Nyob hauv cov qib pib, lub hauv paus ntawm tus neeg sau ntawv sau tau raug tsim.
Txhua tus paub tias qhov nyuaj ntawm cov lus Lavxias feem ntau yog vim qhov tsis sib xws ntawm kev sau ntawv thiab kev hais lus. Feem ntau qhov no yog txuam nrog cov consonants.
Yuav ua li cas yog ob tus lej?
Txhua tus neeg nyob hauv qhov no lossis qhov kev tawm tsam nrog ib leeg raws li lawv tus yam ntxwv. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog kev tawm tsam ntawm lub suab los ntawm lag ntseg-suab.
Ib txhia consonants, nrog rau coincidence ntawm tag nrho lwm yam nta, xws li qhov chaw ntawm tsim thiab txoj kev ntawm kev hais lus, txawv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv kev koom tes ntawm lub suab nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm sounding. Lawv hu ua khub niam txiv. Cov lus uas tseem tshuav tsis muaj ib khub lag ntseg- suab: l, m, x, c, h, u, d.
| paired consonants |
piv txwv cov lus nrog ob tus lej |
|
| Vim (nrog lub suab) | Nug (tsis muaj suab) | |
| [p] | tables - table[p] | |
| [at] | [f] | draw[c]a - kos[f] |
| [r] | [k] | expensive[g]a - kim[k] |
| [e] | [t] | boro[d]a - boro[t]ka |
| [w] | [w] | bla[w]it - blah[w] |
| [h] | [c] | moro[s]ny - moro[s] |
paired consonants muaj nyob ntawm no. Lub rooj kuj muaj cov piv txwv uas qhia txog kev sau ntawv "Tshuaj consonants ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lo lus."
txoj cai Spelling for paired consonants
Nyob hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hais lus, cov suab sib txuas tuaj yeem hloov pauv. Tab sis cov txheej txheem no tsis cuam tshuam rau hauv tsab ntawv. Qhov ntawd yog, cov ntawv tsis hloov, txawm hais tias peb hnov qhov twg hauv lawv qhov chaw. Yog li nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus lub ntsiab lus ntawm uniformity ntawm morphemes twb paub lawm. Kev sau cov ntawv ua khub yog ua raws li txoj cai no.
Txoj cai tuaj yeem teev nyob rau hauv kab lus hauv qab no:
- lub hauv paus ntawm lo lus yeej ib txwm sau tib yam, vim cov semantics nyob ntawm nws;
- Spelling yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas los ntawm xaiv cov cognates lossis hloov cov ntawv;
- xaiv raws li ib qho kev xeem uas muaj lub suab los yog lub suab nrov (r, l, m, n, d) tom qab tus lej tsis txaus ntseeg.
Qhov no tuaj yeem pom hauv cov piv txwv los ntawm lub rooj: kev sau cov cim yog qhov kawg ntawm cov lus, lossis ua ntej lwm tusua ke suab. Hauv cov lus xeem, lawv yog ua ntej cov vowels lossis ua ntej lub xov tooj tsis sib xws.
Thov txoj cai
Kev sau tus lej ntawm tus lej yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav. Koj yuav tsum pib nrog kev tsim ntawm lub peev xwm los saib cov kev kawm spelling. Qhov no yuav yog qhov kawg ntawm ib lo lus lossis ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm cov consonants, thaum lub suab pib cuam tshuam lub suab ntawm ib leeg - tus tom ntej no hloov qhov zoo ntawm kev hais lus ntawm tus qub.
| Spellings - paired consonants | |
| kawg ntawm ib lo lus | hauv consonants |
|
|
Tom ntej no, peb xyaum kev xaiv cov lus xeem.
| Nouns and adjectives change by tooj, case, verbs by persons and numbers | Siv cov lus kawg, tsim lwm qhov ntawm kev hais lus |
|
|
Thaum peb paub tias ob tus lej yog dab tsi, nws yuav tsis yooj yim los xaus qhov kev xaiv xaiv:
- bo[n] - taum - taum;
- bro[t] - ford - ford;
- bro[f'] - pob muag - plaub muag;
- nail[t'] - ntsia - ntsia;
- garden[t] - chav ua noj - zaub vaj;
- draw[w] - tshee - tshee;
- polo[s]ka - striped - striped;
- ko[z']ba - mow - mowing;
- re[z ']ba - txiav - carving;
- goro[d']ba - laj kab - gorodba;
- cro[in '] - ntshav - ntshav;
- stra[w] - guard - guard.
paired consonants. Piv txwv ntawm lo lus sib txawv
Kev lag ntseg thiab kev hais lus muaj peev xwm paub qhov txawv ntawm cov lus los ntawm lub ntsiab lus. Piv txwv li:
- (kub) tuab - (saum tus dej) hav txwv yeem;
- (telegraph) ncej - (Alexandrian) ncej;
- bark (oak) - (siab) roob;
- (tsis txaus ntseeg) tshav kub - (nto) ntawm pob;
- (bouquet) ntawm roses - (tub) loj hlob;
- (new) tsev - (tuab) ntim.
Hauv cov haujlwm tsis muaj zog, qhov kawg ntawm cov lus, piv txwv li, xws li hauv cov piv txwv ntawm "roses" thiab "rose", yuav tsum tau kos kom tsis txhob muaj kev tsis meej pem. Paired consonants nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab xav tau ib tug attentive cwj pwm.
Test ntawm lub ncauj lus kawm
1. Dab tsi yog ob tug consonant? _
2. Ua kom tiav cov kab lus:
txhawm rau txheeb xyuas tus lej sib tw, koj xav tau _
3. Qhia meej cov lus uas yuav tsum tau kuaj:
Dive..ka,underwater..ny, gl..cue, hnav..ny, nees..ka, ceev faj..ny, ua noj..it, doo..ki, lwm yam..ny.
4. Sau cov suab nyob rau hauv square brackets:
grass[..]ka, rye[..]ka, zu[..]ki, arbu[..], lo[..]ka, short[..]ka, ko[..]ty.
5. Kos hauv qab lo lus kos:
Nkauj-Ntxhais-Ntxhais-Ntxhais-Ntxhais-Ntxhais-Ntxhais-Ntxhais-Ntxhais-Ntxhais-Tsev-Tsev-Lub taub hau-Lub taub hau, ncuav qab zib-Pies, ditch-groove, birch-birch, ob lub qhov muag-pom, stripe- stripes, notebook-notebook, spikelet-spikelets, dhia- jumps
6. W los yog W?
Sapo…ki, doro…ki, boom…ki, cro…ki, ro…ki, poro..ki, bara…ki, lo…ki, game…ki, cha…ki, pw…ki.
7. Sau cov lus xeem thiab sau cov ntawv tsis yog cov dots:
- gu…ki (_);
- fla…ki (_);
- grim… (_);
- ch… (_);
- jump…ki (_);
- lo…ka (_);
- horse…b (_);
- zu.. (_).
8. Xaiv qhov kev xaiv kom raug:
Sha(p/b)ka, provo(d/t), kru(g/k), povia(s/z)ka, me(d/t), su(d/t), sla (d/t) cue, oshi (b/n) ka, doba (v/f) ka, uka (s/s) ka.
9. Ntxig cov ntawv hauv cov ntawv:
Swan…b - tus huab tais ntawm txhua tus dej. Nws, zoo li npau suav …, yog dawb, graceful, nws muaj ci ntsa iab ob lub qhov muag … ki, dub lac … ki thiab ib tug ntev, booming caj dab. Zoo nkauj npaum li cas nws ntab saum lub pas dej!
10. Kho kab mob:
- Kuv nyiam nyeem cov dab neeg.
- How qab zib strawberries!
- Carrots sown on the bed.
- Hip birch flutters petals in the wind.
- Lub tais ntab raupas dej.
- Berek maj mam nce.
- Storosh tsis tsaug zog.
- Ib tug npau suav nrov nrov hauv vaj.
- Yos rustling in the bushes.
teb
1. Dab tsi yog ob tug consonant? Ib tug consonant uas muaj ib khub lag ntseg los yog sonority.
2. Ua kom tiav cov kab lus:
txhawm rau txheeb xyuas tus lej sib tw, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov lus xeem.
3. Qhia meej cov lus uas yuav tsum tau kuaj:
lwm..ny.
4. Sau cov suab nyob rau hauv square brackets:
grass[V]ka, lo[D]ka, zu[B]ki, arbu[Z], lo[D]ka, short[B]ka, ko[G]ti.
5. Kos hauv qab lo lus kos:
Nkauj-Ntxhais-Ntxhais-Ntxhais-Ntxhais-Ntxhais-Ntxhais-Ntxhais-Ntxhais-Ntxhais-Tsev-Tsev-Lub taub hau-Lub taub hau, ncuav qab zib-Pies, ditch-groove, birch-birch, ob lub qhov muag-pom, stripe- stripes, notebook-notebook, spikelet-spikelets, dhia- jumps
6. W los yog W?
khau, lem, daim ntawv, crumbs, horns, hmoov, yaj, diav, khoom ua si, khob, qav.
7. Sau cov lus xeem thiab sau cov ntawv tsis yog cov dots:
- beep (beep);
- chij (checkbox);
- eye (qhov muag);
- dhia (dhia);
- boat (nkoj);
- nees (nees);
- tooth (teeth).
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij phooj ywg sawv daws.
8. Xaiv qhov kev xaiv kom raug:
9. Ntxig cov ntawv hauv cov ntawv:
Swan yog tus huab tais ntawm txhua tus noog. Nws zoo li daus, dawb, zoo nkauj, nws muaj qhov muag ci, dubpaws thiab lub caj dab ntev hloov tau. Zoo nkauj npaum li cas nws ntab saum lub pas dej!
10. Kho kab mob:
- Kuv nyiam nyeem cov dab neeg.
- How qab zib strawberries!
- Carrots tau cog rau hauv txaj.
- Nyiam birch flutters nws petals nyob rau hauv cua.
- Lub nkoj tab tom caij nkoj.
- ntug dej maj mam nce.
- Tus saib tsis tsaug zog.
- Yips nrov nrov nyob rau hauv lub tshav puam ntawm tus mongrel Zhka.
- Hedgehog rustling in the bushes.
