koom nrog qhov tshwm sim.
Txoj kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb yog txiav txim siab los ntawm txoj cai lij choj hauv lub tebchaws.
Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau txhawb kev tawm tsam kev ua phem nrog nws txoj hauv kev thiab txhais tau tias. Forensic characterization ua tsis tiav yam tsis tau hais txog cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb:
- kawm txog lub hom phiaj cov qauv uas tsim cov ntsiab lus ntawm forensic science thiab tsim cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb;
- tsim tshiab thiab kho tshiab uas twb muaj lawm technical thiab forensic txoj kev thiab txhais tau tias ntawm kev sau, txheeb xyuas, siv thiab ntsuas cov pov thawj txhawm rau txheeb xyuas thiab tiv thaiv kev ua txhaum loj;
- txhim kho cov txheej txheem tshiab, tactical, koom haum lub hauv paus ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav ua ntej, kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas;
- modernize the work experience of Foreign forensic specialists.
Qib thib peb txhais tau hais tias cov haujlwm dav dav ntawm forensics, kev daws teeb meem uas tau ua tiav hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb.
Forensic ntsiab lus
Lawv yog qhov tseem ceebcov kev cai, cov tswv yim tseem ceeb, kev siv uas tso cai rau koj kom nkag siab zoo dua cov ntsiab lus thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm forensic science. Ntawm lawv, historicism, objectivity, thiab systemic xwm ntawm science yog txawv. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm forensic txheeb xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus, uas yog raws li cov cai ntawm kev hais lus, siv cov txheej txheem thiab cov kev xav zoo.
Historicism suav nrog kev xav txog kev paub los ntawm qhov pom ntawm nws txoj kev ploj mus, kev loj hlob, zoo li, txij li txhawm rau kawm nws yuav tsum tau xav txog nws ua ke nrog lwm cov xwm txheej. Consistency implies ib tug holistic xav txog ntawm cov kev kawm ntawm forensic science.
kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb
Cov dej num dav dav ntawm kev ua txhaum cai raug daws siv cov hauv qab no: kev tshawb fawb dav dav, dav dav, tshwj xeeb.
Tus qauv ntawm txoj kev dav suav nrog cov cai thiab pawg ntawm kev xav, nrog rau cov txheej txheem ntawm kev xav. Lawv pab qhia cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov teeb meem tshwm sim, txheeb xyuas qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev coj ua hauv kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ncauj lus. Txoj kev no qhia txog qhov kev tshawb fawb forensic.
Ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb dav dav muaj:
- kev soj ntsuam (kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm qhov chaw);
- piav qhia (sau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tau txais thaum kuaj);
- kev sim (nws yog siv los tsim qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tshwm sim);
- qauv (xav los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav thiab tshawb nrhiav versions).
Math Methods
Forensic psychologist siv hauvkev ua ub no kev ua lej:
- calculations;
- ntsuas ntawm ntau yam ntawm lub cev, txheej txheem, khoom;
- geometric kev tsim kho.
Nws yog txoj hauv kev ua lej uas tso cai rau cov kws tshawb fawb forensic sau cov lus piav qhia ntawm tus neeg raug liam txhaum cai, txiav txim siab nws qhov siab, qhov hnyav.
Txoj kev tshwj xeeb
Psychologist - tus kws kho mob txhaum cai kuj siv txoj hauv kev uas tsuas yog siv rau qhov kev tshawb fawb no. Piv txwv li, odorological, ballistic, traceological, kev xeem sau tes yog ua los pab txheeb xyuas tus neeg ua txhaum cai.
Ntawm cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb uas kev tshawb fawb forensic qiv los ntawm lwm yam kev tshawb fawb, peb sau tseg:
- kev sib raug zoo siv hauv kev sau cov yam ntxwv ntawm hom kev ua txhaum cai;
- txoj kev puas siab puas ntsws yog xav tau los tsim cov tswv yim, kev xav txog kev xav;
- txoj kev lom neeg yog siv rau hauv kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom ntawm cov tsiaj txhu (cov plaub hau, ntshav, cov khoom ntawm tib neeg lub cev nqaij daim tawv nqaij) thaum lub sij hawm kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov pov thawj pom ntawm qhov chaw ua txhaum cai.
Tshuaj thiab lub cev txoj kev xav tau nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm kev kawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab lawv cov khoom (nrog lawv cov kev pab, ib tug feasibility ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yog nqa tawm).
Kev sib raug zoo nrog lwm yam kev tshawb fawb
Forensic science yog txuam nrog kev tshawb fawb ntawm pej xeem thiab kev ua txhaum cai lij choj, uas tau mob siab rau kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev txiav txim plaub ntug.
Kev tiv thaiv kev ua phemtau txais txiaj ntsig thiab ua tau zoo, cov neeg ua txhaum cai yuav koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem tshawb nrhiav kev ua txhaum cai.
Muaj feem rau forensic sciences yog cov kev tshawb fawb xws li kev tswj hwm txoj cai, uas cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Ministry of Internal Affairs. Yog tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv no, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua tus txheej txheem kom nthuav tawm thiab tshawb xyuas qhov ua txhaum cai.
Kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv lees paub kev sib txuas nrog kev ua haujlwm-nrhiav haujlwm.
Nws nyuaj rau xav txog niaj hnub forensic science yam tsis muaj kev ncaj ncees, kev xav, kev xav, kev xav txog kev xav.
Qhov tseeb tseem ceeb
Rau lub hauv paus ntawm pawg kev xav, kev tshawb fawb dav dav ntawm kev tshawb fawb forensic yog tsim, cov tswv yim hais txog nws txoj hauv kev raug tsim, cov qauv ntawm kev tshawb fawb forensic tau nthuav tawm uas ua rau kom muaj txiaj ntsig thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov lus pom zoo forensic.
Kev sib txuas nrog cov logic tuaj yeem taug qab hauv kev siv kev tshuaj xyuas, kev sib txuas, kev sib txuas, kev txiav tawm, kev sib piv, kev paub daws teeb meem hauv kev tshawb fawb forensic. Muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib cuag ntawm forensic science thiab forensic psychology, forensic chemistry, tshuaj, thiab kev puas siab puas ntsws. Lawv yog tsom rau kev tawm tsam kev ua phem, muaj cov txuj ci zoo sib xws thiab cov cuab yeej tshawb fawb.
Zoo kawg
Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm lub hom phiaj cov qauv uas tsim cov ntsiab lus ntawm forensic science qhia tias txhua yam khoom ntawm kev paub hauv cheeb tsam no yog nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm kev cai lij choj. Tag nrho cov kev ua tiav ntawm kev kawm txuj ci thiab ntuj tsim tau raug qhia rau hauv kev tshawb fawb forensic, uas pab txhawb rautxhim kho cov kws tshaj lij kev ua haujlwm zoo.
Raws li kev cai lij choj ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua txhaum cai, cov txheej txheem forensic ntawm lawv nthuav tawm tau raug tsim. Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas tus neeg ua txhaum cai, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los txiav txim siab txog cov cim thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm txoj cai, thiab qhov no yog raws nraim li cov kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub ua.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb suav nrog kev xav dav dav, kev coj ua ntiag tug, cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sau cov pov thawj.
Nws yog ib txwm ua kom ib leeg tawm ntawm cov ceg hauv qab no hauv kev thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis: cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm cov cim, kev yees duab forensic, sau npe.
Kev txheeb xyuas yog feem ntau txhais tau tias tsim kom muaj lub hom phiaj tseeb hauv kev tshawb xyuas qhov ua txhaum cai tshwj xeeb. Nws cov ntsiab lus yog los sib piv cov khoom nrog nws cov kev xav hauv daim ntawv ntawm "zoo tagnrho" thiab cov kab ruaj khov uas tau tso tseg los ntawm kev ua phem.
Tam sim no, cov khoom txheeb xyuas tau muab faib ua ob pawg. Cov pab pawg ntawm cov khoom txheeb xyuas suav nrog riam phom, tib neeg, khoom siv, cuab yeej, thiab lwm yam.
Pab pawg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txheeb xyuas suav nrog txhua yam ntawm cov khoom hauv nqe lus nug.
Cov no suav nrog cov yam ntxwv uas qhia txog yam khoom thiab tuaj yeem siv los ua ib feem ntawm kev txheeb xyuas. Lawv characterize qhov loj, zoo, cov khoom ntawm cov khoom txheeb xyuas, nws sab hauv thiab sab nrauv qauv, zog, qauv, muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Cov kws tshaj lij kws lij choj ua ntau yam kev tshawb fawb tshuaj, vim tias lawv tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas qhov kev koom tes (tsis koom nrog) ntawm tus neeg raug liam hauv ib qho kev ua txhaum cai.
Forensic diagnostics pom, paub,txhais cov cim qhia uas pab tsim cov khoom thiab lub xeev ntawm cov khoom, tsim cov xwm txheej, thiab nrhiav kev sib txuas ntawm cov neeg tshwj xeeb nrog kev ua txhaum cai hauv kev tshawb nrhiav.
