Lub tuam tsev flowering yog ib chav loj ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas tsim tshwj xeeb luv luv hloov tua - paj hauv chav kawm ntawm lawv lub neej. Tsis zoo li cov kab mob vegetative (cov hauv paus, nplooj thiab tua), lawv, ua ke nrog cov noob thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo, ua cov haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav saib ntau lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, suav nrog cov qauv ntawm lub paj thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm nws qhov tseem ceeb. Peb yuav tham txog dab tsi paj yog, lawv faib li cas thiab lawv txawv ntawm ib leeg.
Biology: paj. Cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lawv qia ntu
Nyob hauv qhov xwm txheej, muaj ntau yam paj uas txawv ntawm ib leeg hauv cov qauv, xim thiab loj. Txhua tus ntawm lawv zoo nkauj nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej txoj kev. Biologists xav txog lub paj raws li ib tug complex lub cev tsim nyog rau kev loj hlob ntawm noob. Feem ntau, nwsmuaj peb ntu:
- qia (receptacle, pedicel);
- leafy (petals, sepals);
- generative (pistil(s), stamens).
paj txuas rau saum cov tua nrog kev pab ntawm pedicel - tshwj xeeb elongated organoid, txuas ntxiv ntawm qia.
Hauv cov paj ntawm qee cov nroj tsuag, piv txwv li, paj noob hlis, pob kws, verbena, plantain, clover, pedicels yuav luag tsis pom vim lawv lub zog luv. Nyob rau hauv lub pob ntawm lub receptacle - lub sab sauv, dav ib feem ntawm lub pedicel - muaj calyx, stamens, corolla thiab pistils (ib los yog ntau tshaj). Lub receptacle tuaj yeem muaj ntau qhov sib txawv thiab muaj ntau yam duab - convex (raspberry), tiaj (chamomile), concave (rosehip, noog cherry) lossis elongated (gravilate).
paj nplooj
Lub calyx yog ib qho khoom nruab nrog ntawm cov nplooj hloov pauv (sepals). Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog tiv thaiv sab hauv ntawm lub paj kom txog thaum lub paj qhib. Lub calyx tuaj yeem faib ua ke (yog tias cov sepals tau sib cais los ntawm ib leeg) lossis sympetifolous (yog tias lawv fused). Lub corolla yog qhov ci tshaj plaws, pom feem ntau ntawm cov paj. Nws muaj cov paj ntoo, uas nyob rau hauv paj ntawm cov nroj tsuag sib txawv tuaj yeem sib txawv heev hauv cov duab (tubular, tswb-puab, log-shaped, funnel-puab, thiab lwm yam) thiab xim. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm corolla yog los tiv thaiv cov kab tsuag thiab stamens los ntawm qhov tsis zoo ib puag ncig thiab nyiam cov kab pollinating kab. Whisk thiablub calyx yog tsim los ntawm integument ntawm paj, uas yog hu ua perianth. Nws tuaj yeem ua tau yooj yim, muaj xws li cov nplooj ntawv dawb los yog fused, los yog complex, kom meej meej sib txawv rau hauv ib lub corolla thiab calyx, uas txawv ntawm ib qho loj thiab xim. Ib qho yooj yim perianth pom nyob rau hauv lily ntawm lub hav thiab ib tug tulip, thiab ib tug complex perianth yog pom nyob rau hauv ib tug tswb, carnation, petunia thiab cherry. Muaj paj kiag li tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus hais, lawv hu ua liab qab (willow, tshauv). Tam sim no koj paub dab tsi paj yog nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov qauv ntawm corolla thiab calyx. Tom ntej no, peb yuav tham txog lub cev xeeb tub ntawm lub paj.
Nco txog lub paj
Stamens thiab pistils yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub paj. Lawv nyob ntawm nws qhov chaw. Cov stamens tau teem rau hauv ib los yog ntau lub voj voog nyob ze ntawm sab hauv ntawm lub perianth thiab muaj ib qho filament thiab anther, uas paj ntoos yog tsim. Pistil muaj 3 qhov chaw: style, stigma thiab zes qe menyuam. Cov tom kawg muaj cov ovules, uas cov noob tshwm tom qab fertilization. Feem ntau cov nroj tsuag muaj ib tug pistil thiab ob peb stamens - los ntawm peb mus rau ib puas. Lawv hu ua bisexual. Qee lub paj, xws li cannes, tsuas muaj ib lub stamens. Muaj cov nroj tsuag uas muaj stamens lossis pistils. Lawv hu ua tib-poj niam txiv neej - staminate los yog pistillate. Qee cov paj, xws li cornflower thiab sunflower, tsis muaj lub cev txhua. Yog vim li cas lawv thiaj li hu ua asexual. Cov paj no yog dab tsi? Nroj tsuag hom uas ib txhij muajob qho tib si staminate thiab pistillate paj yog hu ua monoecious. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm pab pawg no yog taub dag, ntoo qhib, dib, pob kws. Yog hais tias tus txiv neej thiab poj niam paj nyob rau ntawm cov neeg sib txawv (cov ntawv luam), cov nroj tsuag hu ua dioecious. Piv txwv ntawm cov no yog willow, poplar, hiav txwv buckthorn.
Ntau yam xim
Txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv ntau hom nroj tsuag hloov kho uas ua cov generative functions muaj ib tug zoo xws li cov qauv, outwardly lawv muaj peev xwm sib txawv heev. Lawv qhov ntau thiab tsawg tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm ib millimeter (rau duckweeds) mus rau ib meter inch. Ib qho ntawm feem nthuav cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog lub teb chaws sov rafflesia. Nws muaj paj loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, uas emit ib tug repulsive tsw ntawm rotting nqaij. Lwm cov nroj tsuag, xws li vaj jasmine, qus sawv, lily ntawm lub hav, exude ib tug qab ntxiag aroma. Qhov no ilv, zoo siab tsw yog vim tshwj xeeb yam tseem ceeb roj, uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub hlwb ntawm lub epidermal txheej ntawm petals thiab perianth. Cov paj ntawm ntau cov nroj tsuag tau txais txiaj ntsig nrog kev zoo nkauj tshwj xeeb thiab muab kev zoo siab rau tib neeg. Roses thiab orchids yog cov paj zoo nkauj tshaj plaws.
Petal coloring
Cia peb saib seb paj yog xim dab tsi. Qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm lawv cov petals yog txiav txim siab tsis tsuas yog los ntawm chromoplasts, tab sis kuj los ntawm cov xim tshwj xeeb - pigments ntawm cell SAP. Piv txwv li, anthocyanin txiav txim siab xim liab, liab, xiav lossis ntshav liab ntawm corolla, anthofein - xim av, carotenoids - daj, liab thiab txiv kab ntxwv, thiab lwm yam. Interestingly, cov xim ntawm cov paj tuaj yeem hloov pauv.thaum nruab hnub - nyob ntawm qhov acidity ntawm cell sap. Piv txwv li, cov paj ntawm Victoria amazonica cov nroj tsuag hloov xim los ntawm cov daus dawb mus rau paj yeeb thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau liab.
Cov xim dawb ntawm cov paj (piv txwv li, hauv cherry, dej lily, txiv apples). tsis muaj pigments thiab reflection ntawm lub teeb rays. Puas muaj paj dub? Tsis yog, cov paj tsis muaj cov xim zoo li no. Cov xim tsaus yog nplua nuj tsaus liab doog lossis sib sib zog nqus maroon hues.
Kwv yees li ib nrab lab ntau hom ntawm hav zoov thiab cov nroj tsuag teb tau paub. Tab sis tsuas yog 290 ntawm lawv tau piav qhia thiab muab lawv lub npe. Txij li thaum ancient sij hawm, paj qus (daim duab qhia tau hais tias lawv muaj ntau haiv neeg) tau siv los ua tshuaj. Thiab tsis muaj qhov xav tsis thoob, vim tias ntau ntawm lawv muaj cov cuab yeej kho mob. Cov neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog: cornflower, chamomile, poppy, bluebells, dandelion, violet, tsis nco qab-kuv-nots. Cornflowers yog cov paj zoo nkauj heev ntawm cov xim xiav. Feem ntau lawv loj hlob hauv cov qoob loo ntawm cov nplej. Teb poppies sawv tawm rau lawv cov nplua nuj liab, "fiery" petals. Lawv pom nyob rau ntawm txoj kev, hauv cov av khib nyiab, tab sis tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv steppes. Teb chamomile muaj cov paj zoo nkauj nrog lub taub hau daj thiab cov paj dawb. Pharmacy chamomile yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm ntau yam kab mob, nrog rau kev kho mob ntawm lub plab zom mov, daim siab, caj pas thiab qhov ncauj kab noj hniav.
Paj paj. Cov xim dab tsi yog snowdrops?
Nkauj kho siab tshajpaj loj hlob nyob rau hauv hav zoov yog anemone, St. John lub wort, lilies ntawm lub hav, snowdrops, ntau sorrel, thiab lwm yam. Lawv txoj kev zoo nkauj yoojyim tsis muaj ib tug indifferent. Tab sis qhov kev sib tw tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov ntau yam ntawm lub hav zoov paj lub nceeg vaj yog lub snowdrop. Nws thawj zaug tshwm rau ntawm thaj chaw thawed, txoj cai los ntawm hauv qab daus yaj, thiab cim qhov pib ntawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Koj puas paub dab tsi xim snowdrops?
Feem ntau cov ilv primroses muaj cov paj dawb zoo li lub tswb. Tab sis kuj tseem muaj xim xiav, thiab txawm xiav. Cov genus ntawm snowdrops suav nrog txog ob lub kaum ob hom, nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm cov daus-dawb snowdrop, Elvis snowdrop, Caucasian snowdrop, thiab lwm yam. Lawv nyiam loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntxoov ntxoo, nyob rau hauv lub canopy ntawm shrubs thiab ntoo.
Ib qho hav zoov muaj nuj nqis tshaj plaws yog St. John's wort. Koj tuaj yeem paub txog nws los ntawm nws cov ceg ntoo thiab oblong-ovate nplooj nrog lub ntsej muag du. Cov paj ntawm no herbaceous perennial yog ci daj. St. John's wort yog siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj raws li ib tug anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial thiab hemostatic tus neeg sawv cev.
Vaj paj yog ib pawg loj ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas tsim los kho peb lub neej thiab lub caij ntuj sov ennoble cottages thiab tsev neeg. Lawv tuaj yeem raug cais raws li qee qhov kev txwv. Piv txwv li, vaj paj feem ntau muab faib ua peb pawg - txhua xyoo, biennials thiab perennials.
Lawv tus kheej unpretentious thiab nyob rau hauvNyob rau tib lub sijhawm, pansies, marigolds (calendula), alyssum, nasturtium yog suav tias yog qhov kaj thiab zoo nkauj txhua xyoo. Perennials yog cov paj zoo nkauj uas khaws lawv cov khoom zoo rau ntau xyoo. Lawv zoo tagnrho rau txhua lub vaj, thiab tsis tas yuav hloov pauv txhua xyoo thiab kev saib xyuas hnyav. Cov paj yog dab tsi? Lub npe nrov tshaj plaws perennials yog raws li nram no: astilbe, sawv, peony, bergenia, daylily, lychnis, crocus, narcissus, tulip, thiab lwm yam Daisies, violas, Turkish cloves, foxglove, mallow, thiab lwm yam yog suav hais tias yog lub npe nrov tshaj biennials. qoob loo.
