Mstislav Keldysh: biography, tsev neeg, duab

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Mstislav Keldysh: biography, tsev neeg, duab
Mstislav Keldysh: biography, tsev neeg, duab
Anonim

Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich (national - Lavxias teb sab) yog ib tug kws tshawb fawb Soviet hauv kev ua lej thiab tshuab, kws tshaj lij thiab tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm USSR Academy of Sciences. Ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv qhov kev pab cuam hauv tebchaws Soviet.

Txiv tus txiv txawj ntse

Keldysh txiv, Vsevolod Mikhailovich, yog tub rog civil engineer uas kawm tiav los ntawm Riga Polytechnic Institute. Nyob ntawd nws tau sib yuav Maria Alexandrovna Skvortsova, uas tau mob siab rau nws tus kheej los yug menyuam. Nws txiv yog ib tug tub rog loj, los ntawm cov nom tswv. Vsevolod Mikhailovich txiv yog ib tug tub rog kws kho mob nrog rau qeb ntawm general, kuj los ntawm cov nom tswv. Keldysh yeej ib txwm txaus siab rau nws lub neej yug los, uas tsim teeb meem rau nws nyob rau hauv ib tug communist lub teb chaws. Vim qhov xwm ntawm Vsevolod Mikhailovich txoj haujlwm, tsev neeg tau mus rau ntau lub nroog. Nws tau qhuab qhia ntawm lub koom haum technical thiab koom nrog hauv kev tsim thiab kev tsim kho ntawm Moscow Metro thiab Moscow-Volga Canal.

Mstislav Keldysh
Mstislav Keldysh

Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich: biography

Keldysh Mstislav yog ib tug ntawm xya tus menyuam. Lawv niam tau qhia lawv cov lus German thiab Fab Kis, thiab tseem txhawb nqa kev hlub nkauj. Nws tus viv ncaus Lyudmila tau los ua ib tus kws lej nto moo, thiab nws tus tij laug Yuri tau los ua tus kws suab paj nruag.

KeldyshMstislav Vsevolodovich, uas nws tsev neeg tsiv mus rau Riga nyob rau hauv 1909, qhov twg nws txiv qhia nyob rau hauv lub Polytechnic lub koom haum, yug nyob rau hauv 1911-10-02. Xyoo 1915, cov tub rog German tau tawm tsam Latvia thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Riga Polytechnic lub koom haum tau khiav tawm mus rau Moscow. Ntawm no tsev neeg tau ntsib kev nyuaj siab thaum nyob sab nraum nroog tau ntau xyoo, tab sis cov niam txiv nyiam cov suab paj nruag classic thiab feem ntau tuaj koom concerts hauv nroog. Cov menyuam yaus nco qab txog ib hnub thaum xyoo 1917 thaum lawv niam tau pub tag nrho tsev neeg nrog cov dos kib, vim tsis muaj lwm yam zaub mov. Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1918, tsev neeg tau tsiv mus rau Ivanovo-Voznesensk, raws li nws txiv pib qhia hauv lub koom haum, uas lub koom haum Riga Polytechnic tau txuas nrog.

Biography ntawm Mstislav Keldysh
Biography ntawm Mstislav Keldysh

Kawm hauv Moscow

Xyoo 1923, tsev neeg tau tsiv mus rau Moscow, thiab Mstislav, uas muaj 12 xyoos, tau mus kawm ntawv qib 7 hauv Krivoarbatsky Lane. Tus tub, uas zoo li ib tug gypsy nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag thiab tus cwj pwm, yog ruam thiab ruam.

Keldysh txaus siab rau nws lub hauv paus loj, txawm tias nws yuav yooj yim dua rau nws yog tias nws zais nws. Nws ib txwm nkag mus rau qhov kev nkag mus rau "kev coj noj coj ua - nom tswv" hauv cov ntaub ntawv raug cai, yog li xyoo 1927 nws raug txwv tsis pub nkag mus rau Lub Tsev Haujlwm ntawm Civil Engineers.

Tus muam Lyudmila, tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm nws txiv, uas pom ib tug engineer nyob rau hauv nws tus tub, ntxias nws mus kawm lej. Mstislav nkag mus rau Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Physics thiab lej ntawm Moscow State University thiab kawm tiav rau lub Xya hli ntuj 24, 1931. Raws li kev pom zoo ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv Keldysh Lavrentiev, tus txawj ntse kawm tiav tau raug xa mus rau Central Aerohydrodynamic.lub koom haum.

Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich thaum yau Story ntxiv Untold Biography Tseeb
Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich thaum yau Story ntxiv Untold Biography Tseeb

Work at TsAGI

TsAGI tsim cov xwm txheej zoo rau kev tshawb fawb. Ntawm no Keldysh ntsib Leonid Sedov, uas nws tau tsim kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev phooj ywg, uas cuam tshuam rau txoj hmoo ntxiv ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb.

Xyoo 1934–37 tau luam tawm cov ntawv xov xwm ntawm aerohydromechanics, tus sau uas yog Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich. Kev loj hlob ntawm ib tus kws paub txog txuj ci tau pib nrog kev daws teeb meem ntawm ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem aviation ntawm lub sijhawm - tam sim ntawd muaj zog vibrations uas tuaj yeem rhuav tshem lub dav hlau. Nws txoj haujlwm theoretical tau pab daws qhov teeb meem no. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau tshawb fawb rau nws tus kws kho mob cov lus qhia txog kev siv cov koob ntawm cov npe los sawv cev rau kev sib haum xeeb thiab kev sib txawv, uas nws tau tiv thaiv hauv 1938

Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich: tsev neeg thiab nws cov menyuam

Xyoo 1938, tom qab kev sib tham ntev nrog tus poj niam sib yuav, Keldysh tau sib yuav Stanislav Valeryanovna. Xyoo tom qab, nws tus ntxhais yug los, thiab xyoo 1941, nws tus tub Peter. Tus tub kawm tiav los ntawm Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Mechanics thiab lej, thiab tus ntxhais tom qab ntawd ua haujlwm ntawm Keldysh Tsev khaws puav pheej.

Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich kev loj hlob
Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich kev loj hlob

Tus kws tshaj lij lej

Keldysh txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev tshawb fawb thiab feem ntau koom tes nrog nws tus kws qhia qub Mikhail Lavrentiev. Ib lub ntsiab lus uas nws xav tau yog qhov teeb meem Dirichlet.

Mstislav Keldysh yog ib tug txawj lej lej thiab hauv txoj kev xav ntawm kev sib npaug sib txawv. Nws tau ua ib qho txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb rau kev thovceg ntawm aerodynamics. Nws yog tsoomfwv tus kws tshaj lij theoretical adviser thiab tus tsim lub dav hlau propulsion thiab chaw suav hauv xyoo 1940 thiab 1960s.

Qhov teeb meem ntawm lub dav hlau vibration tsuas yog ib qho ntawm thawj qhov teeb meem nws tau ua haujlwm. Qhov teeb meem thib ob cuam tshuam nrog nws yog qhov co uas feem ntau tshwm sim hauv pem hauv ntej tsaws iav ntawm lub dav hlau thaum tsaws. Ntawm no cov kev paub dhau los hauv kev daws teeb meem kev vibration tuaj yeem ua ke, thiab nws txoj kev daws teeb meem rau cov teeb meem shimmy, nrog rau cov lus qhia ntxaws ntxaws rau engineers yuav kho li cas, tau piav qhia hauv 1945 daim ntawv. Thaum nws ua haujlwm ntawm Zhukovsky TsAGI, nws tsis tau tawm ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Lej, mus rau Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm los ntawm nws lub hauv paus hauv lub Plaub Hlis 1944 txog 1953

Piv txwv ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm lub sijhawm no, uas nws tau ua nyob rau hauv Steklov lub koom haum: "Ntawm lub ntsiab lus square approximations los ntawm polynomials ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv" (1945), "Nyob rau kev cuam tshuam ntawm tag nrho cov haujlwm" (1947). Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias txawm hais tias cov haujlwm no cuam tshuam txog kev ua lej paub daws teeb meem, Keldysh qhov kev txaus siab rau cov teeb meem no tshwm sim vim yog cov tswv yim uas tshwm sim thaum daws teeb meem siv lej.

Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich haiv neeg
Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich haiv neeg

Chaw thiab riam phom nuclear

Tom qab Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, Mstislav Keldysh tau nce ntxiv hauv kev tswj hwm cov haujlwm tshawb fawb tseem ceeb uas tau ua tiav hauv USSR. Xyoo 1946, nws tawm TsAGI los ua tus thawj coj ntawm Jet Research Institute, ib txoj haujlwm nws tuav tau cuaj xyoo.

Nws yog tus lwm thawj ntawm USSR Academy of Sciences xyoo 1961-62 thiab nws tus thawj tswj hwm xyoo 1962-75. Nyob ntawmua kev zoo siab rau nws hnub yug 60 xyoo hauv xyoo 1971, nws hais tias nws khuv xim qhov kawg ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsom mus rau kev tswj hwm thiab kev tswj hwm. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov riam phom nuclear ntawm Soviet, nrog rau kev tshawb fawb qhov chaw. Piv txwv li, nws yog ib tug ntawm peb tus kws tshawb fawb uas tau tshaj tawm txoj haujlwm Soviet space satellite program hauv xyoo 1954, thiab xyoo 1955 nws tau los ua tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm pawg thawj coj saib xyuas txoj haujlwm. Thawj qhov kev ua tiav ntawm lub satellite hauv xyoo 1957 tau cim qhov pib ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb qhov chaw hnyav, thiab Keldysh tau koom nrog qhov no los ntawm ntau lub koom haum sib txawv, xws li Applied Mathematics Department nws tau ua.

Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich tsev neeg
Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich tsev neeg

Ua haujlwm ntawm Academy of Sciences

Nyob rau xyoo 1959, Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb tau tsim los, coj los ntawm Mstislav Keldysh.

Cov ntawv keeb kwm ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb tau cim los ntawm nws txoj haujlwm ua tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm USSR Academy of Sciences, qhov uas nws tau tswj hwm kev hloov pauv loj. Tshwj xeeb, CPSU tsis lees paub cov noob caj noob ces vim nws tsis haum nrog nws txoj kev xav, thiab hloov pauv kev txhawb nqa kev nom kev tswv tab sis kev tawm tsam kev tshawb fawb ntawm Trofim Lysenko. Xyoo 1964, thaum nws cov npoj yaig Nikolai Nuzhdin tau thov ua tus tswv cuab tag nrho ntawm Academy, Andrei Sakharov, tus kws tshawb fawb txog riam phom nuclear, tau hais tawm tsam nws. Cov neeg sib tw tau raug tsis lees paub, thiab Keldysh tau pab tsim cov xwm txheej rau kev txhim kho kev tshawb fawb yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm nom tswv, uas yog qhov nyuaj heev hauv kev nom kev tswv uas muaj nyob hauv USSR lub sijhawm ntawd.

B1975 Mstislav Keldysh tawm los ua tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Academy rau kev noj qab haus huv. Nws tau tawm tswv yim tias qhov no yog ib feem ntawm kev ua haujlwm dhau los, ib feem yog vim muaj kev ntxhov siab los ntawm qhov nyuaj ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov tswv yim hauv qhov xwm txheej uas kev tshawb fawb tau siv los ua cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb ntawm kev tawm tsam nom tswv. Keldysh tuag rau 06/24/78 thiab raug faus nrog kev hwm nyob rau hauv lub necropolis ze ntawm phab ntsa Kremlin.

Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich tsev neeg thiab nws cov me nyuam
Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich tsev neeg thiab nws cov me nyuam

Government Awards

Keldysh tau txais ntau yam khoom plig hauv nws lub tebchaws thiab txawv teb chaws. Nws tau txais khoom plig lub Xeev (1942) thiab Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Lub Cim Liab Liab ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm (1943) rau nws txoj haujlwm ntawm kev co hauv lub dav hlau. Xyoo 1946, nws tau txais khoom plig rau lwm lub Xeev rau nws txoj haujlwm ntawm shimmy.

Xyoo 1943 nws tau raug xaiv los ua tus tswv cuab ntawm Academy of Sciences thiab ib tus kws qhia ntawv puv peb xyoos tom qab. Xyoo 1956, nws tau txais lub npe ntawm Hero of Socialist Labor rau kev daws teeb meem kev tiv thaiv thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig Lenin xyoo tom ntej. Nyob rau hauv 1961, nws rov los ua ib tug Hero ntawm Socialist Labor, lub sij hawm no rau nws ua hauj lwm ntawm foob pob ua ntxaij thiab Vostok, lub ntiaj teb no thawj manned spacecraft, nqa Yuri Gagarin. Rau lub sij hawm nws tau txais qhov Order of Lenin thiab ob peb zaug nrog medals.

Kev lees paub thoob ntiaj teb

Keldysh yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm ntau qhov kev kawm: Mongolian (1961), Polish (1962), Czech (1962), Romanian (1965), German (1966), Bulgarian (1966), Hungarian (1970) Academies of Sciences, American Academy Arts thiab Sciences (1966) thiab tau raug xaiv los ua Tus Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm Royal SocietyEdinburgh nyob rau 1 Lub Xya Hli 1968. Nws kuj tau txais tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb los ntawm University of Warsaw.

Thaum kawg, nws tau raug xaiv los ua Pawg Neeg Nruab Nrab ntawm CPSU (1961) thiab tus thawj coj ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj ntawm Tebchaws Meskas (1962). Tsis tas li ntawd, lub lunar crater thiab ib lub ntiaj teb me pom nyob rau xyoo 1973 tau muab npe rau nws.

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