Mace - riam phom ntawm tus phab ej thiab Cossacks: keeb kwm, duab

Cov txheej txheem:

Mace - riam phom ntawm tus phab ej thiab Cossacks: keeb kwm, duab
Mace - riam phom ntawm tus phab ej thiab Cossacks: keeb kwm, duab
Anonim

thaj av nqi npaum li cas, lub sijhawm ntau thiab muaj kev tsov kev rog, kev sib cav sib ceg, ntau yam kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm tib neeg. Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm lawv sim daws tej teeb meem nyob rau hauv kev sib haum xeeb, los ntawm kev sib tham, ces ntau centuries dhau los, lub ntsiab txoj kev los daws qhov teeb meem yog kev sib ntaus. Nws cov neeg koom tau sim ua kom muaj peev xwm ua tau lawv tus kheej txhawm rau txhawm rau ntaus tus yeeb ncuab ntau li ntau tau. Ib qho ntawm cov riam phom nthuav thiab keeb kwm tseem ceeb yog mace. Lo lus los ntawm "bula" - nodule, pob, pob qhov rooj. Peb yuav tham txog qhov kev nthuav dav ntawm kev tiv thaiv thiab tawm tsam hnub no.

keeb kwm me ntsis

Ib tug mace yog riam phom melee, cov yam ntxwv ntawm uas yog luv ncej thiab pommel ua los ntawm pob zeb. Qhov no yog ib qho khoom siv poob siab uas muaj keeb kwm ntev thiab muaj koob meej. Cov neeg qub ntawm South thiab North America, Australia, Asia, Europe thiab Africa rau ntau pua xyoo tau siv hom riam phom no. Thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib, tus mace tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ua lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev tawm tsam.nrog tus yeeb ncuab.

Nyob rau hauv Russia, cov riam phom qub tau tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo pua 11th. Cov kws tshawb fawb-keeb kwm ntseeg tias nws "los" los ntawm Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Tuaj. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, nws tau ntseeg hais tias lub ancient riam phom mace tsis yog ib tug sib ntaus sib tua, tab sis yog ib tug Honorary cwj pwm. Lawv yuav tsum tau nruab nrog infantry thiab cavalry troops. Cov riam phom tau ua los ntawm cov hlau, hlau, thiab tsis tsuas yog "lub taub hau", tab sis kuj yog tus kov. Lawv tau ntxiv cov qauv tsim nrog spikes, uas ua rau kom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm riam phom.

Ideal parameters

riam phom foob pob hluav taws
riam phom foob pob hluav taws

Ib lub club zoo tib yam tuaj yeem suav tias yog tus progenitor ntawm mace. Nws yog nws uas yog lub ntsiab thiab tseem ceeb riam phom ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb - nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb, cov neeg ua liaj ua teb zoo tib yam sim ua pov thawj lawv cov ntaub ntawv nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug yooj yim ntaus ntawv. Tab sis nws muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo kawg nkaus uas nws maj mam dhau los ua "hauv lub neej txhua hnub" ntawm cov tub rog ko taw. Archaeological excavations qhia meej li cas tus mace tau hloov lub sijhawm. Thaum xub thawj, lub taub hau ntawm riam phom yog puag ncig thiab du, tab sis maj mam nws ua ntau dua thiab dhau los ua cov duab plaub, los yog muab nrog spikes thiab tav hla tag nrho cheeb tsam. Qhov hnyav ntawm riam phom yog los ntawm 500 grams mus rau ob los yog ntau tshaj kilograms. Qhov ntev ntawm tus kov yog hais txog 60 cm - qhov no parameter yog "tus qauv". Rau kev yooj yim ntawm kev siv, ib lub pluaj tawv tau txuas rau nws, thiab qee cov ntawv luam tau ntxiv nrog rab riam.

Ib yam lus

Mace yog riam phom tshwj xeeb. Nws muaj ntau yam kev hloov kho, uas tau dhau los ua tau vim nws qhov kev faib tawm thoob plaws. Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm sab hnub tuaj, lub mace hu ua "buzdykhan" los yog "buzdygan", nws pommel yog sib npaug. Hauv Tebchaws Europe, riam phomNws tau hu ua "cleaver" thiab muaj elongated, pear-puab los yog bar-zoo li cov duab. Nyob rau sab hnub poob, tsoos maces tau muab cov pob txha thiab tav, thiab lawv tau hu ua "rau-feathers" lossis "feathers". Cov Germans hu ua thawj version ntawm mace yog "thaum sawv ntxov hnub qub", vim hais tias tsuas yog ib tug tshuab ntawm ib tug yooj yim riam phom tuaj yeem tsoo los ntawm cov cuab yeej muaj zog tshaj plaws thiab kov yeej cov yeeb ncuab. Ib qho cuab yeej nruab nrog cov plaub ntse kuj hu ua "fist mace".

mace yees duab riam phom
mace yees duab riam phom

Ib tug txheeb ze ze ntawm mace yog mace, los yog "trench club" raws li tau los hu ua thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II. Nyob rau hauv Is Nrias teb thiab Persia, riam phom tau ntxiv nrog lub kaw hilt, uas yog lub ntsiab sib txawv ntawm tag nrho cov riam phom ntawm lub teb chaws. Lub mace yog riam phom ntawm Cossacks, lawv hu nws "notch". Tsuas yog qhov tshwm sim thiab sib kis ntawm rab yaj phom thawb lub mace thiab nws cov viv ncaus mus rau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau, thiab tom qab ntawd tag nrho "siv" lawv los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua.

riam phom muaj nqis

mace riam phom ntawm heroes
mace riam phom ntawm heroes

Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm mace yog nws qhov yooj yim zoo kawg thiab nrawm ntawm kev tsim khoom. Cov khoom siv tsis raug nqi ntau, uas ua rau cov riam phom pheej yig rau ntau tus tub rog. Lub mace tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyiam nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua rau nws cov khoom zoo heev - nws muaj peev xwm tiv nrog txawm tias tus yeeb ncuab uas muaj peev xwm ua rau cov cuab yeej hlau. Rau qhov no, nws tau txais ib qho txawv txav txawv txav. Tus maum yog riam phom ntawm cov nplua nuj thiab cov neeg pluag.

Ib txwm neeg peasants ua ib tug mace ntawm ntoo, hlau, nws cov duab yog yooj yim thiab uncomplicated. Cov neeg nplua nuj tau tawm tsam nrog riam phom ua los ntawm tooj liab, tus kov uas tau npog nrog ntaub kom yooj yim, dai kom zoo nkauj nrogmonograms thiab decals. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub mace tau ntau thiab ntau sophisticated. Nws cov tsos thiab lub hom phiaj tau hloov pauv, uas thaum kawg tau los ua "kev thaj yeeb."

Signal

mace txias riam phom
mace txias riam phom

Tus mace tau hlub peb cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv thaum nruab nrab nws maj mam dhau mus rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm lub cim ntawm lub hwj chim thiab meej mom. Fabkis cov neeg saib xyuas lub tsev teev ntuj, cov tsev muaj nyiaj txiag thiab cov tsev muaj koob muaj npe zoo siab tuav lub mace ntawm lawv txhais tes, hais txog lawv qhov tseem ceeb. Tam sim no nws tau ua los ntawm tooj dag, them nrog kub, decorated nrog pob zeb thiab muab ib tug intricate zoo. Hauv ntau lub tebchaws nyob sab hnub poob, cov nom tswv tau sim tsis txhob tshwm sim rau pej xeem yam tsis muaj lub ntsej muag nplua nuj nyob hauv lawv txoj siv sia, thiab cov thawj coj tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm tsis muaj cai tsis hnav nws txhua lub sijhawm. Cov neeg saib xyuas me me "lub xeev nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev" ntawm Vatican tseem adorned lawv tus kheej nrog riam phom keeb kwm hauv kev ua koob tsheej.

21st century mace

Russia yeej ib txwm yog ib lub zog muaj zog tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, thiab nws niaj hnub ua pov thawj qhov tseeb nrog nws ntau qhov kev tshawb pom thiab kev txhim kho. Nws tsis pub leejtwg paub tias lub xeev tsis qis dua rau lwm tus hauv cov khoom siv tub rog. Kev txaus siab ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom hauv tsev yog cov foob pob hluav taws. Russia lub npe nrov tshaj plaws riam phom nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm tsis ntev los no yog Bulava. Qhov no yog ballistic intercontinental missile, uas cov neeg tsim khoom tau tso lub luag haujlwm zoo rau kev ncaj ncees ntawm ciam teb ntawm Niam. Nws yog peb-theem solid-propellant, tsim los ua raws hauv hiav txwv. Nuclear submarines ntawm tiam tshiab tau nruab nrog cov riam phom niaj hnub no, nws "ua haujlwm" davLub complex "Topol-M". Cov riam phom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau lub sijhawm tsis ntev los no yog Bulava missile. Cov neeg tsim qauv sim sib sau ua ke av thiab hiav txwv foob pob hluav taws khiav ntawm cov roj khov.

"Maj" yog riam phom ntawm cov neeg hlub tiag tiag

mace ancient riam phom
mace ancient riam phom

Cov riam phom tshuav nws yug los rau tus tsim engineers ntawm Moscow lub koom haum ntawm thermal Engineering, uas nyob rau hauv 1988 pib ua lub luag hauj lwm. Qhov no yog ib qho kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab kiag li: cov neeg tsim qauv txaus siab rau lawv lub hlwb, thiab cov tub rog tau hais lus nrov nrov ntawm riam phom tsis sib haum - Bulava missile.

Kev sim ntawm cov foob pob hluav taws tau pib rov qab rau xyoo 2004, thiab, txawm tias muaj kev ua tsis tiav thiab suav tsis raug, nws tau los ua "tus pab" zoo rau lub nkoj nkoj "Yuri Dolgoruky". Niaj hnub no, txoj hmoo ntawm Bulava tsis tau txiav txim siab tag nrho, tab sis cov neeg tsim khoom txuas ntxiv hloov kho thiab txhim kho tus tsim.

riam phom stats

Nws nyuaj rau tus neeg tsis paub nkag siab txog cov lej thiab cov ntawv luv luv, tab sis qee qhov ntsuas yuav ua rau xav tsis thoob rau qhov kev xav ntawm cov neeg Lavxias. Yog li, qhov ntau ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws yog 8 txhiab kilometers! Qhov hnyav pib ntawm riam phom yog ntau tshaj 36 tons. Cov blocks nuclear uas Bulava tau nruab nrog tuaj yeem hloov pauv txoj hauv kev ntawm lawv lub davhlau. Muaj peev xwm muaj li ntawm 6 mus rau 10 ntawm lawv, uas ua rau riam phom yuav luag invincible.

Lub siab xav tso lub foob pob hluav taws tuaj yeem tso cai rau nws los ntawm txoj haujlwm "ntawm-tus-mus", ua rau Mace muaj ntau yam thiab yooj yim los tswj thiab tso tawm. Tsis mus rau hauv cov yam ntxwv ntawm riam phom, nws yog tseeb hais tias qhov no yog ib tug ntawm cov loj-scale tej yaam num uasyuav ntxiv dag zog rau ciam teb ntawm lub xeev thiab muab cov tub rog nrog cov cuab yeej tshiab. Qhov riam phom muaj zog no yog Bulava missile, qhov project loj ntawm kaum xyoo dhau los uas tseem tab tom ua tiav tab sis cog lus tias yuav loj heev.

riam phom
riam phom

Qab ntau tshaj ib qho kev tso tawm

Thawj qhov kev sim pib ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws tau ua rau lub Cuaj Hlis 23, 2004 los ntawm Dmitry Donskoy submarine hauv Severodvinsk. Qhov kev tshwm sim no tau cim qhov pib ntawm kev sim ntawm cov khoom tiav. Nws tau pom tseeb tias riam phom Bulava tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv submarines. Yuav luag ib xyoos tom qab ntawd, lub foob pob hluav taws thib ob tau ua nyob rau hauv Kamchatka, thaum lub sij hawm lub warheads tau ua tiav cov hom phiaj xav tau ntawm qhov chaw sim npaj rau kev sim. Ib hlis tom qab, Bulava rov qhia nws qhov zoo tshaj plaws, tau tiv nrog txoj haujlwm uas tau tsim los ntawm cov tub rog.

Rau ob xyoos, tag nrho cov kev sim tom ntej ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws tsis tau ua tiav: riam phom Lavxias - Bulava missile - tag nrho deviated los ntawm cov phiaj xwm phiaj xwm, lossis npaj txhij txog kev puas tsuaj rau tus kheej, lossis tsis yog tag nrho cov foob pob hluav taws mus txog. xav aim. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, nws tau txiav txim siab los hloov tsis tau tsuas yog cov nroj tsuag uas tsim muaj zog riam phom, tab sis kuj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm designers thiab developers.

Tej zaum cov teeb meem ntawm kev tua phom tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb tias riam phom tsim los "ua haujlwm" hauv hiav txwv tau tsim los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij ntawm cov phiaj xwm av. Tom qab ntawd, Bulava pib tsim tawm ntawm Moscow Machine-Building Plant Vympel enterprise.

Nyob hauv qab saibsaib

Ntxim qab kawg, thaum lub sijhawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm Bulava ballistic missile, cov neeg soj ntsuam los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas tau ua raws li kev nce qib. Raws li Lub Hom Phiaj Kev Ua Phem Txhaum Cai, txij li xyoo 1988 txog rau Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 5, 2009, Asmeskas cov npoj yaig tsis tu ncua ua kom pom kev tswj xyuas hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom. Ntawm cov ntxaij vab tshaus saib, cov neeg soj ntsuam txawv teb chaws pom riam phom ntawm kev tawm ntawm lub Hoobkas hauv lub nroog Votkinsk, qhov kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb tau txiav txim siab qhov ntev thiab qee qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm riam phom. Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag, Asmeskas cov neeg ua haujlwm niaj hnub ua ib puag ncig txhawm rau txheeb xyuas thiab txwv kev ua txhaum cai ntawm Bulava kev thauj mus los. Cov wagons, uas lub foob pob hluav taws tuaj yeem raug coj tawm, tau ua tib zoo xyuas los ntawm cov neeg soj ntsuam los ntawm Asmeskas. Qhov tseeb no qhia tias, txawm tias muaj qee qhov teeb meem hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev ua tsis tiav, Mace yog ib qho riam phom loj thiab pheej hmoo.

mace ancient riam phom
mace ancient riam phom

Echoes of history

Nws yog qhov tsim nyog hais tias riam phom nrog keeb kwm ntev thiab kev txhim kho niaj hnub hauv kev tiv thaiv thiab foob pob hluav taws muaj lub npe tib yam. Lub mace yog riam phom ntawm cov phab ej tsis yog ntawm Nrab Hnub nyoog, tab sis kuj ntawm cov neeg tua neeg ntawm peb hnub. Cov neeg tsim tawm tsis tau npe lawv lub hlwb li ntawd rau qhov tsis muaj dab tsi, vim lawv tau sim muab lub foob pob hluav taws niaj hnub no lub npe loj thiab muab lub zog tshwj xeeb.

Lub mace ntawm yav dhau los ib-paus xyoo thiab niaj hnub no yog ob yam riam phom sib txawv kiag li ob qho tib si hauv qhov tsos thiab ua haujlwm. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau cia siab tias lub npe sonorous yuav dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov yuam sij rau kev ua tiav ntawm pab pawgdesigners, testers thiab developers. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau yam teeb meem nrog kev sim, peb ntseeg tias Russia lub ntsiab riam phom yog Bulava.

Tam sim no koj paub yuav luag txhua yam ntawm cov mos txwv loj heev. Peb nthuav qhia zaj dab neeg yug, cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws Bulava, cov duab. Cov riam phom no tseem tsis tau muab tso rau thaum kawg, tab sis twb muaj qee yam zoo. Cov tub rog muaj kev cia siab siab rau Bulava, yog li ua haujlwm ntawm qhov haujlwm siab tsis nres.

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