Kev tshawb fawb txog Geological suav nrog kev kawm txog geological thiab tectonic qauv ntawm cov cheeb tsam loj (cov cheeb tsam, chaw ua haujlwm). Nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm kev tshawb fawb, lub stratigraphy (qhov sib lawv liag ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm geological formations), lub hauv paus chiv keeb (keeb kwm) thiab lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov pob zeb uas ua rau lub plhaub ntawm lub ntiaj teb nqaij qaib ntawm qhov chaw tshawb fawb tau qhia meej.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb no tau nthuav tawm hauv daim ntawv qhia geological. Daim ntawv qhia geological piav qhia hauv daim duab graphical ntawm lub hauv paus saum toj saud ntawm ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm cov qauv geological ntawm ib feem ntawm lub ntiaj teb lub pob zeb hauv ib lub dav hlau kab rov tav hauv ib qho chaw kawm. Cov ntaub ntawv geological tiag tiag muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia tag nrho. Cov seem geological tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas cov pob zeb tau npog los ntawm cov av tuab-cov nroj tsuag txheej, niaj hnub anthropogenic formations.
Geological seem sawv cev rau hauv daim duab kos ib ntu ntu ntawm lub ntiaj teb lub pob zeb mus rau qhov tob qhib los ntawm qhov dej los yog kuv txoj haujlwm. Nws yog ib qho yuav tsum muaj ntxiv.daim ntawv qhia geological. Ntu geological illuminates lub lithological seem ntawm cov kev kawm strata, lub thickness ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, lawv txoj hauj lwm, cov qauv ntawm geological lub cev, lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov pob zeb, txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov av theem.
Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug ntawm cov qauv geological hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog thaj av, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kab rov tav (daim ntawv qhia teev) thiab ntsug (section scale) nplai yuav tsum yog tib yam. Tab sis rau kev tsim cov khoom siv (txoj kev, dams, vaj tse), ntsug scale ntawm geological seem yog nce los ntawm kaum, pua pua zaus.
Ib ntu geological yog ua raws kab kab kos rau ntawm daim ntawv qhia hla kev tawm tsam (dhau) ntawm cov qauv geological. Txoj kab yog kos raws cov ntsiab lus uas sawv cev rau lub qhov dej ntawm daim ntawv qhia. Yog xav paub ntxiv txog cov qauv geological ntawm lub ntiaj teb crust nyob rau hauv qhov chaw kawm, kab ntawm geological seem yuav tawg.
txhawm rau tsim ib ntu, ua ntej, qhov profile saum toj kawg nkaus yog tsim los ntawm daim ntawv kos duab, rhuav tshem cov cim nce siab. Qhov nruab nrab qhov siab ntawm cheeb tsam yog txiav txim siab thiab kab rov tav (zero) yog kos raws qhov siab no. Qhov chaw ntawm qhov dej yog siv rau qhov profile thiab perpendiculars mus rau xoom kab yog qis dua los ntawm cov ntsiab lus no. Txhua qhov perpendicular yog ib txoj kab uas koj xav kom pom cov geological seem ntawm qhov dej siv nws cov ntaub ntawv. Cov ntsiab lus uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev piav qhia ntawm ntuj outcrops ntawm lub ntiaj teb crust kuj tau siv rau txoj kab txiav. Tom qab ntawd ib ntu geological tau tsim, txuas cov ciam teb nrog cov kab(sole thiab ru tsev) ntawm pob zeb txheej zoo tib yam hauv lithology thiab hnub nyoog. Txhawm rau tsim kom muaj qhov chaw geological kom raug, lawv ua tib zoo kawm daim ntawv qhia, txiav txim siab txog cov qauv, hom pob zeb tshwm sim, thiab qhov tsis raug.
Ib ntu engineering-geological txawv ntawm ib qho geological hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv uas qhia txog lub cev thiab lub zog ntawm cov av thiab cov txheej txheem dynamics. Rau kev ntsuam xyuas engineering ntawm thaj chaw rau kev tsim cov tsev, cov qauv, tsis yog tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv geological yuav tsum tau nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov pob zeb txog lawv lub zog, cov ntsiab lus dej, tab sis kuj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev hloov pauv hauv thaj chaw geological - cov txheej txheem thiab cov xwm txheej tshwm sim ntawm thaj chaw: Frost heaving ntawm cov av, tsim karst, landslide txheej txheem, kev faib cov av tshwj xeeb, kev tswj dej hauv av, salinity ntawm cov av, corrosivity ntawm cov av thiab dej hauv av rau pob zeb, hlau, thiab ntau ntxiv. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm engineering thiab geological kev tshawb fawb, cov kev ntsuas uas yuav tsum tau ua rau kev ruaj ntseg thiab durability ntawm cov qauv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho yog txiav txim siab.
