Intercellular khoom: qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm

Cov txheej txheem:

Intercellular khoom: qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm
Intercellular khoom: qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm
Anonim

Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm txhua yam kab mob uas muaj sia nyob uas tuaj yeem pom hauv ntiaj teb tsuas yog cov khoom sib txuas. Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom uas peb paub - ntshav plasma, lymph, collagen protein fibers, elastin, matrix, thiab hais txog. Nyob rau hauv txhua yam kabmob, cov hlwb thiab cov tshuaj intercellular yog inextricably txuas. Thiab tam sim no peb yuav xav txog qhov nthuav dav ntawm cov khoom no, nws txoj haujlwm thiab nta.

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

Yog li, cov tshuaj intercellular yog ib qho ntawm ntau hom kab mob sib txuas. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm peb lub cev, thiab nyob ntawm qhov chaw, nws muaj pes tsawg leeg kuj hloov. Raws li txoj cai, xws li cov khoom siv khi yog zais los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg musculoskeletal, uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev ncaj ncees ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tag nrho cov kabmob. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov tshuaj intercellular kuj tuaj yeem ua tus yam ntxwv. Cov no yog cov ntshav plasma, lymph, protein, reticulin thiab elastin fibers. Cov ntaub so ntswg no yog ua los ntawm cov matrix, uas tseem hu ua cov tshuaj amorphous. Nyob rau hauv lem, lub matrix yogCov txheej txheem ntau yam ntawm cov organic, cov hlwb uas tsis tshua muaj me me piv rau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev.

intercellular khoom
intercellular khoom

Txoj kev sib khi ntaub

Cov tshuaj intercellular tsim hauv cov ntaub so ntswg yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm lawv cov haujlwm. Tias yog vim li cas nws muaj pes tsawg leeg nyob ntawm seb qhov twg ntawm lub cev peb xav txog. Yog hais tias peb tham txog cov kab mob, ces nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no hom tshuaj yuav zoo ib yam. Ntawm no nws tshwm sim los ntawm carbohydrates, proteins, lipids thiab fetal connective ntaub so ntswg. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob, nws cov hlwb kuj ua ntau haiv neeg nyob rau hauv lawv cov dej num thiab cov ntsiab lus. Yog li ntawd, cov tshuaj intercellular kuj hloov. Nws tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv epithelium thiab hauv qhov tob ntawm cov kabmob sab hauv, hauv tib neeg cov pob txha thiab pob txha mos. Thiab nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, peb yuav pom ib tug neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg, tus kheej ntawm cov uas tsuas yog txiav txim los ntawm ib tug paub txog biologist los yog kws kho mob.

intercellular tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg
intercellular tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg

Lub cev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws fiber ntau

Hauv tib neeg lub cev, cov khoom sib txuas ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ua haujlwm tseem ceeb. Nws tsis yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm ib lub cev lossis lub cev, tab sis txhawb kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab kev sib txuas ntawm txhua yam ntawm tus neeg lossis tsiaj, los ntawm cov kabmob tob tshaj plaws mus rau dermis. Qhov nruab nrab, cov ntaub ntawv no sawv cev rau 60 mus rau 90 feem pua ntawm tag nrho lub cev qhov hnyav. Hauv lwm lo lus, cov khoom no hauv lub cev yog ib qho kev txhawb nqa uas muab kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb rau peb. Cov tshuaj no muab faib uantau subspecies (saib hauv qab), cov qauv uas zoo ib yam li ib leeg, tab sis tsis zoo ib yam nkaus.

Dig txawm tob - "matrix"

Cov tshuaj intercellular ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg nws tus kheej yog ib qho matrix. Nws ua haujlwm thauj mus los ntawm ntau lub tshuab hauv lub cev, ua haujlwm txhawb nqa rau nws thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, xa ntau yam teeb liab ntawm ib lub cev mus rau lwm qhov. Ua tsaug rau qhov no matrix, metabolism tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg los yog tsiaj, nws koom nyob rau hauv locomotion ntawm hlwb, thiab kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lawv cov loj. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm embryogenesis, ntau lub hlwb uas yav tas los ywj siab los yog koom nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam hauv lub cev los ua ib feem ntawm cov tshuaj no. Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm matrix yog hyaluronic acid, proteoglycans thiab glycoproteins. Ib qho ntawm cov neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm tom kawg yog collagen. Cov tshuaj no ua rau cov tshuaj intercellular thiab pom nyob rau hauv txhua qhov, txawm tias lub ces kaum tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm peb lub cev.

intercellular khoom ntawm cov pob txha
intercellular khoom ntawm cov pob txha

Internal qauv ntawm lub cev pob txha

Cov pob txha tsim ntawm peb lub cev muaj tag nrho cov hlwb osteocyte. Lawv muaj ib tug taw tes, ib tug loj thiab muaj zog nucleus thiab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cytoplasm. Cov metabolism hauv xws li "hardened" systems ntawm peb lub cev yog ua tsaug rau cov pob txha tubules, uas ua rau cov kua dej. Cov tshuaj intercellular ntawm cov pob txha pob txha nws tus kheej yog tsim tsuas yog thaum lub sij hawm ntawm cov pob txha tsim. Cov txheej txheem no yog ua los ntawm osteoblast hlwb. Lawv, nyob rau hauv lem, tom qab ua tiavformations ntawm tag nrho cov ntaub so ntswg thiab tebchaw nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug qauv raug puas tsuaj thiab tsis muaj nyob. Tab sis nyob rau hauv thawj theem, cov pob txha hlwb secrete intercellular tshuaj los ntawm synthesis ntawm protein, carbohydrates thiab collagen. Tom qab cov ntaub so ntswg matrix tsim, cov hlwb pib tsim cov ntsev uas hloov mus rau hauv calcium. Hauv cov txheej txheem no, osteoblasts, raws li nws tau, thaiv tag nrho cov txheej txheem metabolic uas tshwm sim hauv lawv, nres thiab tuag. Lub zog ntawm cov pob txha yog tam sim no tswj hwm los ntawm qhov tseeb tias osteocytes ua haujlwm. Yog tias muaj kev raug mob tshwm sim (pob txha, piv txwv li), tom qab ntawd osteoblasts rov pib dua thiab pib tsim cov khoom sib txuas ntawm cov pob txha hauv ntau qhov ntau, uas ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.

intercellular tshuaj ntawm cov ntshav
intercellular tshuaj ntawm cov ntshav

Txoj kev ntawm cov ntshav

Txhua tus paub zoo tias peb cov kua liab muaj xws li cov ntshav ntshav. Nws muab qhov tsim nyog viscosity, muaj peev xwm ntawm cov ntshav daws teeb meem thiab ntau ntxiv. Yog li, cov tshuaj intercellular ntawm cov ntshav yog plasma. Macroscopically, nws yog kua nplaum, uas yog pob tshab lossis muaj xim daj me ntsis. Plasma ib txwm sau rau saum lub nkoj tom qab lwm cov ntshav loj tau nyob. Qhov feem pua ntawm cov kua dej intercellular hauv cov ntshav yog los ntawm 50 mus rau 60%. Lub hauv paus ntawm plasma nws tus kheej yog dej, uas muaj lipids, proteins, qabzib thiab cov tshuaj hormones. Plasma kuj absorbs tag nrho cov khoom metabolic, uas, tom qabpov tseg.

intercellular tshuaj ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg connective
intercellular tshuaj ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg connective

Cov proteins uas muaj nyob hauv peb lub cev

Raws li peb tau nkag siab lawm, cov qauv ntawm cov tshuaj intercellular yog nyob ntawm cov proteins, uas yog cov khoom kawg ntawm cov hlwb. Nyob rau hauv lem, cov proteins no tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg: cov uas muaj cov nplaum nplaum, thiab cov uas tshem tawm cov cell adhesion. Thawj pab pawg feem ntau suav nrog fibronectin, uas yog lub ntsiab matrix. Nws ua raws li nidogen, laminin, thiab fibrillar collagens, uas tsim fibers. Ntau yam khoom raug thauj los ntawm cov tubules no, uas muab cov metabolism. Cov pab pawg thib ob ntawm cov protein yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Lawv muaj ntau yam glycoproteins. Ntawm lawv peb yuav hu ua tenascin, osteonectin, trompospondin. Cov khoom no feem ntau yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev kho mob ntawm qhov txhab thiab kev raug mob. Lawv kuj tau tsim muaj ntau thaum kis kab mob.

functionality

Nws yog qhov pom tseeb tias lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj intercellular hauv txhua yam kabmob muaj sia nyob siab heev. Cov khoom no, muaj feem ntau ntawm cov proteins, yog tsim txawm nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov hlwb uas nyuaj tshaj plaws, uas nyob ntawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm ib leeg (pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg). Vim nws yooj yooj yim thiab tubules-conductors nyob rau hauv no "semi-kua" metabolism tshwm sim. Ntawm no, cov khoom ntawm kev ua ntawm cov hlwb tseem ceeb tuaj yeem raug tso tawm, lossis cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig thiab cov vitamins uas nyuam qhuav nkag mus rau hauv lub cev nrog zaub mov lossis lwm txoj hauv kev tuaj yeem muab tau. intercellular khoompermeates peb lub cev tag nrho, pib ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab xaus nrog cell membrane. Yog li ntawd, ob qho tib si Western tshuaj thiab Eastern tshuaj tau ntev los mus rau qhov xaus hais tias txhua yam nyob rau hauv peb yog interconnected. Thiab yog tias ib qho ntawm cov kabmob sab hauv raug puas, qhov no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, plaub hau, rau tes, lossis lwm yam.

cell thiab intercellular khoom
cell thiab intercellular khoom

Perpetual motion machine

Cov tshuaj intercellular tam sim no hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm peb lub cev ua kom nws cov haujlwm tseem ceeb. Nws tau muab faib ua ntau pawg, tuaj yeem muaj cov qauv molecular sib txawv, thiab qee zaum, cov haujlwm ntawm cov khoom kuj txawv. Zoo, cia peb xav txog hom kev sib txuas zoo li cas thiab dab tsi yog yam ntxwv ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv. Cia peb hla ntawm no, tej zaum, tsuas yog plasma xwb, txij li peb tau kawm nws cov haujlwm thiab cov yam ntxwv txaus, thiab peb yuav tsis rov ua dua peb tus kheej.

Intercellular yooj yim txuas

Traceable ntawm cov hlwb uas nyob deb ntawm 15 txog 20 nm ntawm ib leeg. Cov ntaub so ntswg nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog nyob dawb do nyob rau hauv qhov chaw no thiab tsis tiv thaiv kev nkag mus ntawm cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig thiab cov khoom pov tseg ntawm cov hlwb los ntawm nws cov tubules. Ib tug ntawm cov nto moo tshaj plaws ntau yam ntawm xws li ib tug kev twb kev txuas yog lub "tsev fuabtais". Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub bilipid daim nyias nyias ntawm cov hlwb nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, raws li zoo raws li ib feem ntawm lawv cytoplasm, yog compressed, tsim ib tug muaj zog mechanical daim ntawv cog lus. Ntau yam khoom, cov vitamins thiab minerals dhau los ntawm nws, uas ua kom lub cev ua haujlwm.

lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov tshuaj intercellular
lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov tshuaj intercellular

Intercellular nruj junction

Qhov muaj cov tshuaj intercellular tsis yog ib txwm txhais tau tias cov hlwb lawv tus kheej nyob deb ntawm ib leeg. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nrog lawv zoo sib xws adhesion, daim nyias nyias ntawm tag nrho cov Cheebtsam ntawm ib tug cais system ntawm lub cev yog nruj nreem compressed. Tsis zoo li yav dhau los version - "xauv", qhov twg lub hlwb tseem kov, ntawm no xws li "stickings" tiv thaiv kev nkag ntawm ntau yam khoom los ntawm fibers. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias hom tshuaj intercellular feem ntau ntseeg tau tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm ib puag ncig. Feem ntau, xws li ib tug ntom fusion ntawm cell membranes tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij, nrog rau ntau hom dermis, uas envelops lub cev sab hauv.

Thib peb - desmosome

Cov tshuaj no yog ib hom nplaum nplaum uas tsim saum npoo ntawm cov hlwb. Qhov no tej zaum yuav yog ib cheeb tsam me me, tsis pub ntau tshaj 0.5 µm nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla, uas yuav muab qhov zoo tshaj plaws mechanical kev twb kev txuas ntawm daim nyias nyias. Vim qhov tseeb tias desmosomes muaj cov qauv nplaum, lawv nruj heev thiab ntseeg tau cov kua nplaum ua ke. Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem metabolic hauv lawv tshwm sim ntau dua thiab nrawm dua li nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm cov khoom sib txuas yooj yim. Xws li cov nplaum nplaum muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg intercellular ntawm txhua hom, thiab lawv txhua tus interconnected los ntawm fibers. Lawv synchronous thiab ua haujlwm zoo ib yam tso cai rau lub cev teb sai li sai tau rau txhua qhov kev puas tsuaj sab nraud, nrog rau cov txheej txheem txheej txheem organic thiab hloov mus rau hauv lub cev kom raug.

CellularNexus

Hom kev sib cuag ntawm cov hlwb no tseem hu ua kev sib cuag. Cov kab hauv qab yog tias tsuas yog ob lub hlwb koom nrog ntawm no, uas nyob ib sab nruj rau ib leeg, thiab tib lub sijhawm muaj ntau cov protein ntau ntawm lawv. Kev sib pauv ntawm cov khoom tshwm sim tsuas yog ntawm ob yam tshwj xeeb. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov hlwb uas nyob ze rau ib leeg, muaj qhov chaw intercellular, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nws yog xyaum tsis ua hauj lwm. Ntxiv nrog rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tom qab kev sib pauv ntawm cov khoom nruab nrab ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus, cov vitamins thiab ions raug xa mus ntxiv los ntawm cov kab protein. Nws ntseeg tau tias txoj kev no ntawm cov metabolism yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws, thiab lub cev noj qab haus huv, kev loj hlob zoo dua.

Yuav ua li cas lub paj hlwb ua haujlwm

Hais txog cov metabolism, thauj cov vitamins thiab minerals thoob plaws hauv lub cev, peb tau plam ib qho tseem ceeb heev, tsis muaj dab tsi muaj sia nyob tuaj yeem ua haujlwm - lub paj hlwb. Cov neurons uas nws muaj, piv nrog rau lwm cov hlwb ntawm peb lub cev, nyob ntawm qhov deb heev ntawm ib leeg. Tias yog vim li cas qhov chaw no tau ntim nrog cov tshuaj intercellular, uas yog hu ua synapse. Hom kev sib txuas no tsuas yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov paj hlwb zoo ib yam, lossis nruab nrab ntawm cov neuron thiab lub npe hu ua lub hom phiaj ntawm tes, uas yuav tsum tuaj txog. Ib tug yam ntxwv feature ntawm lub synapse yog hais tias nws kis tau ib lub teeb liab los ntawm ib lub xov tooj mus rau lwm tus, tsis kis mus rau tag nrho cov neurons ib zaug. Los ntawm cov saw hlau zoo li no, cov ntaub ntawv ncav cuag nws "lub hom phiaj" thiab qhia rau tus neeg txog qhov mob,kab mob, thiab lwm yam.

Short afterword

Intercellular tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg, raws li nws muab tawm, plays ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob, tsim thiab ntxiv lub neej ntawm txhua txhua yam muaj sia nyob. Cov khoom zoo li no ua rau feem ntau ntawm peb lub cev, nws ua haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - kev thauj mus los, thiab tso cai rau txhua lub cev ua haujlwm zoo, ua kom sib haum. Cov tshuaj intercellular muaj peev xwm ua kom nws tus kheej zoo los ntawm ntau yam kev raug mob, coj tag nrho lub cev mus rau hauv lub suab thiab kho cov haujlwm ntawm qee lub hlwb puas. Cov tshuaj no tau muab faib ua ntau hom, nws pom ob qho tib si hauv lub cev pob txha thiab hauv cov ntshav, thiab txawm nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha ntawm cov tsiaj txhu. Thiab nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, nws qhia peb tias muaj dab tsi tshwm sim rau peb, ua rau nws muaj peev xwm hnov mob yog tias kev ua haujlwm ntawm qee lub cev raug cuam tshuam, lossis xav tau qee yam khoom thaum nws tsis txaus.

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