Kev ntxhov siab yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ib lub suab hauv ib lo lus. Nws tseem tuaj yeem poob rau tag nrho cov lus, kab lus, lo lus hauv kab lus txhawm rau txhim kho cov khoom siv semantic.
Accents. Vim li cas?
Txhua yam lus muaj cov cai nruj sib txawv. Lus Askiv tsis muaj qhov zam. Thiab txhua yam lus txawv ntawm lwm yam hauv cov cai rau kev teeb tsa suab. Piv txwv li, hauv Fab Kis, qhov kev ntxhov siab ib txwm poob rau lub suab lus kawg, thaum, piv txwv li, hauv Latin nws muab tso rau ntawm qhov thib ob lossis thib peb ntawm qhov kawg. Hauv Polish, nws poob rau ntawm lub suab lus kawg. Qhov no yog txhua yam hu ua accent. Tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias tseem muaj cov ntsiab lus tsis ruaj hauv cov lus. Ib qho piv txwv tiag tiag ntawm qhov no yog peb haiv neeg Lavxias, uas muaj ntau yam peculiarities nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm kev ntxhov siab. Yog li ntawd, nws nyuaj heev rau cov neeg txawv tebchaws tuaj kawm. Tom qab tag nrho, peb hom lus yog qhov nyuaj hauv nws cov qauv sau ntawv ntawm kev teeb tsa kev ntxhov siab.
Cia peb rov qab mus rau accentology hauv Lavxias. Kev ntxhov siab tuaj yeem poob rau txhua lub suab hauv ib lo lus. Tsis muaj txoj cai tshwj xeeb rau kev tso suab hauv cov lus hauv Lavxias, xws li, piv txwv li, hauv Latin. Tab sisMuaj qee cov ntsiab lus uas koj tuaj yeem tso siab rau thaum kawm. Kev ntxhov siab hauv Lavxias tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm ib lo lus los ntawm lwm tus, nws tuaj yeem ua tib yam hauv cov lus nrog tib lub hauv paus, tab sis tib lub sijhawm nws tuaj yeem sib txawv. Lavxias nyuaj heev uas txawm tias cov neeg hais lus ib txwm muaj lawv tus kheej tsis tas yuav paub hais lus li no lossis lo lus ntawd kom raug.
Tab sis cov lus nug tshwm sim: "Vim li cas peb thiaj xav tau cov lus no?" Txhua yam yog yooj yim heev! Tom qab tag nrho, nws tso cai rau ib tug neeg to taub thiab paub qhov txawv cov lus nyob rau hauv ib tug nruj nreem ntawm hais lus.
Stress in English
Raws li kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov lus Askiv, kuj muaj ntau txoj cai thiab nta ntawm no. Txhawm rau kom muaj peev xwm tso qhov kev ntxhov siab hauv lus Askiv, koj yuav tsum nkag siab meej txog kev faib cov lus rau hauv cov lus. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias nyob rau hauv no hais txog, lus Askiv zoo heev rau Lavxias teb sab, vim hais tias lawv ob leeg muaj kev nyuaj siab dawb. Qhov no tuaj yeem nyuaj rau tus neeg txawv tebchaws.
Yuav ua kom yooj yim rau koj tus kheej thaum kawm lus Askiv, tus neeg yuav tsum paub meej:
- accent;
- hom lus (kaw lossis qhib).
Raws li hauv Lavxias, lus Askiv muaj cov lus qhib thiab kaw, thiab txheeb xyuas lawv yog ib txoj haujlwm yooj yim heev. Tom qab tag nrho, qhib syllables xaus nyob rau hauv ib tug vowel, thiab kaw syllables xaus nyob rau hauv ib tug consonant.
Feem ntau, muaj ob txoj cai tseem ceeb tshaj:
- Ib lo lus tsuas muaj ib qho kev nyuaj siab xwb! Tau kawg, koj tuaj yeem ntsib ntau dua ib lub suab hauv lus Askiv. Tab sis nws yuav ib txwm muaj lub ntsiabkev ntxhov siab thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd theem nrab, uas tsis muaj zog dua li thawj zaug thiab pom nyob rau hauv cov lus ntev heev.
- Kev nyuaj siab hauv lus Askiv, zoo li lwm yam lus, ntog rau ntawm lub suab lossis lub suab! Tau kawg, muaj kev zam rau txoj cai, tab sis lawv tus lej tsawg heev.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias hauv lus Askiv qee lub ntsiab lus tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau dua lossis tsawg dua. Piv txwv li, xws li ib feem ntawm ib lo lus raws li ib tug prefix nyob rau hauv ib tug noun yog stressed ntau dua li ib tug prefix nyob rau hauv ib tug verb. Tseem muaj cov lus kawg, uas, raws li txoj cai, yog kev ntxhov siab. Peb muab cov npe ntawm lawv:
- -ate;
- -ete;
- -ib;
- -ut.
Txoj cai nruj ua lus Askiv
Thaum paub cov qauv sau ntawv, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias nqe lus no tseem ceeb hauv kev hais lus thiab tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov ntawv. Muaj ntau txoj cai los teeb tsa kev ntxhov siab hauv lus Askiv. Los ntawm kev ua raws li lawv, koj yuav muaj peev xwm muab accents ntawm cov lus kom raug. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev thaum kawm ib hom lus txawv teb chaws. Yog li cov cai yog:
- Hauv kev sau ntawv, qhov kev ntxhov siab tau muab tso rau ntawm lub suab thib peb ntawm qhov kawg. Nov yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm lo lus: abIlity, university, socIology, thiab lwm yam.
- Hauv cov lus ntawm Fabkis keeb kwm, kev ntxhov siab yuav nyob twj ywm tsis hloov. Piv txwv li, cov lus: hotEl, guitar. Cov lus no khaws lawv cov lus Fab Kis.
- Kev ntxhov siab tuaj yeem tso tom qab ua ntej. Piv txwv li, ib leeg, ua ntej, o-mit, hauv qab-stand.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qee cov lus xaus yuav muaj qee qhov cuam tshuamrau tso accents. Piv txwv li, -ry muaj cov cuab yeej hloov qhov kev ntxhov siab ntawm plaub lub suab los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lo lus. Vivid piv txwv ntawm no yog cov lus: ORdinary voCAbulary.
Los yog cov lus tom qab -ic feem ntau muaj lub suab nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws. Piv txwv li, draMAtic symBolic.
Kev nyuaj siab hauv cov lus muab los
Hauv cov lus muab los, kev ntxhov siab tuaj yeem nyob zoo ib yam li cov lus qub, tab sis tib lub sijhawm nws tuaj yeem hloov pauv. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tsim ib lub npe los ntawm ib tug verb los yog vice versa, qhov kev ntxhov siab feem ntau tseem tsis hloov. Piv txwv li, lub npe "deNIal", thaum hloov mus rau cov lus qhia "deNY", khaws nws qhov kev ntxhov siab qub. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov lus derivative, qhov xwm txheej tseem ua tau thaum muaj kev ntxhov siab hloov. Piv txwv li, lub npe "OBject" dhau los ua cov lus qhia "obJEct" thiab hloov qhov kev ntxhov siab mus rau lub suab thib ob los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lo lus.
Kev nyuaj siab rau thawj, thib ob lub suab
Ua lus Askiv, kev ntxhov siab poob rau thawj lub suab hauv cov lus hauv qab no:
- Yuav luag tag nrho cov npe thiab cov npe uas muaj ob lub suab raug kev ntxhov siab rau thawj zaug.
- Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub suab thib ob yog yuav luag txhua cov lus qhia uas suav nrog ob qho tib si tag nrho.
lus nyuaj
Lo lus nyuaj hauv lus Askiv yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub suab lus hauv cov lus. Cov chav nyob ntev tuaj yeem muaj ob qhov kev ntxhov siab: lub ntsiab thiab theem nrab (nws feem ntau hu ua theem nrab).
Thaum kawm cov lus tshiab, yuav tsum nco ntsoov lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Thiab xav tauyuav tsum paub tias txawm nyob hauv ib lo lus hauv paus, kev ntxhov siab tuaj yeem hloov pauv. Yuav ua li cas koj kawm cov ncauj lus no yog nyob ntawm kev xaav ntawm koj cov lus los ntawm lwm tus neeg, vim hais tias accentology pab cais ib pawg ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv rau hauv to taub kab lus.
About phrasal stress
Nkauj kev nyuaj siab hauv lus Askiv yog kev hais lus ntawm tus kheej cov lus xav ntau dua li lwm tus, uas yog hu ua tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab.
Raws li txoj cai, cov lus ntxhov siab hauv lus Askiv yog:
- nouns;
- verbs (semantic);
- adjectives;
- demonstrative pronouns;
- interrogative pronouns;
- lus qhuab qhia;
- ntaus.
Feem ntau tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab yog: tus kheej pronouns, kab lus, conjunctions, auxiliary verbs, prepositions.
Nws tuaj yeem hais tias lub suab lus muaj lub luag haujlwm zoo ib yam li cov lus hais. Nws muab faib ua ob hom: centralized thiab decentralized.
Lub hauv paus saib yog ib lo lus lossis ntau lo lus uas tus neeg hais lus tseem ceeb yog qhov chaw. Nrog rau hom decentralized, tus hais lus tsom rau tag nrho kab lus. Qhov no tseem ceeb tsis yog ib lo lus tshwj xeeb, tab sis tag nrho cov kab lus.
Degrees ntawm phrasal accent hauv cov lus
Hauv lus Askiv, nws yog ib txwm ua kom paub qhov txawv ntawm peb qib ntawm phrasal kev ntxhov siab, uas suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
- Qhov tseem ceeb. Tau txais lub suab nrov tshaj plaws.
- Muaj. Tau txais kev qhia tsawg dua.
- Tsis muaj. Tau txais txawm tsawg zoglus.
Raws li txoj cai dav dav, lo lus tseem ceeb dua, tus neeg hais lus muaj zog yuav tsum hais meej thaum lub sij hawm hais lus.
About logical stress
Tab sis tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias, yog tias tsim nyog, tus hais lus, ntawm chav kawm, muaj cai hais txog ib lo lus, txawm tias nws suav nrog hauv cov npe tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab.
Ua ntej, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias intonation plays lub luag haujlwm loj hauv kev hais lus Askiv. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm intonation yog qhia lub suab ntawm cov kab lus hais los ntawm tus neeg hais lus. Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm Lavxias teb sab thiab lus Askiv. Tom qab tag nrho, Lavxias teb sab intonation yog perceived li tho txawv thiab tiaj tus. Thiab lus Askiv muaj cov pace ntawm kev hais lus, lub ntsiab lus nres thiab, tau kawg, lub suab.
Raws li twb tau hais lawm, kev ntxhov siab hauv lus Askiv yog txhob txwm qhia cov lus rau kev xav xim. Hauv kev hais lus, muaj qhov nce thiab txo qis hauv intonation. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tseem muaj cov sib xyaw ua ke los muab cov lus hais hauv qhov tshwj xeeb ci ntsa iab thiab saturation.
