Kev cog cov kab mob: txoj hauv kev, cov hauv paus ntsiab lus, cov kauj ruam thiab cov xwm txheej

2024 Tus sau: Angel Austin | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:28

Cov kab mob hauv cov xwm txheej nyob ib puag ncig peb muaj nyob txhua qhov chaw: hauv av, dej hauv av, ntawm qhov chaw ntawm ntau yam khoom, tib neeg thiab tsiaj nyob hauv lawv. Tag nrho cov no tuaj yeem ua qhov chaw ntawm microbial paug ntawm cov zaub mov, tshuaj, thiab cov kab ntau lawm. Kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov kab mob yog tsim nyog los kawm txog lawv cov khoom, kev xav tau, thiab cov yam ntxwv. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, yog ib tug tseem ceeb kauj ruam nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ntau yam tshuaj, kuaj kuaj cov kab mob, xam cov ntau lawm reactors thiab ntau ntxiv.

Cov ntsiab lus dav dav

Kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov kab mob hauv microbiology hais txog kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov kab mob uas tau ua hauv chav kuaj. Nyob rau hauv lem, microbes uas tau loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib tug xaiv nutrient nruab nrab hu ua kab lis kev cai. Kab lis kev cai tuaj yeem sib xyaw yog tias lawv tsim los ntawm ntau hom kab mob, thiab ntshiab yog tias lawv tsuas yog sawv cev los ntawm ib hom kab mob xwb.

Yog khoom nojTsuas yog ib lub xovtooj tau muab tso rau hauv nruab nrab, thiab ib pab pawg neeg tau txais los ntawm nws cov kev tsim tawm, tom qab ntawd cov kab mob no hu ua clone. Thaum ib lub clone loj hlob mus rau qhov chaw uas nws pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab, cov kab mob sib sau no hu ua colony.

Feem ntau cog cov kab mob cais tawm los ntawm ntau qhov chaw yog ua los ntawm ib leeg. Txhua pawg loj hlob ntawm microbes yog hu ua ib hom kab mob. Yog li, yog tias ib hom staphylococcus raug cais tawm ntawm peb qhov chaw (lossis sib txawv ntawm cov khoom qub, cov neeg sib txawv), lawv tham txog peb hom kab mob staphylococcus.

Cov kab mob loj hlob tuaj

Cov no suav nrog ntau yam amino acids, lipids, purine bases thiab lwm yam sib xyaw tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov kab mob. Qee cov microbes tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj uas lawv xav tau, thaum lwm tus yuav tsum tau txais lawv hauv daim ntawv tiav. Raws li kev xav tau ntawm cov kab mob hauv qee yam kev loj hlob, kev txheeb xyuas thiab kev sib txawv ntawm cov kab mob yog ua tiav. Tsis tas li, qhov ntsuas no tseem ceeb rau kev npaj kom raug ntawm cov khoom nruab nrab rau kev kuaj thiab biotechnological ua haujlwm:

• Amino acids. Cov kab mob yuav xav tau ib qho amino acid lossis pab pawg ntawm cov kua qaub. Yog li, clostridia xav tau leucine thiab tyrosine, streptococci xav tau leucine thiab arginine. Cov kab mob uas xav tau cov amino acids los ntawm sab nraud kom loj hlob yog hu ua auxotrophs.
• Purine thiab pyrimidine hauv paus, nrog rau lawv cov derivatives (adenine, guanine thiab lwm yam). Lawv yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm ntau yamStreptococcus hom.

Vitamins. Lawv yog ib feem ntawm coenzymes xav tau los ntawm cov kab mob. Yog li, nicotinic acid, nrog rau nws cov amide, uas yog ib feem ntawm NAD thiab NADP, xav tau los ntawm diphtheria thiab shigella corynebacteria. Thiamine, raws li ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm pyrophosphate, yuav tsum tau Staphylococcus aureus, pneumococcus, brucella. Pantothenic acid, uas yog ib feem ntawm CoA coenzyme, yuav tsum tau los ntawm tetanus bacilli thiab qee hom streptococcus. Cytochromes, thiab yog li cov folic acid, hemes thiab biotin uas tsim lawv, yog tsim nyog rau Mycobacterium tuberculosis thiab Haemophilus influenzae.

Ib puag ncig xav tau

Cov xwm txheej rau kab lis kev cai xov xwm rau kev coj tus kab mob:

1. Khoom noj khoom haus. Lawv yuav tsum muaj cov tshuaj, ntxiv rau, nyob rau hauv ib qho yooj yim digestible daim ntawv, tsim nyog rau microorganisms noj thiab ntxiv zog. Cov no muaj xws li organogens thiab minerals. Qee cov kab mob kuj tseem xav tau cov vitamins thiab amino acids uas lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua ke.
2. zoo pH qib. Nws cuam tshuam rau permeability ntawm cell membrane thiab, raws li, muaj peev xwm nqus cov as-ham los ntawm cov kab mob. Feem ntau, tus nqi pH yuav tsum nyob rau theem ntawm 7, 2-7, 4. Muaj ntau cov kab mob hauv lawv lub neej tsim cov khoom nrog acidic lossis alkaline cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab kom pH ntawm cov khoom nruab nrab tsis hloov, yuav tsum tau buffered.

YIsotonic. Lub siab osmotic nyob rau hauv cov khoom nruab nrab rau kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov kab mob yuav tsum muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo ib yam.nyob rau hauv microbial hlwb. Nws feem ntau sib raug rau 0.5% NaCl tov.

3. Sterility. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob txawv teb chaws yuav cuam tshuam cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas.
4. Humidity level. Qhov ntsuas no, nrog rau qhov sib xws ntawm qhov nruab nrab, yuav tsum muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo rau ib hom kab mob.
5. Redox peev xwm (RH2). Nws qhia txog qhov piv ntawm cov khoom uas pub dawb thiab txais cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, nrog rau qib oxygen saturation ntawm cov khoom nruab nrab. Rau aerobes thiab anaerobes, cov xwm txheej rau kev cog cov kab mob sib txawv me ntsis hauv qhov ntsuas no. Cov kab mob anaerobic rov tsim tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm RH2 qhov tseem ceeb hauv qab 5 thiab cov kab mob aerobic tsawg kawg yog 10.
6. Kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov kab lis kev cai nruab nrab muaj qhov tsis tu ncua ntawm nws cov khoom xyaw. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev daws teeb meem meej yog nyiam, uas ua rau nws yooj yim dua los saib xyuas cov qoob loo loj hlob lossis ceeb toom kev sib kis.

Types of culture media

Kev xaiv ntawm ib qho nruab nrab rau cov kab mob loj hlob yog cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam, ntawm cov uas yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lawv cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kawm. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb hauv qab kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus yog:

1. Cheebtsam. Raws li thawj cov khoom siv los tsim cov substrate, lawv paub qhov txawv:

• natural, uas yog npaj los ntawm cov khoom ntawm tsiaj lossis zaub keeb kwm (xws li nqaij, mis nyuj, txiv hmab txiv ntoo) thiab tsim nyog rau kev cog qoob looqoob loo;
• semi-synthetic, uas cov khoom noj khoom haus kim tshaj plaws yog hloov los ntawm cov khoom tsis yog khoom noj (piv txwv li, pob txha noj mov, ntshav txhaws), thiab qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev cog qoob loo ntawm qee yam kab mob lossis cais lawv cov khoom metabolic los ntawm ib puag ncig;
• synthetic, uas yog npaj los ntawm cov nqi ntawm cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke, muaj qhov paub qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab tuaj yeem tsim tau yooj yim.

2. Consistency (qhov ntom). Distinguish ib puag ncig:

• kua;
• dense;
• semi-kua.

Ob qhov kawg yog npaj los ntawm cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb lossis cov tshuaj ua kua nrog ntxiv ntawm agar-agar lossis gelatin los tsim kom muaj qhov ntom ntom. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib puag ncig ntom ntom rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob yog cov ntshav txhaws, qos yaj ywm, silica gel media, carrageenan.

3. Compound. Raws li qhov no, ib puag ncig yog:

• yooj yim, cov npe uas luv luv yog Meat Peptone Broth (MBB), Hottinger Broth thiab Agar, Nqaij Peptone Agar (MPA), cov khoom noj khoom haus gelatin thiab peptone dej.
• nyuaj, npaj los ntawm cov yooj yim nrog ntxiv cov ntshav, whey, carbohydrates thiab lwm yam tshuaj.

4. Teem sijhawm. Cov khoom noj khoom haus hauv qab no yog qhov txawv:

• lub ntsiab yog siv los loj hlob ntau yam kab mob microbes (feem ntau yooj yim muaj pes tsawg leeg);
• tshwj xeeb yog siv los cais thiab cog cov kab mob uas tsis loj hlob ntawm cov substrates yooj yim;
• xaiv (lawv kuj xaiv tau) yog qhov tsim nyog rau cais cov kab mob tshwj xeeb thiab cuam tshuam kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob sib txuas (xaiv tautsim los ntawm kev ntxiv qee yam tshuaj rau hauv xov xwm, xws li tshuaj tua kab mob lossis ntsev, lossis los ntawm kev kho pH);
• kev kuaj mob sib txawv ua rau nws muaj peev xwm paub qhov txawv ntawm ib hom kab mob los ntawm lwm qhov los ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas cov haujlwm enzymatic, piv txwv li, ntawm nruab nrab;
• xav tau cov tshuaj tua kab mob rau thawj zaug nrog kev thauj mus los tom ntej ntawm cov qauv, vim lawv tiv thaiv cov kab mob tuag, nrog rau inhibit qhov kev loj hlob ntawm lwm cov kab mob.

Media npaj

Cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov kab mob anaerobic yog kev npaj cov khoom noj uas tsim nyog. Tom qab xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws parameters, mus rau theem hauv qab no:

• hnyav, los ntawm kev xaiv ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov khoom ntawm qhov kev ntsuas ntsuas;
• kev ua kom tiav hauv dej distilled rhuab mus rau 70 ° C, thiab phosphates, micro- thiab macros alts cais cais;
• boiling hauv da dej rau ob feeb;
• kev txiav txim siab pH los ntawm daim ntawv qhia lossis potentiometer;
• pom los ntawm cov ntaub ntub dej lossis cov ntawv lim dej rau cov kua nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm molten, thiab los ntawm cov paj rwb-gauze lim rau agar media;
• bottling ua rau 3/4 muaj peev xwm;
• medium dependent sterilization;
• tswj kom tsis muaj menyuam yog ua tiav los ntawm kev nyob rau ob hnub hauv qhov ntsuas kub, ua raws li kev saib;
• tshuaj tswj kom tsim tau cov pH thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov tsim nyogkhoom;
• biological tswj los ntawm kev sim inoculation.

Sterilization of glassware and media

Ib yam ntawm cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev cog qoob loo yog kev tsis muaj menyuam. Kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob txawv teb chaws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom nruab nrab los ntawm kev hloov nws cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab pH. Sterilization yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab lis kev cai ntshiab. Hauv kev xyaum, lo lus no txhais tau hais tias cov txheej txheem ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv lub neej nyob rau saum npoo thiab nyob rau hauv lub ntim ntawm sterilized khoom. Cov nkoj, cov cuab yeej siv, xov xwm, thiab lwm yam khoom siv thaum lub sijhawm kawm tau ua kom tsis muaj menyuam.

Qee hom kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam:

• Ignition. Sterilization ntawm loops thiab koob rau noob, iav slides, ib co twj paj nruag yuav ua tau siv lub burner los yog ntsuj plig teeb.
• Nyob. Haum rau kev tuav cov koob txhaj tshuaj, koob, khoom noj, tab sis tsis tua cov kab mob spores.
• Dry heat sterilization. Nws yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub txee tshwj xeeb kom qhuav thiab tsim nyog rau kev ua cov raj mis, cov raj kuaj thiab lwm yam khoom siv iav.
• Kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam. Ua nyob rau hauv ib qho autoclave, txoj kev no zoo heev. Tab sis nws tsis haum rau cov khoom noj khoom haus uas muaj cov proteins lossis lwm yam sib xyaw ua ke uas tawg thaum kub kub. Ntau sparing tuaj yeem hu ua tyndalization. Nws yog nqa tawm hauv Koch Boiler thiab sib txuas cov germination ntawm spores nrog lawv kev puas tsuaj.
• Pasteurization. Nws yog siv rau kev tshaj tawm uas hloov lawv cov khoom thaum boiled (piv txwv li, mis nyuj, cawv, npias), muaj peev xwmtshem lawv ntawm cov kab mob uas tsis muaj kab mob. Kev ua haujlwm kub tsuas yog 50-60 ° C rau kaum tsib mus rau peb caug feeb. Qee zaum, kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam txias yog siv, nqa tawm siv cov lim lossis UV rays.

kab mob kev cog qoob loo

Kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob tsuas yog ua tau raws li qee yam thiab qhov muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv:

1. Kub. Muaj peb pawg kab mob sib txawv ntawm qhov nyiam kub:

• thermophiles, lossis cov kab mob uas nyiam sov, loj hlob ntawm 45-90 ° C, uas txhais tau hais tias lawv tsis sib xyaw hauv tib neeg thiab tsiaj cov kab mob;
• psychrophiles, lossis cov kab mob uas nyiam txias, nyiam qhov kub ntawm 5-15 ° C thiab loj hlob hauv khw txias;
• mesophiles, tsim ntawm qhov kub ntawm 25-37 ° C, lawv suav nrog cov kab mob ntau.

2. Teeb. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov kab mob phototrophic, txij li thaum lawv ua tiav cov txheej txheem photosynthetic. Tab sis rau feem ntau microbes, teeb pom kev zoo tsis yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej. Thiab txawm rov qab los, hnub ci ultraviolet tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lawv txoj kev loj hlob.

3. Dej. Txhua yam kab mob xav tau dej hauv daim ntawv nkag tau (kua). Yog vim li cas cov zaub mov khov me me kom tsis muaj kab mob loj hlob.

4. Acidity ntawm ib puag ncig. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev cog cov kab mob no twb tau tham txog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws saum toj no.

5. Aeration. Oxygen, raws li cov khoom siv tshuaj, yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov dej thiab muaj ntau cov tshuaj siv raucultivation ntawm microorganisms. Gaseous oxygen kuj tuaj yeem muaj nyob rau hauv dej thiab lwm yam kua hauv daim ntawv yaj. Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob xav tau cov khoom noj tas li ntawm cov pa oxygen molecules. Tab sis rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kab mob, nws yog tsis tsim nyog, los yog, phem tshaj, gaseous oxygen yog tshuaj lom rau lawv, txij li thaum lawv tsis muaj catalase thiab peroxidase, uas rhuav tshem cov khoom ua pa lom. Yog li ntawd, cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov kab mob anaerobic yog tshem tawm O₂ molecules los ntawm cov khoom nruab nrab.

6. Kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov kab mob. Kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov kab mob aerobic thiab anaerobic yog ua nyob rau hauv ntau txheej ntawm ib puag ncig thiab nyob rau hauv ntau hom.

Kev cog qoob loo ntawm aerobic microorganisms

Kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov kab mob aerobic xav tau cov pa oxygen molecular. Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov kab lis kev cai ntshiab ntawm aerobes uas tuaj yeem siv tau zoo hauv tshuaj thiab kev lag luam khoom noj, cov hauv qab no yog siv:

• ntog loj hlob ntawm cov xov xwm ntom ntom lossis hauv cov kua dej (lawv txheej nyias) thaum oxygen tuaj ncaj qha los ntawm huab cua;
• tob cog qoob loo hauv cov kua hauv xov xwm, thaum qhov nce ntawm cov pa oxygen yaj hauv lawv tau ua tiav los ntawm aeration tas li.

Kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov kab mob anaerobic

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev cog cov kab mob ntawm hom no yog lawv qhov kev sib cuag tsawg kawg nkaus nrog cov pa oxygen. Muab tej yam kev mob rau lawv txoj kev loj hlob yog ntau nyuaj tshaj rau aerobes. Cov hauv qab no yog siv los cais anaerobes los ntawm molecular O₂:

1. Lub cev. Hom kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov kab mob anaerobic no txo qis rau lawv cov qoob loo hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev tshwj xeeb - microanaerostat. Cov huab cua nyob rau hauv nws yog hloov los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb roj sib tov ntawm nitrogen nrog ntxiv ntawm 10% hydrogen thiab 5% carbon dioxide.
2. tshuaj. Cov no suav nrog: kev siv cov tshuaj nqus dej (xws li Fe, Na₂S₂O₄, CuCl) los yog txo cov tshuaj (xws li ascorbic acid).
3. Biological. Nws los txog rau kev cog qoob loo ntawm aerobes thiab anaerobes hauv lub kaw lus kaw. Txoj kev no ntawm kev cog cov kab mob no suav nrog kev cog ib nrab ntawm Petri phaj nrog qee yam ntawm cov kab mob aerobic, thiab lwm ib nrab nrog kev kawm anaerobe. Nws txoj kev loj hlob yuav pib thaum lub sijhawm siv tag nrho cov pa oxygen.

Cov kev cog qoob loo hauv qab no yog tsim los cog cov kab mob anaerobic:

• hauv txheej txheej;
• nyob rau hauv cov txheej saum npoo uas muaj cov tshuaj paraffin tsis muaj menyuam;
• nyob rau hauv cov tuab ntawm ib tug ntom ntom nruab nrab;
• nyob rau hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm viscous media.

Tau txais kab lis kev cai ntshiab

Cov kws kho mob microbiologist feem ntau ua haujlwm nrog cov qauv uas nyob hauv ntau hom microbes. Txawm li cas los xij, txhawm rau txiav txim siab txoj haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob (tsev neeg, genus, hom), nrog rau kev kawm txog lawv cov yam ntxwv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum cais lawv thiab loj hlob cov kab lis kev cai ntshiab. Lawv yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv ntau yam khoom noj khoom haus industries, piv txwv li, cheese, qhob cij, kvass, caw, thiab lwm yam. Kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov kab mob lactic acid ua rau kom tau txaisib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv mis nyuj fermented, khob noom cookie, cocoa, silage thiab txawm yas.

Txoj kev cais cov kab lis kev cai ntshiab hauv qhov nruab nrab ntom ntom yog ua raws li kev sib cais ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov kab mob nrog lawv cov kev cog qoob loo tom ntej. Cov qauv yog pauv mus rau hauv ib lub ntim uas tsis muaj dej los yog saline (ntim 10-100 ml) thiab ces shaken rau ob feeb. Txhawm rau kom tshem tawm cov kab mob nyob hauv lub thickness ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv txoj kev kawm (piv txwv li, hnyuv ntxwm los yog cheese), ua ntej rub cov qauv nrog cov cuab yeej tsis muaj menyuam nrog xuab zeb. Cov khoom uas tau ua tiav kev npaj ua ntej, hnyav 1 g los yog ntim ntawm 1 ml, yog diluted nrog sterile dej los ntawm 10, 100, 1000, thiab lwm yam. Lub degree ntawm dilution yog xaiv uas muab ib tug concentration ntawm cov hlwb sib xws rau lub peev xwm ntawm txoj kev.

Kev cog qoob loo tom ntej ntawm cov kab mob yog los npaj cov zaub mov nruab nrab. Feem ntau xaiv qhov nruab nrab ntom ntom (MPA). Nws yog thawj zaug melted thiab txias rau 45-50 ° C, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd nws yog poured rau hauv ob peb Petri tais diav (peb mus rau tsib pieces), nyob rau hauv qab ntawm cov swabs los ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ntawm ntau yam concentrations yog muab tso rau. Tom ntej no, sib tov ntawm tseem tsis khov as-ham nruab nrab thiab cov khoom nkag mus rau hauv nws yog nqa tawm. Qhov no yog li cas cov hlwb raug kho ntawm ntau lub ntsiab lus hauv ntim ntawm substrate.

Tom ntej no, Petri cov tais diav muab tso rau hauv qhov ntsuas kub rau 2 hnub ntawm 22 ° C. Thaum lub sij hawm no, cov hlwb multiply mus rau xws li ib tug npaum li cas lub colony tsim los ntawm txhua lub hlwb yuav pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab. Txhua tus ntawm lawv yog cov kab lis kev cai ntshiab ntawm hom kab mob los ntawm nws cov hlwbRose.

Tom qab ntawd, los ntawm Petri tais diav, cov kab mob kis tau subcultured rau hauv cov raj cais cais uas muaj cov khoom noj nruab nrab. Ua li no, cov kab lis kev cai ntshiab raug cais tawm ntawm cov qauv sib xyaw. Txoj kev no dais lub npe ntawm nws tus tsim tawm - R. Koch. Nws kuj yog feem ntau hu ua khob txoj kev, los yog depleting sowing. Tom qab tau txais cov kab lis kev cai ntshiab ntawm ntau hom kab mob, lawv cov duab, spores, thiab tsev neeg raug txiav txim siab.

Txhua txoj haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm asepsis. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj kev loj hlob ntxov ntawm cov kab mob me me, txoj kev tshawb fawb yuav tsum tau ua tam sim tom qab kuaj. Cov dej kais dej raug tshuaj xyuas tom qab tso dej thawj zaug, vim tias lawv yuav muaj cov kab mob microbes hauv cov kav dej thiab cov kais dej. Cov microflora ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo, berries thiab zaub yog nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw (tev), yog li ntawd, ntxuav yog ua los ntawm nws. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, muab tus menyuam hauv plab tso rau hauv lub thawv tsis muaj menyuam thiab sau nws nrog cov dej xav tau. Tom qab ntawd lawv tau shaken heev thiab cov dej tau nchuav rau hauv lwm lub thawv. Cov qoob loo los ntawm cov khoom siv ntaub kuj tau txais hauv cov swabs, tab sis ua ntej, cov khoom ntawm ib qho me me raug txiav tawm ntawm lawv.