Hippocrates: biography thiab pab txhawb rau kev tshawb fawb ntawm biology

Cov txheej txheem:

Hippocrates: biography thiab pab txhawb rau kev tshawb fawb ntawm biology
Hippocrates: biography thiab pab txhawb rau kev tshawb fawb ntawm biology
Anonim

Tus kws kho mob Greek thaum ub Hippocrates, uas nws phau ntawv keeb kwm tau muab hauv qab no, tau tso cov cim pom hauv keeb kwm ntawm cov tshuaj. Thaj, nws lub koob meej tseem ceeb txawm tias thaum nws lub neej, txog 2.5 txhiab xyoo dhau los. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv tseeb txog Hippocrates. Thawj phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm tus kws kho mob Greek thaum ub tau sau ntau pua xyoo tom qab nws tuag. Nws tseem tsis tau paub txog tej yam uas tej hauj lwm ntawm cov uas tau los rau peb tau sau los ntawm Hippocrates. Txawm li cas los xij, nws qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho cov tshuaj yog qhov nyuaj rau overestimate.

hippocrates biography
hippocrates biography

Tus kws kho mob hauv caug kaum xya

Tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia meej txog qhov chaw uas Hippocrates yug. Ib phau ntawv keeb kwm sau los ntawm Soranus ntawm Ephesus 600 xyoo tom qab tus kws kho mob tuag taw qhia rau cov kob ntawm Kos. Nco ntsoov tias Hippocrates yug nyob ib ncig ntawm 460 BC. e. Ntau cov ntaub ntawv muab los ntawm Soran qhia meej tias tus sau tau sivtus kheej fantasy. Niaj hnub no nws yog qhov tseeb tias Hippocrates tuaj ntawm ib tsev neeg ntawm kws kho mob. Nws yog ib tug xeeb ntxwv nyob rau hauv kaum xya pawg neeg ntawm lub Great Asclepius. Leej txiv ntawm tus kws kho mob yog Heraclid, nws tsev neeg tau nqis los ntawm Hercules nws tus kheej.

Feem ntau hauv cov ntawv nyeem koj tuaj yeem pom lub npe "Hippocrates II". Qhov ntawd yog lub npe ntawm tus kws kho mob, txij li Hippocrates kuv yog nws yawg, uas ua ke nrog nws txiv qhia cov tub hluas cov tshuaj. Tawm hauv nws lub tsev ntawm Kos, nws tau txais kev paub ntau hauv Knida. Ntawm cov xib hwb ntawm Hippocrates yog Herodicus thiab Gorgias sophist.

Tus kws kho mob

plaub temperaments ntawm hippocrates
plaub temperaments ntawm hippocrates

Hippocrates tsis tau zaum tseem tos cov neeg mob. Nws txhim kho nws txoj kev paub thiab kev txawj ntse, txav ntawm lub nroog mus rau lub nroog. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm xws wanderings, lub yeeb koob ntawm tus zoo kho mob tau tsim. Qee qhov chaw Greek thaum ub hais tias Hippocrates tau tawm ntawm cov kob ntawm Kos, vim tias muaj nws raug liam tias tua hluav taws. Tam sim no nws tsis tuaj yeem lees paub cov ntaub ntawv no. Cov pov thawj tsis ncaj ntawm tus kws kho mob txoj kev taug kev yog qhov chaw hauv kev kho mob "Kev Kab Mob Sib Kis" uas yog vim Hippocrates tshwm sim sab nraum nws cov kob ntawm Kos, ntawm Thasos thiab hauv nroog Abder.

kwv yees qhov chaw thiab lub sijhawm tuag

Tus kws kho mob Greek thaum ub Hippocrates, raws li tau hais hauv ntau qhov chaw, tau ua neej nyob ntev txawm tias los ntawm cov qauv niaj hnub no. Cov kws sau keeb kwm tsis pom zoo txog lub hnub nyoog uas nws tuag. Cov naj npawb 83, 90 thiab 104 yog hu ua tej zaum lub hnub nyoog zoo li no yog pov thawj ntawm cov txuj ci uas Hippocrates nto moo rau. Nws biography feem ntau xaus nrog ib qho kev qhia,tias xyoo tas los tus kws kho mob tau siv nyob rau hauv lub nroog Larris. Nws tuag nyob ntawd, xav tias yog tib lub xyoo uas yog Democritus (kwv yees li 370 BC).

Hippocrates: kev koom tes rau biology thiab tshuaj

Tus kws kho mob Greek thaum ub Hippocrates
Tus kws kho mob Greek thaum ub Hippocrates

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm, xya tus kws kho mob hu ua Hippocrates nyob hauv tebchaws Greece thaum ub sib txawv. Niaj hnub no nws yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb qhov twg ntawm cov ciaj sia ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj belongs rau ib lossis lwm tus ntawm lawv. Nyob rau lub sijhawm nyob deb, nws tsis yog ib txwm ua kom kos npe rau hauv cov ntawv cog lus tshawb fawb. Cov hauj lwm nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj hauv Antiquity yog hu ua Hippocratic Corpus, txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yog ib tsab xov xwm los ntawm ib tus kws sau ntawv, tab sis sau los ntawm ntau tus kws kho mob. Nws tau muab tso ua ke nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 3rd. BC e. hauv Alexandria. Cov ntawv sau tau ua ke 72 cov ntawv kho mob sau ua lus Ionian ntawm Greek thiab rov qab mus rau 5th-4th centuries. BC e.

Ntawm cov khoom sau no, tsuas yog 4 txoj haujlwm tam sim no raug ntaus nqi rau Hippocrates:

  • "Aphorisms";
  • "kev sib kis";
  • "Kev Tshawb Fawb";
  • "Hais txog huab cua, dej, chaw."

Thawj ntawm lawv yog tib tus uas nws cov ntawv sau nrog qhov tseeb zoo yog Hippocrates. "Aphorisms" yog ib phau ntawm cov lus qhia thiab kev soj ntsuam, tejzaum nws muab los ntawm lwm yam haujlwm. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom cov lus hais txog kev xav dav dav thiab cov ntaub ntawv kho mob raug.

hippocrates pab txhawb rau biology
hippocrates pab txhawb rau biology

"Kev Ntsuas" cim qhov pib ntawm kev kuaj mob. Txoj haujlwm nthuav qhia cov hauv paus ntawm kev kho Greek thaum ub. Hippocrates, ibbiology thiab tshuaj, uas tau tso ib qho kev ceeb toom, yog thawj zaug piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas tus neeg mob thiab saib xyuas nws, cov kev xaiv rau kev txhim kho ntawm ntau yam mob, lawv cov cim qhia thiab kev kho mob.

Hippocrates muab cov lus piav qhia ntxaws ntxiv ntawm cov kab mob uas paub txog lub sijhawm ntawd hauv Kab Mob Sib Kis. Ntawm 42 cov kab mob suav nrog hauv kev kho mob yog cov kab mob venereal, mob khaub thuas thiab kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij, nrog rau ntau yam tuag tes tuag taw, noj, thiab lwm yam.

Plaub Lub Siab ntawm Hippocrates

Treatise "Hais txog huab cua, dej, thaj chaw" thawj zaug hauv keeb kwm piav qhia txog kev cuam tshuam ntawm ib puag ncig ntawm kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev xav ntawm qee tus neeg rau cov kab mob tshwj xeeb. Qhov haujlwm no qhia txog cov lus qhia ntawm Hippocrates ntawm plaub lub cev kua txiv: kua tsib, mucus, kua tsib dub thiab ntshav. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv ua rau qee yam kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv lub cev, ib qho kev xav rau qee yam kab mob. Nyob rau nruab nrab hnub nyoog, raws li txoj kev xav no, muaj ib lub tswv yim ntawm plaub temperaments:

  • sanguine (ntshav predominates);
  • phlegmatic (mucus);
  • choleric (bile);
  • melancholic (dub bile).

Txoj kev xav no feem ntau yog los ntawm Hippocrates nws tus kheej, uas tsis muaj tseeb. Tus kws kho mob tau faib tib neeg tsis yog raws li lawv tus cwj pwm, tab sis raws li lawv qhov kev mob siab rau.

Hippocrates, uas nws phau ntawv keeb kwm tau muab rau hauv tsab xov xwm, tau tsim lub hauv paus rau kev tshawb fawb txog kev kho mob. Nws lub npe yog sib npaug nrog cov Greeks: Aristotle, Socrates, Democritus thiab Pericles.

Pom zoo: