Lub Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic yog lub tebchaws socialist-autonomy ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm uas muaj nyob rau xyoo pua 20th nyob rau ciam teb ntawm USSR. Lub cheeb tsam tau txais qhov xwm txheej no ob zaug, uas tau piav qhia los ntawm cov xwm txheej ua tub rog, kev hloov pauv nom tswv thiab kev lag luam kev lag luam.
Kev lag luam kev lag luam thiab thaj chaw nyob
Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist koom pheej yog thaj tsam ntawm thaj tsam qaum teb sab hnub poob ntawm European ib feem ntawm USSR. Nyob rau sab hnub poob nws ciam teb rau Finland, nyob rau sab hnub tuaj nws raug ntxuav los ntawm Hiav Txwv Dawb, nyob rau sab qab teb - los ntawm Ladoga thiab Onega pas dej. Lub nyem yog hilly nrog pronounced kab ntawm cov teebmeem ntawm lub glacier. Ntawm cov zaub mov, cov khoom siv hauv tsev (marble, granites, dolomites, thiab lwm yam), hlau ore, thiab mica tau dav faib. Los ntawm cov qauv ntawm USSR, thaj av tau suav tias yog qhov rov qab los ntawm kev txhim kho kev lag luam, vim tias tsis muaj chaw lag luam loj hauv nws thaj chaw. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tebchaws tseem ceeb ntawm cov tebchaws, cov neeg Finno-Ugric (Vepsians, Karelians, Finns) tau ua ib feem me ntawm cov pejxeem (kwv yees li 30%).
Republic in peacetime
Tej zaum yuav muaj qee qhov tsis meej pem hauv cov peev txheej thiab keeb kwm: Karelian SSR lossis ASSR? Los txiav txim seb qhov kev xaiv twgyog muaj tseeb, ib tug series ntawm transformations yuav tsum tau txheeb tawm. Thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb hauv Russia, Karelian Labor Commune tau teeb tsa. Thawj thawj zaug raws li kev tswj hwm-ib cheeb tsam ntawm USSR, nws tau hloov mus rau hauv Autonomous Karelian Soviet Socialist Republic. Lub hauv paus rau qhov no yog tsab cai ntawm All-Lavxias Central Executive Committee, kos npe rau lub Xya hli ntuj 25, 1923. Tom qab kev saws me nyuam ntawm tus tshiab tsab cai lij choj ntawm lub USSR, lub Kaum Ob Hlis 5, 1936, lub npe tau hloov mus rau lub Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist. Republic.
Lub Rau Hli 17, 1937, thawj lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm lub tebchaws tau nthuav tawm, nws muaj cov ntawv sau ua peb hom lus ib zaug: Lavxias, Karelian thiab Finnish. Txawm li cas los xij, twb nyob rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 29, 1937, nws hloov kho version tau txais yuav yam tsis muaj cov lus hais kawg. Qhov no yog vim muaj kev tawm tsam tawm tsam cov pej xeem Finnish uas tau pib hauv cheeb tsam.
Cov thawj coj ntawm Republic
Ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb yog kev tsim cov tog neeg thiab lub xeev cov tub ceev xwm ua ib thaj chaw uas tau los ua ib feem ntawm RSFSR. Lub Karelian ASSR tau muab cov xwm txheej ntawm ib qho kev ywj pheej ntawm kev tswj hwm-ib thaj chaw, yog li ntawd, Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Neeg Sawv Cev yog tus thawj coj ntawm lub hwj chim, thiab lub koom haum apparatus tau tsom mus rau hauv lub koom pheej ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Central Committee ntawm tag nrho cov. -Union Communist Party ntawm Bolsheviks (nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm - lub Central Committee ntawm lub Communist Party ntawm Bolsheviks).
Nyob rau lub sijhawm tom qab tsov rog, cov cuab yeej ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Neeg Sawv Cev tau hloov los ntawm cov haujlwm, suav nrog cov hauv zos. Cov kev hloov pauv tau cuam tshuam rau txhua lub tebchaws thiab kev ywj pheej uas yog ib feem ntawm USSR. Lub chaw haujlwm hauv nruab nrab ntawm thaj chaw kawm tau coj los ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm Karelian ASSR.
Kev ua tub rog ntawm thaj chaw ntawm tebchaws
Qhov chaw ntawm qhov kev kawm tau rov ua qhov cuam tshuam rau kev ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov neeg nyob sib ze. Yog li, txij li thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1939, thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob tau pib, qhov teeb meem ntawm kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub nroog Leningrad thiab thaj chaw ib puag ncig tau dhau los ua mob hnyav dua. Nyob ntawm qhov deb li ntawm 25 km ntawm lub nroog Soviet yog lub xeev ciam teb nrog Finland. Nrog kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe no los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm cov tub rog ntawm ib lub zog ntawm cov teb chaws Europe, cov hluav taws kub hluav taws ncaj qha tau dhau los ua tiag tiag. Nws tuaj yeem tsim ib qho kev thaiv rau cov tub rog Soviet, nyob rau hauv Kronstadt, kev txhaj tshuaj phom tso rau ntawm txoj kab ciam teb tuaj yeem tawm tsam zoo rau thaj tsam kev lag luam ntawm Leningrad. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm qhov xwm txheej zoo li no, kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Soviet twb nyob rau lub Kaum Hli 1939 tau muab ntau cov lus pom zoo rau Finland, suav nrog kev sib pauv thaj chaw. Tshwj xeeb, lub xeev nyob sib ze yuav tsum tso tseg ib nrab ntawm Karelian Isthmus thiab ntau lub tebchaws nyob hauv Gulf of Finland. Nyob rau hauv lem, lub Soviet Union tau lees tias yuav cede Karelia, thaj chaw uas yog ob zaug loj dua. Finland tsis lees txais cov xwm txheej no, thiab kev sib tham ntawm cov xeev tau mus txog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg.
Tam sim no hloov pauv
Kaum Ib Hlis 30, 1939, ua tiav qhov kev cia siab ntawm qhov xwm txheej, USSR pib ua tsov rog Soviet-Finnish, uas kuj tau los ua lub caij ntuj no ua tsov rog. Twb tau nyob rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1, thawj "Kev cog lus ntawm Kev Ua Phooj Ywg thiab Kev Sib Koom Tes ntawm USSR thiab Finnish Democratic Republic" tau kos npe. Nws tau npaj los tsim cov ciam teb tshiabciam teb fortifications. Yog li ntawd, qhov xwm txheej ntawm daim ntawv cog lus yog kev lees paub ntawm ib nrab ntawm Karelia ua Finnish thaj chaw. Qhov kawg ntawm Tsov Rog Caij Nplooj Ntoos Hlav tau tshwm sim thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1940, thaum cov neeg sib ntaus sib tua tau kos npe rau kev sib haum xeeb hauv Soviet Moscow. Lub Soviet Union tau txais ib lub hauv paus tub rog ntawm Hanko Peninsula thiab thaj chaw tseem ceeb sab qab teb sab hnub poob ntawm ceg av qab teb, uas suav nrog Kexholm, Sortavala, Vyborg, Suoyarvi, sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub ncov qaum teb, nrog rau cov zos ntawm Alakurtti thiab Kuolajärvi.
Twelfth Republic
Txij li lub Plaub Hlis 1940, Karelian ASSR tau hloov mus rau Karelian-Finnish SSR. Ua raws li cov lus cog tseg ntawm Moscow Peace Treaty, ib thaj chaw tseem ceeb ntawm Finland tau suav nrog hauv nws cov ntsiab lus.
Kev tswj hwm-ib thaj chaw hloov pauv tau tsa lub xeev-kev cai lij choj ntawm tsoomfwv thiab nthuav dav txoj cai hauv lub xeev, kev lag luam kev lag luam thiab kev coj noj coj ua. Tom qab kev hloov pauv ntawm Karelian kev ywj pheej rau hauv Karelian-Finnish SSR thaum Lub Xya Hli 8, 1940, tau tsim lub tsho tiv no tshiab.
Karelian-Finnish SSR tau dhau los ua thaj chaw ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav hauv kev ua tsov rog ntawm USSR thiab Nazi lub teb chaws Yelemees. Xyoo 1941, ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov tebchaws tau nyob thiab tso tawm tsuas yog lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1944.
Nroog cov ntsiab lus ntawm Karelian ASSR
Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic yog ib thaj chaw me me. Lub nroog thiab thaj chaw muaj tsawg tsawg thiab muaj cov npe Finnish, Karelian. Lub chaw tswj hwm ntawm lub tebchaws yog Petrozavodsk. Thaum ntawd twb yog ib lub nroog loj lawm. Petrozavodsk muaj cov xwm txheej ntawm lub chaw tswj hwm txawm tias tam sim no. Lub nroog thib ob ntawm Republican subordination yog Sortavala. Lub Karelian ASSR muaj txog kaum ob lub nroog ntawm cheeb tsam subordination. Cov no yog Belomorsk, Kem, Kondopoga, Lakhdenpokhya, Medvezhyegorsk, Olonets, Pitkyaranta, Pudozh, Segezha, Suoyarvi.
Raws li kev cai lij choj Republican, muaj tus lej suav rau cov nroog. Lub Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic tau maj mam tig los ntawm thaj tsam rov qab mus rau hauv thaj chaw tsim kho ntxiv, yog li kev txhawj xeeb rau cov pej xeem uas xav txhim kho lawv txoj kev nyob tsis nyob hauv qhov kawg.
Restoring status
Kev tuag ntawm I. V. Stalin hauv xyoo 1953 thiab cov xwm txheej tom ntej ntawm kev nom kev tswv, kev lag luam, kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev xav tau cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau txoj hmoo ntawm cov pej xeem zoo tib yam thiab tag nrho thaj chaw. Txoj hauj lwm ntawm Karelian-Finnish koom pheej nyob rau hauv lub USSR tau rov kho dua. Los ntawm Decree ntawm lub Supreme Soviet ntawm lub USSR, cov xwm txheej ntawm autonomy tau rov qab mus rau nws nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj 16, 1956. Nws rov los ua ib feem ntawm lub RSFSR, tab sis lo lus "Finnish" twb ploj nyob rau hauv lub npe.
Thaum cov ncauj lus no tau hloov kho, cov lus tso dag tshwm sim: "… lub tebchaws tau raug tshem tawm vim tias ob lub Finns tau pom nyob hauv nws - tus kws tshuaj xyuas nyiaj txiag thiab Finkelstein."
Lub xeev chij ntawm RSFSR tau dhau los ua lub cim ntawm kev txhawb nqa kev ywj pheej thaj chaw, uas ntxiv cov ntawv sau ua lus Lavxias thiab Finnish.
Nyob rauKev hloov pauv ntawm Karelian-Finnish SSR rau hauv kev ywj pheej thaum Lub Yim Hli 20, 1956, nrog kev hloov pauv me me, lub tsho qub ntawm caj npab ntawm lub tebchaws tau rov qab los. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb tau xav tias nws yog qhov xwm txheej no uas tau txiav txim siab txog txoj hmoo ntawm thaj chaw rau ntau xyoo tom ntej. Karelian ASSR muaj nyob rau hauv 1991. Hypothetically, lub cheeb tsam tuaj yeem dhau los ua ib lub xeev muaj kev ywj pheej, tab sis nws yog qhov tseeb yog ib feem ntawm RSFSR uas yog vim li cas vim li cas nws yog- chav tswj hwm-ib thaj chaw, kev kawm ntawm niaj hnub Russia, muaj xwm txheej ntawm lub koom pheej hu ua Karelia. Nws lub peev tseem yog Petrozavodsk.
