Khan Kubrat yog tus tsim ntawm Great Bulgaria, uas nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 7th nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm niaj hnub Ukraine, Russia thiab North Caucasus. Nws los ntawm ib tsev neeg qub Dulo. Lub npe Khan Kubrat txhais tau tias "hma tiag."
Nws yog tus kav no uas yuav tham ntxiv.
Biography
Hnub kawg ntawm lub neej ntawm Khan Kubrat tsis paub. Nws tau yug los hauv 605, loj hlob thiab loj hlob hauv Constantinople, ntawm lub tsev hais plaub imperial. Nws yog ib tug phooj ywg ntawm Byzantine huab tais hu ua Heraclius. Raws li cov keeb kwm hais tias, Kubrat yog ib tug ntseeg uas tau ua kev cai raus dej thaum muaj hnub nyoog 12.
Nws paub tias Organa yog Kubrat tus txiv ntxawm. Nws yog nws uas tau txais txiaj ntsig nrog thawj qhov kev coj ua ntawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv. Tom qab nws tuag, Kubrat pib kav cov Bulgarians. Contemporaries qhia nws li ib tug muaj zog, dexterous warrior kav. Nws tau sib yuav rau Byzantine aristocrat.
Hauv 632 Khan Kubrat tau sib sau ua ke ntawm Bulgarian pab pawg. Phanagoria tau los ua lub peev ntawm lub xeev. Lub Great Bulgaria ntawm Khan Kubrat nyob thaj tsam ntawm Azov thiab Dub hiav txwv steppes. Tus kav tau tawm tsam rau lub hwj chim ntawm cov Turks. Nws tswj kom rhuav tshem lub quab ntawm Avars thiab tsim kom muaj lub xeev muaj zog. Great Bulgaria yog thib ob hauv lub zog ntawm European lub xeev tom qab Byzantium. Tseem fwv xyooKurbat los ntawm Bulgaria - 635-650th.
In 634-641. Kubrat tau nkag mus rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog tus huab tais Byzantine thiab tau txais qib ntawm patrician. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lub khan poob rau hauv lub dominion ntawm tus huab tais. Tsis muaj ntaub ntawv hais txog kev nthuav tawm ntawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv ntawm cov Bulgarians, tab sis qhov tseeb tias tus tsim ntawm cov neeg Tatar yog cov ntseeg tseem yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg.
Qee cov keeb kwm kuj tau hais tias Kubrat tom qab ntawd tso tseg cov ntseeg thiab rov qab mus rau qhov qub kev ntseeg, uas yog Altai.
Phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum
Cov lus zoo tau sau rau ntawm lub tsev ntawm Bulgarian Parliament: "Kev sib txuas yog lub zog". Nws ntseeg hais tias qhov kev txawj ntse no belongs rau Khan Kubrat. Nws yog tus uas qhia nws cov tub tias nws tsis yooj yim rau tawg ib pawg pas nrig, thiab yog li ntawd nws tseem ceeb heev kom ua ke.
Txawm li cas los xij, Kubrat cov menyuam tsis mloog lawv txiv, yog li ntawd tau raug Khazars kov yeej.
Kubrat nws tus kheej tuag hauv 665.
Txoj hmoo ntawm cov tub
Khan Kubrat, uas nws biography peb tab tom xav txog, muaj tsib tug tub:
- Batbayan tau ncaj ncees rau nws txiv lub siab nyiam thiab tseem nyob hauv Bulgaria. Tab sis tom qab uas Khazars kov yeej, nws raug yuam kom them se rau lawv.
- Kotrag coj pawg neeg Kotrag. Cov keeb kwm ntseeg hais tias ob pawg neeg tom qab tsim Volga Bulgaria. Niaj hnub no Tatars lees paub Kotrag ua tus tsim ntawm Tatarstan, ntau ntawm lawv suav lawv tus kheej cov xeeb ntxwv ntawm Bulgarians thaum ub. Tseeb, Kazan Tatars thiab Caucasian Bulgarians muaj cov lus zoo sib xws. Thiab hais lus ntawm tus yawm kav (txiv ntawm Kotrag) nyob rau hauv nws haiv neeglus, cov Tatars yuav siv cov kab lus "turynda khan Kubrat", qhov twg thawj lo lus raug muab txhais ua lus Lavxias raws li preposition "o".
- Asparuh nrog ib pab pawg neeg ntawm Onogondurov mus rau lub Danube River. Nws yog nws uas tawm tsam nrog Byzantium, yeej Constantine IV thiab nrhiav tau lub xeev Bulgaria.
- Kuber (los yog Kuver) tau tsiv mus rau sab qab teb mus rau Macedonia niaj hnub no.
- Altsek, tus tub yau ntawm Kubrat, tau mus rau thaj tsam ntawm Ltalis niaj hnub, qhov chaw nws xa mus rau cov vajntxwv Christian.
Ntawm no yog txoj hmoo ntawm tsib tus tub ntawm Kubrat, uas tsis mloog lawv txiv cov lus txib.
keeb kwm tseem ceeb thiab cov xwm txheej txij li
Kev kav Khan Kubrat tshuav ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm keeb kwm ntiaj teb. Nws yog lub sijhawm no uas peb pawg neeg sib raug zoo tsim los ntawm cov Bulgars: nomads, cov neeg ua liaj ua teb thiab cov neeg txawj ntse. Hmoov tsis zoo, lub xeev tsis kav ntev - tsuas yog ib lub hlis twg ntawm ib puas xyoo.
Tom qab Khan tuag lawm, lub xeev tau tawg, thiab tom qab ntawd poob rau hauv kev lwj thiab tau kov yeej los ntawm Khazars. Nws yog lawv uas nyob hauv North Caucasus. Txawm li cas los xij, historians ntseeg tias Khazars thiab Bulgarians yog haiv neeg nyob ze. Txawm li cas los xij, Khazars nrhiav kev ntes Hiav Txwv ntawm Azov nrog nws cov pastures zoo nkauj thiab cov chaw nres nkoj Hiav Txwv Dub. Los ntawm txoj cai no pib tsim lub xeev Khazar. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yog ib zaj dab neeg sib txawv kiag li.
Nyob zoo nrhiav
Lub Tsib Hlis 1912, ib qho khoom muaj nqis tau pom hauv Ukrainian lub zos Maloe Pereshchepino, suav nrog cov tais kub, hniav nyiaj hniav kub, thiab npib. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 25 kg ntawm kub khoom, 50 kg ntawm nyiaj. Cov khoom muaj nqis raug xa mus rau hauvHermitage ntawm St. Petersburg.
Munich xibfwb Werner tau muab pov thawj tias cov khoom uas pom yog Khan Kubrat. Ntxiv mus, nws tau txais qee qhov kev nplua nuj no los ntawm Huab tais Heraclius.
Ib qho tshwj xeeb pom tau yog peb lub nplhaib uas koom nrog khan. Ob tug ntawm lawv tau sau lub npe Kubrat.
Cov khoom muaj nqis tshaj plaws uas pom yog rab ntaj ntev 95 cm thiab hnyav tshaj ib kg. Nws yog lined nrog kub thiab muaj iav inlays. Cov kws tshaj lij hais tias nrog rab ntaj zoo li no, ntawm chav kawm, lawv tsis mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Qhov no yog ib yam khoom ua koob tsheej uas tau siv hauv kev ua koob tsheej. Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm qhov no yog kev tsim cov ntaj los ntawm kub thiab qhov me me ntawm lub hint.
Hnub no, rab ntaj tau nthuav tawm rau lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb ntawm cov rooj sib tham tsis tshua muaj. Hmoov tsis zoo, nws tsis yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev nthuav qhia mus tas li ntawm Hermitage.
Cov khoom dai ntawm rab ntaj, thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm nws cov khoom siv, xa mus rau Iranian kab lig kev cai. Qhov nuance no hais ntau yam txog keeb kwm ntawm Bulgarians thaum ub ua ib haiv neeg.
Monument
Lub zos qhov chaw uas cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm Khan Kubrat tau pom yog suav tias yog qhov chaw faus tus thawj coj loj. Nyob rau hauv 2001, ib tug monument tau tsa nyob rau ntawd. Tus pib ntawm lub installation yog tus editor ntawm lub zos ntawv xov xwm D. I. Kostova. Cov neeg ua haujlwm kho thiab tus thawj coj ntawm Ukrainian Rada N. Gaber kuj tau koom nrog hauv txoj haujlwm.
Ukrainian Bulgarians tuaj txog 10 xyoo ntawm kev qhib lub monument hauv 2011, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tub ceev xwm hauv zos thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv Bulgarian kuj tuaj. Nyob rau hauv lub zos nws tus kheej muaj ib tug Bulgarian-Ukrainian tsev cia puav pheej, qhov twg cov qhua mustom qab lub ceremony.
Nyob rau hauv ntawv thiab xinesmas
Tus cwj pwm ntawm tus thawj coj tub rog yeej tsis mus tsis pom ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam ib yam nkaus.
Cov keeb kwm tshiab los ntawm Musagit Khabibullin "Kubrat Khan" qhia txog cov xwm txheej ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 7th. Cov ntawv tshiab qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm Khazars thiab Bulgarians. Lub koom haum pab pawg neeg ntawm Bulgarians, coj los ntawm Kubrat, tau nyob hauv txoj haujlwm nyuaj. Tus kws sau ntawv qhia li cas lub khan cawm lub xeev nws tsim.
Hauv xyoo 2006 tus thawj coj P. Petkov tau ua yeeb yaj kiab "Bulgarians". Nyob rau hauv nws, tus sau sim nrhiav cov lus teb rau cov lus nug txog leej twg Bulgarians yog ib pab pawg neeg, dab tsi yav dhau los zoo lawv nkaum hauv lawv tus kheej. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm zaj duab xis yog Khan Kubrat.
