daim ntawv Litmus yog tshuaj kho nrog litmus infusion
paper. Nws yog siv los txiav txim siab qib ntawm acidity lossis alkalinity ntawm nruab nrab. Ua ntej daim ntawv tau impregnated nrog litmus, nws tau muab cais ua ib qho qhia thiab ua tshuaj reagent. Litmus yog thawj zaug siv los ua qhov taw qhia los ntawm Spanish alchemist Arnaldo de Vilanova nyob ib ncig ntawm 1300. Cov tshuaj no yog lub hauv paus chiv keeb, nws tau los ntawm lichens.
daim ntawv Litmus yog qhov ntsuas kua qaub-puag uas hloov xim liab hauv ib puag ncig acidic thiab xiav hauv ib puag ncig alkaline. Nyob ntawm cov xim siv, siv cov nplai tshwj xeeb, txiav txim siab pH ntawm qhov nruab nrab. Hydrogen index los yog pH yog ib qho kev ntsuas ntau rau kev txiav txim siab qhov sib piv ntawm H + thiab OH- ions hauv dej, uas tau tsim thaum lub sij hawm dissociation ntawm dej. Ntawm chav tsev kub hauv qhov nruab nrab pH=7, hauv acidic pH 7.
daim ntawv Litmus yog siv rau hauv kev xyaum hauv txoj kev yooj yim: koj yuav tsum coj nws rau ib qho
kawg thiab txo qis rau lwm qhov rau hauv cov kua nruab nrab. Tsis tas yuav ua kom tob tob hauv daim ntawv rau hauv cov kua. Cov txiaj ntsig tshwm sim tam sim ntawd: ntug qis qis rau hauv nruab nrab yog hloov nws cov xim los yog tsis. Tom qab ntawd daim ntawv no yog muab piv nrog rau cov qauv tseem ceeb, uas yog cim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug scale ntawm lub raj los yog pob nyob rau hauv uas qhov taw qhia nyob rau hauv. Litmus ntawv yog suav hais tias yog ib tug universal qhia, vim hais tias. Nrog nws, koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qib ntawm acidity thiab alkalinity ntawm ib puag ncig.
qhov ntsuas no tuaj yeem ua hauv tsev, thaum siv nyiaj tsawg kawg nkaus thiab sijhawm. Ua li no, koj xav tau liab, xiav los yog liab doog zaub qhwv, lim ntawv lossis ntawv dawb dawb. Cabbage yuav tsum tau grated on ib tug nplua grater, boil rau 30-35 feeb, thiab ces maj mam strain thiab nyem. Lub cabbage nws tus kheej yuav tsis xav tau yav tom ntej, thiab nyob rau hauv lub resulting broth koj yuav tsum tau muab strips txiav los ntawm daim ntawv. Tom qab daim ntawv yog tsau, tshem tawm thiab qhuav nws. Khaws cov ntawv no rau hauv lub thawv qhuav, kom deb ntawm tshav ntuj. Thaum siv cov ntsuas ntsuas hauv tsev, nws yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account tias nws muab qhov ntsuas qhov yuam kev me ntsis ntau dua li lub Hoobkas.
Litmus xeem ua tsaug rau kev yooj yim ntawm kev siv thiab ntau yam hauv
nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm pH tau pom dav siv tsis yog thaum lub sijhawm sim tshuaj lom neeg hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab chaw kuaj mob, tab sis kuj tseem nyob hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Yog li, txhua tus neeg tuaj yeem yooj yim, siv daim ntawv litmus, txiav txim siab pH ntawm cov kua roj ntsha, cov kev daws teeb meem, cov khoom sib xyaw - qaub ncaug, zis, mis nyuj, dej, xab npum, thiab lwm yam. pH-biological tsisCov kua dej yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tus kheej hauv qee yam kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, daim ntawv litmus tau nquag siv los ntawm cov neeg cog paj hauv tsev los txiav txim siab qib acidity thiab alkalinity ntawm cov av. Koj tuaj yeem siv nws los txiav txim siab pH ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce, tshwj xeeb yog siv rau kev tu tawv nqaij, vim. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws lawv yuav tsum nyob nruab nrab.
