Acetylene yog ib qho tsis muaj hydrocarbon. Qhov sib xyaw no, nrog rau nws ntau homologues, ua cov khoom siv raw rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ntau.
Khoom thiab tsim cov acetylene
Acetylene yog cov roj tsis muaj xim ntawm atmospheric siab thiab qhov kub thiab txias. Yog tias qhov kub thiab txias poob rau -85 degrees thiab qis dua, ces qhov sib xyaw no mus rau lwm lub xeev - khoom. Hauv qhov no, crystals yog tsim. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv cov kua thiab cov khoom muaj zog, acetylene tuaj yeem tawg tau yooj yim nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib txhuam los yog kev cuam tshuam (hydraulic lossis mechanical). Nws yog cov cuab yeej no uas feem ntau txiav txim siab nws txoj haujlwm. Acetylene combustion tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm oxygen. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem no, cov nplaim hluav taws yog tsim los ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj plaws (3150 degrees) piv rau lwm hom roj.
Txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb los tsim acetylene yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas calcium carbide thiab dej cuam tshuam. Cov txheej txheem no tshwm sim ntawm qhov kub ntawm li 2000 degrees thiab yog endothermic.
Yuav muaj ib yam li kev tawmacetylene. Qhov no yog nws cov nyiaj, uas yog tso tawm los ntawm decomposition ntawm 1 kg ntawm calcium carbide. GOST 1460-56 tsim cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb rau tus nqi no, uas ncaj qha nyob ntawm qib ntawm granulation ntawm cov khoom pib. Yog li, qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov me me me me ntawm calcium carbide yog qhov txo qis ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm acetylene.
qauv no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov muaj cov impurities txawv teb chaws hauv cov khoom zoo ntawm carbide, xws li calcium oxide.
Muaj lwm yam, tsis tshua muaj teeb meem, kim thiab siv zog siv txoj hauv kev los tsim acetylene. Piv txwv li, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm thermo-oxidative pyrolysis ntawm methane los ntawm natural gas; decomposition ntawm roj, kerosene thiab lwm yam roj los ntawm electropyrolysis.
Cia thiab thauj
Txhua txoj kev khaws cia thiab kev thauj mus los suav nrog kev siv lub tog raj kheej. Lawv tau sau nrog ib qho tshwj xeeb loj ntawm porous sib xws. Nws yog impregnated nrog acetone, uas dissolves acetylene zoo. Kev siv txoj kev no tso cai rau koj los ua kom muaj peev xwm ntxiv ntawm acetylene lub tog raj kheej thiab, qhov tseem ceeb, txo nws txoj kev tawg.
Kev sib cuag ntev ntawm acetylene nrog cov hlau xws li tooj liab thiab nyiaj tuaj yeem ua rau nws tawg. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom uas yuav muaj cov hlau, xws li li qub, yuav tsum tsis txhob siv.
Raws li txoj cai, lub tog raj kheej yuav tsum muaj cov valve tshwj xeeb tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev khaws ciaacetylene.
Kev siv tag nrho ntawm tag nrho lub peev xwm ntawm lub tog raj kheej tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev khaws cov ntim khoob kom cov acetone faib thoob plaws tag nrho cov ntim ntawm lub tog raj kheej. Thiab qhov no tsuas yog ua tau nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm kab rov tav. Sau lub zais pa yuav tsum tau qeeb heev, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua raws li cov kev mob ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm dissolving acetylene nyob rau hauv acetone, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws ceev.
txiaj ntsig ntawm yaj acetylene
Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm yaj acetylene tshaj qhov uas tau siv cov khoom siv calcium carbide portable yog tias thaum siv lub tog raj kheej, cov welder lub zog tau nce li ntawm 20%, thiab acetylene poob los ntawm 25%. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qhov nce hauv efficiency thiab maneuverability ntawm vuam ncej, kev nyab xeeb. Tsis zoo li cov roj uas tau txais los ntawm calcium carbide, yaj acetylene muaj cov tshuaj txawv teb chaws tsawg dua, uas yog, impurities, uas tso cai rau nws siv rau hauv kev ua haujlwm vuam tshwj xeeb.
Daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb ntawm acetylene
- Vuam thiab txiav cov hlau.
- Siv lub teeb ci, dawb. Hauv qhov no, peb tab tom tham txog acetylene, tau los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm calcium carbide thiab dej. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, autonomous teeb yog siv.
- Kev tsim khoom tawg.
- Tau txais lwm cov tebchaw thiab cov ntaub ntawv, uas yog acetic acid, ethyl cawv, cov kuab tshuaj, plastics, roj hmab, aromatic hydrocarbons.
Acetylene: daim ntawv thov hauv kev tsim kho thiabkev lag luam
Autogenous thiab vuam ua haujlwm nrog yuav luag txhua theem ntawm kev tsim kho. Nws yog nyob rau hauv cov haujlwm no uas acetylene siv. Nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb ntaus ntawv hu ua ib tug burner, cov gases yog tov thiab combustion cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nws tus kheej tshwm sim. Qhov kub siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tau mus txog thaum cov ntsiab lus ntawm acetylene yog 45% ntawm tag nrho cov ntim ntawm lub tog raj kheej.
Lub tog raj kheej nrog cov roj no tau sau npe raws li hauv qab no: lawv tau pleev xim dawb thiab cov ntawv sau "Acetylene" yog siv rau hauv cov ntawv liab loj
Kev tsim kho yog ua tiav hauv huab cua qhib. Kev siv acetylene thiab nws cov homologues nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej no yuav tsum tsis txhob tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm lub hnub ncaj qha. Kev so luv luv yuav tsum tau nrog los ntawm kev kaw cov li qub ntawm lub qhov cub, thiab qhov ntev - los ntawm kev kaw cov li qub ntawm lub tog raj kheej lawv tus kheej.
Acetylene yog qhov xav tau zoo hauv kev lag luam tshuaj. Nws daim ntawv thov muaj nyob rau hauv kev siv cov tshuaj no nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm tau txais cov khoom ntawm organic synthesis. Cov no yog cov roj hmab hluavtaws, yas, cov kuab tshuaj, acetic acid, thiab lwm yam.
Acetylene, ua roj thoob ntiaj teb, feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem nrog kev kho cov nplaim taws. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas kev siv acetylene hauv kev lag luam tsuas yog ua tau yog tias kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb tau pom, vim tias nws yog cov roj tawg.
Carbide teeb
Lub npe "carbide teeb" yog vim siv qhibnplaim hluav taws ntawm burnt acetylene. Nws yog, raws li, tau txais los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm calcium carbide nrog dej.
Cov teeb zoo li no tau nthuav dav yav dhau los. Lawv tuaj yeem pom ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom, tsheb thiab tsheb kauj vab. Nyob rau lub sijhawm niaj hnub no, cov teeb ci carbide tsuas yog siv thaum xav tau ceev rau lub teeb muaj zog autonomous. Yog li, speleologists feem ntau siv lawv. Tej thaj chaw deb beacons tau nkag nrog cov teeb zoo li no, vim hais tias hom teeb pom kev zoo no muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua li kev sib txuas cov kab hluav taws xob. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim uas siv cov teeb no ntawm cov nkoj hauv hiav txwv.
Acetylene: daim ntawv thov kho mob
Cov tshuaj siv hauv thaj chaw no li cas? Kev tshuaj loog dav dav suav nrog kev siv alkynes. Acetylene yog ib qho ntawm cov pa roj uas siv rau hauv kev nqus tshuaj loog. Tab sis nws txoj kev siv dav hauv lub peev xwm no yog qhov dhau los. Tam sim no muaj ntau txoj kev niaj hnub thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev siv tshuaj loog.
Txawm hais tias nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias kev siv acetylene tsis ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj, txij li ua ntej tus nqi ntawm nws cov concentration hauv cov pa nqus tau mus txog qhov txwv tsis pub muaj kev phom sij, qhov hluav taws xob qis dua yuav dhau mus.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev siv cov roj no yog ua raws li kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau overestimate yuav ua li cas txaus ntshai acetylene. Nws siv tau tsuas yog tom qab tag nrho cov lus qhia tsim nyog nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm ntau qhov chaw uas nwssiv.
