Khoom noj khoom haus yog txheej txheem nyuaj, vim tias cov khoom tsim nyog rau lub cev tau muab, zom thiab nqus. Lub kaum xyoo dhau los tau nquag txhim kho kev tshawb fawb tshwj xeeb rau kev noj haus - nutriciology. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav saib cov txheej txheem ntawm kev zom zaub mov hauv tib neeg lub cev, nws siv sijhawm ntev npaum li cas thiab yuav ua li cas thiaj tsis muaj lub gallbladder.
qauv ntawm lub plab zom mov
Lub plab zom mov yog sawv cev los ntawm cov khoom nruab nrog cev uas ua kom lub cev nqus tau cov as-ham los ntawm lub cev, uas yog lub zog rau nws, tsim nyog rau kev rov ua haujlwm ntawm tes thiab kev loj hlob.
Lub plab zom mov muaj xws li: qhov ncauj, pharynx, esophagus, plab, plab hnyuv, plab hnyuv loj, thiab qhov quav.
Kev zom zaub mov hauv tib neeg lub qhov ncauj
Txoj kev zom zaub mov hauv lub qhov ncauj yog sib tsoozaub mov. Hauv cov txheej txheem no, muaj kev ua kom muaj zog ntawm cov khoom noj los ntawm qaub ncaug, kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov enzymes. Tom qab kho cov qaub ncaug, qee cov tshuaj yaj thiab lawv saj manifests nws tus kheej. Cov txheej txheem physiological ntawm kev zom hauv lub qhov ncauj yog kev rhuav tshem cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab rau hauv cov suab thaj los ntawm cov enzyme amylase uas muaj nyob hauv cov qaub ncaug.
Cia peb taug qab qhov kev txiav txim ntawm amylase ntawm ib qho piv txwv: thaum zom mov rau ib feeb, koj tuaj yeem hnov qab qab zib. Kev tawg ntawm cov protein thiab cov rog hauv lub qhov ncauj tsis tshwm sim. Qhov nruab nrab, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev zom zaub mov hauv tib neeg lub cev yuav siv sijhawm li 15-20 vib nas this.
Digestion - plab
Lub plab yog qhov dav tshaj plaws ntawm lub plab zom mov, muaj peev xwm nce qhov loj me, thiab ua kom haum rau cov zaub mov loj. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib txuam ntawm cov leeg ntawm cov phab ntsa, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev zom zaub mov hauv tib neeg lub cev pib nrog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov zaub mov nrog kua qaub kua qaub.
Ib pob khoom noj uas nkag mus rau hauv lub plab nyob hauv nws li 3-5 teev, tab tom ua cov khoom siv thiab tshuaj lom neeg lub sijhawm no. Kev zom zaub mov hauv plab pib nrog cov zaub mov raug rau kev ua ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab hydrochloric acid, uas muaj nyob hauv nws, nrog rau pepsin.
Raws li kev zom zaub mov hauv tib neeg lub plab, cov protein tau zom nrog kev pab ntawm enzymes kom qis molecular peptides thiab amino acids. Kev zom cov carbohydrates uas pib hauv lub qhov ncauj hauv plab nres, uas tau piav qhia los ntawm kev poob ntawm amylase ntawm lawv cov haujlwm hauv ib puag ncig acidic.
Nyob rau hauv lub plab kab noj hniav
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev zom zaub mov hauv tib neeg lub cev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev ua ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas muaj lipase, uas tuaj yeem zom cov rog. Hauv qhov no, qhov tseem ceeb heev yog muab rau hydrochloric acid ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm hydrochloric acid, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov enzymes nce, denaturation thiab o ntawm cov protein yog tshwm sim, thiab cov kab mob bactericidal yog exerted.
Lub cev ntawm kev zom zaub mov hauv plab yog cov zaub mov uas muaj cov carbohydrates, uas nyob hauv plab li ob teev, cov txheej txheem khiav tawm sai dua li cov zaub mov muaj protein lossis rog, uas nyob hauv plab rau 8-10. teev.
Nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv me, cov khoom noj uas tov nrog cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab ib nrab zom, nyob rau hauv cov kua los yog ib nrab-kua sib xws, dhau mus ib txhij nyob rau hauv ib feem me me. Nyob rau hauv dab tsi department puas cov txheej txheem ntawm digestion tseem muaj nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev?
Kev zom zaub mov - plab hnyuv loj
Kev zom zaub mov hauv cov hnyuv, uas cov khoom noj bolus nkag los ntawm lub plab, muab qhov chaw tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm biochemistry ntawm kev nqus cov tshuaj.
Nyob rau hauv nqe lus no, cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj cov alkaline ib puag ncig vim tuaj txog hauv cov hnyuv me ntawm cov kua tsib, cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cov kua qaub ntawm cov phab ntsa hauv cov hnyuv. Cov txheej txheem digestive nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv tsis yog ceev ceev rau txhua leej txhua tus. Qhov no tau yooj yim los ntawm qhov muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm lactase enzyme, uas hydrolyzes mis nyuj qab zib, cuam tshuam nrog kev tsis txaus siab ntawm tag nrho cov mis nyuj. ThaumKev zom zaub mov hauv chav haujlwm no ntawm tus neeg siv ntau dua 20 enzymes, piv txwv li, peptidases, nucleases, amylase, lactase, sucrose, thiab lwm yam.
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem no hauv cov hnyuv me yog nyob ntawm peb lub chaw haujlwm uas nkag mus rau hauv ib leeg, uas nws muaj - duodenum, jejunum thiab ileum. Cov kua tsib tsim hauv daim siab nkag mus rau duodenum. Ntawm no cov zaub mov yog digested ua tsaug rau pancreatic kua txiv thiab kua tsib, uas ua rau nws. Pancreatic kua txiv, uas yog cov kua tsis muaj xim, muaj cov enzymes uas txhawb kev tawg ntawm cov proteins thiab polypeptides: trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, carboxypeptidase thiab aminopeptidase.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub siab
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev zom zaub mov hauv tib neeg lub cev (peb yuav hais luv luv txog qhov no) raug xa mus rau lub siab, uas tsim cov kua tsib. Lub peculiarity ntawm cov txheej txheem digestive nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv me yog vim kev pab ntawm cov kua tsib nyob rau hauv lub emulsification ntawm cov rog, nqus triglycerides, ua kom lipase, nws kuj pab txhawb peristalsis, inactivate pepsin nyob rau hauv lub duodenum, muaj ib tug bactericidal. Cov nyhuv bacteriostatic, nce hydrolysis thiab nqus cov protein thiab carbohydrates.
Cov kua tsib tsis yog tsim los ntawm cov enzymes digestive, tab sis yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev sib cais thiab nqus cov rog thiab cov vitamins muaj roj. Yog hais tias cov kua tsib tsis tsim txaus los yog secreted rau hauv txoj hnyuv, ces muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev zom thiab nqus cov rog, nrog rau kev nce hauv lawv tso rau hauv txoj hnyuv.daim ntawv qub nrog quav.
Yuav ua li cas thaum tsis muaj lub gallbladder?
Ib tug neeg raug tso tseg yam tsis muaj lub hnab me me, uas cov kua tsib "nyob rau hauv cia" siv los tso.
Bile yuav tsum tau nyob hauv duodenum tsuas yog tias muaj zaub mov hauv nws. Thiab qhov no tsis yog txheej txheem tas mus li, tsuas yog nyob rau lub sijhawm tom qab noj mov. Tom qab qee lub sijhawm, duodenum khoob. Raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov kua tsib ploj.
Txawm li cas los xij, lub siab tsis tso tseg, nws tseem tsim cov kua tsib. Nws yog rau qhov no uas xwm tsim lub gallbladder, kom cov kua tsib secreted ntawm cov pluas noj yuav tsis deteriorate thiab muab khaws cia kom txog rau thaum qhov kev xav tau tshwm sim.
Thiab ntawm no cov lus nug tshwm sim txog qhov tsis muaj "cov kua tsib cia". Raws li nws hloov tawm, tus neeg tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj lub gallbladder. Yog tias kev ua haujlwm tau ua tiav hauv lub sijhawm thiab lwm yam kab mob cuam tshuam nrog cov plab hnyuv siab raum tsis ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog, ces qhov tsis tuaj yeem ua rau lub gallbladder hauv lub cev tau yooj yim zam. Lub sijhawm ntawm kev zom zaub mov hauv tib neeg lub cev yog qhov txaus siab rau ntau tus.
Tom qab kev phais, cov kua tsib tsuas yog khaws cia rau hauv cov ducts. Tom qab tsim cov kua tsib los ntawm daim siab hlwb, nws raug tso tawm rau hauv cov ducts, los ntawm qhov chaw uas nws yooj yim thiab tsis tu ncua xa mus rau duodenum. Thiab qhov no tsis nyob ntawm seb cov khoom noj puas tau noj lossis tsis tau. Nws ua raws li hais tias tom qab tshem tawm ntawm lub gallbladder, zaub mov thaum xub thawj yuav tsum tau noj ntau zaus thiab me me. Qhov no tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseebuas ua rau cov kua tsib ntau tsis txaus. Tom qab tag nrho, tsis muaj qhov chaw ntxiv rau nws qhov tsub zuj zuj, tab sis nws nkag mus rau hauv txoj hnyuv tsis tu ncua, txawm tias me me.
Nws feem ntau siv sijhawm rau lub cev kom kawm paub ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj lub gallbladder, nrhiav qhov chaw zoo khaws cov kua tsib. Qhov no yog qhov txheej txheem ntawm kev zom zaub mov ua haujlwm hauv tib neeg lub cev yam tsis muaj lub gallbladder.
Kev zom zaub mov - plab hnyuv loj
Cov khoom noj uas tsis tau zom tau txav mus rau hauv txoj hnyuv loj thiab nyob hauv nws li 10 mus rau 15 teev. Ntawm no cov txheej txheem hauv qab no ntawm kev zom zaub mov tshwm sim hauv cov hnyuv: nqus dej thiab microbial metabolism ntawm cov as-ham.
Nyob rau hauv kev zom zaub mov uas tshwm sim hauv cov hnyuv loj, cov khoom noj khoom haus ballast ua lub luag haujlwm loj, uas suav nrog cov khoom noj tsis haum biochemical: fiber ntau, hemicellulose, lignin, pos hniav, resins, waxes.
Cov qauv ntawm cov zaub mov cuam tshuam rau tus nqi ntawm kev nqus hauv cov hnyuv thiab lub sijhawm txav mus los ntawm txoj hnyuv.
Ib feem ntawm cov khoom noj fiber ntau uas tsis tawg los ntawm cov enzymes uas yog nyob rau hauv lub plab zom mov yog rhuav tshem los ntawm microflora.
Cov hnyuv loj yog qhov chaw ntawm kev tsim cov quav hauv plab, uas suav nrog: cov khoom noj uas tsis muaj cov khoom noj tsis zoo, cov hnoos qeev, cov hlwb tuag ntawm cov mucous thiab cov microbes uas tsis tu ncua hauv cov hnyuv, thiab ua rau cov txheej txheem ntawm fermentation thiab gas tsim. Ntev npaum li cas cov txheej txheem ntawm kev zom zaub mov hauv tib neeg lub cev siv sijhawm? Nov yog ib lo lus nug uas nquag nug.
Sib cais thiab nqus cov tshuaj
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev nqus cov as-ham yog nqa tawm thoob plaws hauv lub plab zom mov, npog nrog plaub hau. Muaj txog 30-40 villi ntawm 1 square millimeter ntawm mucosa.
Yuav kom nqus tau cov tshuaj uas yaj cov rog, lossis cov vitamins uas muaj roj-soluble, tshwm sim, cov rog thiab cov kua tsib yuav tsum muaj nyob hauv cov hnyuv.
Kev nqus dej-soluble khoom xws li amino acids, monosaccharides, ntxhia ions tshwm sim nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov ntshav capillaries.
Rau tus neeg noj qab haus huv, tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm kev zom zaub mov yuav siv sijhawm li 24 txog 36 teev.
Ntawm qhov txheej txheem ntawm kev zom zaub mov hauv tib neeg lub cev kav ntev npaum li cas.
