Antiparticle ntawm electron - positro: nqi, cim

Cov txheej txheem:

Antiparticle ntawm electron - positro: nqi, cim
Antiparticle ntawm electron - positro: nqi, cim
Anonim

Ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm txaus nyiam tshaj plaws ntsib kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub no yog nthuav tawm qhov tsis meej ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Nws paub tias txhua yam hauv ntiaj teb no muaj teeb meem lossis khoom siv. Tab sis, raws li cov kev xav ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub Big Bang, tsis yog tsuas yog cov khoom uas ua rau tag nrho cov khoom ntawm ib puag ncig lub ntiaj teb no tau tsim, tab sis kuj lub thiaj li hu ua antimatter, antimatter thiab, yog li ntawd, cov antiparticles. teeb meem.

Antiparticle ntawm electron

thawj antiparticle uas nws muaj nyob tau kwv yees thiab tom qab ntawd kev tshawb fawb pov thawj yog positron.

Yuav kom nkag siab lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm no antiparticle, nws tsim nyog hais txog cov qauv ntawm lub atom. Nws paub tias lub nucleus ntawm ib lub atom muaj cov protons (cov khoom raug them zoo) thiab neutrons (cov khoom uas tsis muaj nqi). Electrons circulate nyob rau hauv nws orbits - hais nrog ib tug tsis zoo hluav taws xob nqi.

Positron yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm electron. Nws muaj tus nqi zoo. Nyob rau hauv physics, lub cim rau ib tug positron zoo li no: e+ (lub cim siv los qhia tus electron yoge-). Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tshwm sim los ntawm cov xov tooj cua tsis zoo.

Postitron txawv ntawm proton li cas?

Tus nqi ntawm positron yog qhov zoo, yog li nws qhov txawv ntawm electron thiab neutron yog qhov pom tseeb. Tab sis cov proton, tsis zoo li cov electron thiab neutron, kuj muaj ib tug zoo nqi. Qee tus neeg ua yuam kev ntawm kev ntseeg tias positron thiab proton yog qhov tseem ceeb tib yam.

Qhov txawv yog tias ib qho proton yog ib feem, ib feem ntawm cov khoom, teeb meem uas ua rau peb lub ntiaj teb, uas yog ib feem ntawm txhua atomic nucleus. Lub positron yog antiparticle ntawm electron. Nws tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog cov proton, tsuas yog tus nqi zoo.

Leej twg pom tus poitron?

Thawj zaug, qhov muaj nyob ntawm positron tau tawm tswv yim los ntawm Askiv tus kws kho mob Paul Dirac xyoo 1928. Nws lub tswv yim yog tias ib qho antiparticle nrog cov nqi zoo sib xws rau electron. Tsis tas li ntawd, Dirac tau hais tias, tau ntsib, ob qho tib si yuav ploj mus, tso tawm ntau lub zog hauv cov txheej txheem. Lwm qhov ntawm nws qhov kev xav yog tias muaj cov txheej txheem thim rov qab uas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom tshwm sim uas cuam tshuam rau nws. Daim duab qhia cov lem ntawm ib tug electron thiab nws antiparticles

nrhiav pom ntawm positro
nrhiav pom ntawm positro

Ntau xyoo tom qab ntawd, tus kws kho mob Carl Anderson (Tebchaws Asmeskas), thaij duab nrog cov huab cua thiab kawm txog lawv txoj kev taug, nrhiav pom cov kab uas zoo ib yam li cov hluav taws xob. Txawm li cas los xij, cov lem tau rov qab curvature los ntawm magnetic teb. Yog li ntawd, lawv cov nqi tau zoo. Qhov piv ntawm particle nqi rau huab hwm coj yog tib yam li cov electron. Yog li, Dirac txoj kev xav tau lees paub qhov kev sim. Anderson muabCov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog hu ua positron. Rau nws qhov kev tshawb pom, tus kws tshawb fawb tau txais qhov khoom plig Nobel hauv Physics.

Carl Anderson
Carl Anderson

Qhov kev sib txuas ntawm electron thiab positron hu ua "positronium".

Kev puas tsuaj

Lo lus "kev puas tsuaj" txhais tau tias " ploj mus" lossis "kev puas tsuaj". Thaum Paul Dirac tau hais tias cov particle electron thiab antiparticle ntawm electron yuav ploj mus nyob rau hauv kev sib tsoo, nws yog lawv txoj kev puas tsuaj uas tau hais tseg. Hauv lwm lo lus, lo lus no piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov teeb meem thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, ua rau lawv qhov kev sib nrig ploj thiab kev tso tawm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm no. Yog li ntawd, kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov teeb meem tsis tshwm sim, nws tsuas yog pib muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv daim ntawv.

Thaum kev sib tsoo ntawm ib qho hluav taws xob thiab positron, photons raug tsim - quanta ntawm hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Lawv tsis muaj nqi lossis so ntau.

Tseem tseem muaj txheej txheem rov qab hu ua "yug ob peb". Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov particle thiab antiparticle tshwm sim los ntawm electromagnetic los yog lwm yam kev sib tshuam.

Txawm tias thaum ib qho positron thiab ib qho hluav taws xob sib tsoo, lub zog raug tso tawm. Nws yog txaus kom xav txog dab tsi kev sib tsoo ntawm ntau cov khoom nrog antiparticles yuav ua rau. Lub zog muaj peev xwm ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau tib neeg yog qhov tsis muaj nqis.

Flash hauv qhov chaw
Flash hauv qhov chaw

Antiproton thiab antineutron

Nws yog qhov xav tau los xav tias txij li cov electron's antiparticle muaj nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej, ces lwm qhov tseem ceeb yuav tsummuaj antiparticles. Cov antiproton thiab antineutron tau pom nyob rau hauv 1955 thiab 1956 feem. Ib qho antiproton muaj tus nqi tsis zoo, antineutron tsis muaj nqi. Qhib antiparticles hu ua antinucleons. Yog li, antimatter muaj cov nram qab no: lub nuclei ntawm atoms muaj antinucleons, thiab positrons orbit ncig lub nucleus.

Xyoo 1969, thawj isotope ntawm antihelium tau txais hauv USSR.

Nyob rau xyoo 1995, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydrogen tau tsim los ntawm CERN (lub chaw soj ntsuam European nuclear).

Lub koom haum CERN
Lub koom haum CERN

Tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab nws lub ntsiab lus

Raws li nws tau hais, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm electron, proton thiab neutron tuaj yeem rhuav tshem nrog lawv cov khoom qub, tsim lub zog thaum sib tsoo. Yog li ntawd, kev kawm txog cov xwm txheej no yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau ntau yam kev tshawb fawb.

Tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov ua haujlwm ntev heev, ua haujlwm hnyav thiab raug nqi ntau. Rau qhov no, tshwj xeeb particle accelerators thiab magnetic ntxiab yog tsim, uas yuav tsum tuav lub resulting antimatter. Antimatter yog cov khoom kim tshaj plaws rau hnub tim.

Yog tias cov khoom tsim tawm tuaj yeem tso rau hauv kwj, ces tib neeg yuav muab lub zog rau ntau xyoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov roj foob pob hluav taws, vim tias, qhov tseeb, cov roj no yuav tau txais los ntawm kev sib cuag ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog txhua yam khoom.

Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Nyuaj Siab

Zoo li ntau qhov kev tshawb pom los ntawm tib neeg, kev tshawb pom ntawm electron thiab nucleon antiparticles tuaj yeem nthuav tawm tib neeg nrogkev hem thawj loj. Txhua tus paub lub hwj chim ntawm lub foob pob atomic thiab kev puas tsuaj nws tuaj yeem ua rau. Tab sis lub zog ntawm qhov tawg thaum lub sij hawm sib cuag ntawm cov teeb meem nrog antimatter yog colossal thiab ntau zaus ntau dua li lub zog ntawm lub foob pob atomic. Yog li, yog tias "kev tawm tsam foob pob" tau tsim muaj ib hnub, tib neeg yuav tso nws tus kheej ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau tus kheej.

Kev tawg ntawm antimatter
Kev tawg ntawm antimatter

Peb tuaj yeem kos tau dab tsi?

  1. Lub qab ntuj khwb yog tsim los ntawm cov teeb meem thiab antimatter.
  2. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm electron thiab nucleons hu ua "positron" thiab "antinucleons".
  3. Antiparticles muaj qhov opposite nqi.
  4. Kev sib tsoo ntawm cov teeb meem thiab cov khoom tiv thaiv ua rau kev puas tsuaj.
  5. Lub zog ntawm kev puas tsuaj loj heev uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm rau tib neeg thiab ua phem rau nws lub neej.

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