Svyatoslav the Brave - tub huabtais thiab commander

Cov txheej txheem:

Svyatoslav the Brave - tub huabtais thiab commander
Svyatoslav the Brave - tub huabtais thiab commander
Anonim

Kyiv tub huabtais Svyatoslav the Brave kav xyoo 945-972. Feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov, nws paub tias yog ib tug thawj coj uas muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau ntau thaj tsam ntawm Eastern Europe.

Igor tus qub txeeg qub teg

Tus tub ntawm Igor Rurikovich Svyatoslav lub siab tawv yog nws cov xeeb ntxwv. Nws yug los peb xyoos ua ntej nws txiv tuag tragic. Igor raug tua neeg phem heev los ntawm Drevlyans, uas tsis kam them nws cov nqi se ntxiv.

Duab
Duab

Svyatoslav thaum ntawd me dhau lawm, yog li ntawd nws niam Olga los ua regent. Nws txiav txim siab ua pauj rau cov Drevlyans. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cunning, tus ntxhais huabtais hlawv lawv lub peev, Iskorosten. Tus poj niam uas muaj lub siab xav muaj zog no tuav lub hwj chim hauv nws txhais tes thaum nws tus tub loj hlob tuaj. Feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov, Olga paub rau lub fact tias nyob rau hauv 955 nws mus rau Byzantium, qhov chaw uas nws tau ua kev cai raus dej. Nws tau los ua thawj tus thawj coj hauv tebchaws Russia. Lub rite tau ua nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab Hagia Sophia hauv Constantinople.

Svyatoslav thiab kev ntseeg

Niam sim muab kev ntseeg Vajtswv rau nws tus tub. Tab sis Svyatoslav lub siab tawv tseem yog ib tug pagan. Nws tau raug coj los rau hauv cov tub rog tej yam kev mob thiab cuam tshuam los ntawm nws cov tub rog, uas tseem yog cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm kev lis kev cai Slavic ntev.

Duab
Duab

muajib qho kev tshawb xav tsis lees paub tias nyob rau hauv Constantinople Olga sim nrhiav ib tug poj niam rau nws tus tub los ntawm cov Greek Princess. Tus huab tais tsis kam lees lub embassy, qhov tseeb, ua phem rau Svyatoslav. Raws li lub sijhawm yuav qhia, nws txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog Byzantium ua rau nws tuag.

Tsov rog nrog Vyatichi

Tub Vaj Ntxwv Svyatoslav lub siab tawv tsis tshua muaj kev txaus siab rau kev ua haujlwm sab hauv thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm lub tebchaws. Cov tub rog yog nws lub neej. Nws siv tag nrho nws lub sijhawm dawb nrog nws pab neeg. Vim li no, tus tub huabtais tau paub qhov txawv ntawm lub siab phem thiab kev coj tus cwj pwm yooj yim tshaj plaws txhua hnub. Nws tuaj yeem pw tsaug zog hauv thaj teb ntawm nws tus nees, thaum muab nws lub tsev pheeb suab thiab lwm yam kev nplij siab.

Yog li ntawd, nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias sai li sai tau thaum Tub Vaj Ntxwv Svyatoslav Igorevich lub siab tawv hlob tuaj, nws pib ua raws li txoj cai txawv teb chaws. Nws thawj qhov kev sib tw hnub rov qab mus rau 964. Lub caij ntuj sov ntawd, nws tawm tsam cov Vyatichi, uas nyob ntawm Oka thiab them se rau Khazars.

Poob Khazar Khaganate

Twb xyoo tom ntej, Khaganate yuav tsum tau ntsib ib pab tub rog Slavic uas muaj kev sib koom ua ke. Cov Khazars yog cov neeg hais lus Turkic. Lawv cov neeg tseem ceeb nom tswv tau hloov dua siab tshiab rau Judaism. Qhov sib txawv ntawm kaganate thiab Russia tau pom tseeb, uas, tau kawg, tau muab Svyatoslav ib qho laj thawj ntxiv mus ua rog nrog nws cov neeg nyob ze.

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Duab

Tus tub huabtais tau ntes ob peb lub nroog Khazar: Sarkel, Itil, Belaya Vezha. Nws pab tub rog tau dhau los ntawm hluav taws thiab ntaj los ntawm tag nrho cov chaw lag luam tseem ceeb ntawm kaganate, vim tias nws tau poob rau hauv kev lwj thiab sai sai ploj ntawm daim ntawv qhia. Tub Vaj Ntxwv Svyatoslav lub siab tawv sim tsis tsuas yog rhuav tshem lub xeev txawv tebchaws. Nws hais kom tuav lub Sarkel fortress ntawm tus dej Don. Ib pliag, nws tau los ua Slavic enclave nyob rau yav qab teb steppes.

Kev cuam tshuam hauv Greek-Bulgarian kev tsis sib haum xeeb

Khazar phiaj los nqis tes ntawm Svyatoslav lub siab tawv tsuas yog kev xyaum ua tub rog tseem ceeb ntawm nws lub neej. Lub sijhawm no, kev tsov rog pib ntawm Bulgarians thiab Byzantium. Emperor Nicephorus Foka xa ib lub chaw sawv cev rau Kyiv, uas yaum Svyatoslav los pab cov Greeks. Hauv kev sib pauv, cov Slavs tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo.

Yog li, ua tsaug rau nws lub siab tawv thiab kev lag luam, Svyatoslav lub siab tawv tau nto moo. Ib daim duab ntawm Novgorod monument, qhib rau txhiab xyoo ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv 1862, lees paub qhov tseeb. Svyatoslav siv nws qhov chaw ntawm lwm cov tub rog cov thawj coj, ib sab ntawm Mstislav lub Udaly. Thaum tus tub huabtais ntawm Kyiv tau ua tiav kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm ntug dej ntawm Danube, kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv Constantinople. Emperor Nikephoros Phocas raug tua nyob rau hauv ib tug coup d'état. Tus thawj tswj hwm tshiab John Tzimiskes tsis kam them Svyatoslav, thiab tom qab ntawd kev ua tsov ua rog tau hloov pauv tsis tau xav txog.

Tus tub huabtais Slavic xaus kev koom tes nrog Bulgarians thiab tam sim no nws tab tom taug kev nrog nws retinue tawm tsam huab tais. Thaum Svyatoslav tsis nyob hauv Kyiv, nws niam Olga tuag nyob rau ntawd, leej twg ua tau kav lub teb chaws thaum nws tsis muaj nws tus tub.

Hauv 970, tus tub huabtais tau tswj hwm kev txhawb nqa tsis yog cov Bulgarians nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj yog cov neeg Hungarians thiab Pechenegs. Nws cov tub rog tau rhuav tshem Thrace rau ob peb lub hlis. Qhov kev nce qib no tau raug tso tseg tom qab Tsov Rog ntawm Arcadiopolis. Cov Byzantines kov yeej cov Pechenegs, uas khiav tawm ntawm tshav rog thiab ntxeev siab rau Svyatoslav.

Tam sim no kev tsov rog tau tsiv mus rau sab qaum teb mus rau ntug dej ntawm Danube. Ntawm no Svyatoslav npaj yuav nyob mus ib txhis. Nws txawm ua lub zos fortress ntawm Pereyaslavets nws lub peev. Tej zaum nws nyiam thaj av yav qab teb ntau dua li Kyiv.

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Duab

kev sib haum xeeb nrog huab tais

Emperor John Tzimiskes kuj yog tus thawj coj. Nws tus kheej tau coj cov tub rog hauv kev sib tw tshiab ntawm 971. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis, nws cov tub rog tau ntes lub nroog Bulgarian thiab ntes Tsar Boris II. Yog li ntawd, Svyatoslav tau nyob ib leeg tawm tsam Greeks. Ua ke nrog nws cov tub rog, nws tsiv mus rau lub fortress uas muaj zog ntawm Dorostol.

Tsis ntev cov Greeks ncig lub Slavic bastion kawg hauv cheeb tsam. Svyatoslav tsis xav tso tseg yam tsis muaj kev sib ntaus thiab tuav lub fortress rau peb lub hlis. Nws cov tub rog tau ua cov txheej txheem siab tawv. Nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm lawv, lub Byzantines poob tag nrho lawv siege riam phom. Cov Slavs tau tawm mus rau hauv thaj teb tsawg kawg yog plaub zaug txhawm rau hla kev thaiv.

Pua pua thiab txhiab tus tub rog los ntawm ob tog tuag hauv cov kev sib ntaus sib tua no. Thaum kawg ntawm lub Xya Hli, tus huab tais thiab tus huab tais thaum kawg tau pom zoo rau kev sib haum xeeb. Raws li kev pom zoo, Svyatoslav, ua ke nrog nws cov tub rog, tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau nws lub tebchaws nyab xeeb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov Greeks muab txhua yam tsim nyog rau kev taug kev. Ob peb hnub tom qab lub rooj sib tham ntawm cov thawj coj, cov Slavic nkoj tawm ntawm lub Danube phiab.

Duab
Duab

Kev tuag

Svyatoslav tsis kam lees txhua qhov kev yuav khoom hauv Bulgaria. Tab sis tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg tias tus tub huabtais hnub nyoog peb caug xyoo tsis tau tso tseg. Rov qab los tsev thiab tau txais cov tub rog tshiab, nws tuaj yeem rov mus ua rog nrog lub teb chaws Ottoman. Tab sis tus tub huabtais txoj kev npaj tsis tau muaj tseeb.

Txoj kev ntawm nws cov tub rog tau khiav hla Dnieper delta thiab nws txoj kev qis qis, qhov twg muaj kev phom sijshipping pib. Vim li no, tus tub huabtais nrog ib tug me me detachment yuav tsum tau mus rau ntug dej hiav txwv thiaj li yuav kov yeej ib tug natural obstacle. Qhov ntawd yog li cas Svyatoslav raug ambushed los ntawm Pechenegs. Feem ntau, cov nomads tau nkag mus rau hauv kev pom zoo nrog tus huab tais Byzantine, uas xav ua nrog cov yeeb ncuab cog lus.

Hauv 972 Svyatoslav tuag hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tsis sib xws. Xov xwm ntawm qhov no tuaj rau Kyiv nrog rau miraculously ciaj sia combatants ntawm tus huab tais. Nws tus tub Yaropolk pib kav hauv lub nroog. Hauv yim xyoo, Vladimir lub Hnub Liab, tus neeg ua kev cai raus dej ntawm Russia, yuav los ua nws qhov chaw.

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