Lub bay, hu ua Anadyr, yog qhov loj tshaj plaws hauv Bering Hiav Txwv, uas nyob hauv Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Nws nyob ntawm ob lub capes hu ua Navarin thiab Chukotsky. Nws muaj ntau lub bays me me thiab coves thiab ob qhov loj. Cov no yog Anadyr Estuary thiab Gulf of the Cross, nyob rau hauv qhov tob ntawm Anadyr Gulf.
Discovery keeb kwm
Lub Gulf of Anadyr, tseem hu ua Anadyr Bay, tau tshawb pom los ntawm tus naas ej Lavxias teb sab navigator Semyon Dezhnev hauv 1648. Nws nrhiav tau lub tsev loj cuj Anadyr, uas tom qab ntawd loj hlob mus rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Anadyr. Thawj daim ntawv qhia ntawm Gulf of Anadyr tau kos nyob rau hauv 1665 los ntawm Yenisei Cossack, explorer Kurbat Ivanov, tus compiler ntawm daim duab qhia chaw ntawm Far East thiab discoverer ntawm Lake Baikal. Ivanov tau ua haujlwm hauv tsev lojcuj Anadyr. Ua ke nrog ib pab pawg neeg ua lag luam, xyoo 1660, thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, nws tau caij nkoj hla hiav txwv mus rau Cape Chukotsky.
thaj chaw, piav qhia
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom ntawm daim ntawv qhia, Gulf of Anadyr nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Chukchiceg av qab teb. Nws thaj chaw ua haujlwm yog 64◦ s. w thiab 178◦ w. e.
Qhov dav ntawm lub bay ntawm qhov nkag yog 400 km. Qhov ntev yog hais txog 280 kilometers, qhov siab tshaj plaws sau tseg yog 105 meters. Ob peb tus dej, ntau dua los yog tsawg dua, ntws mus rau hauv lub bay, suav nrog Kanchalan, Tumanskaya, Velikaya, Anadyr.
Anadyr Estuary
Ncaj nraim mus rau Anadyr estuary, uas kuj muaj ob peb yam, tus dej Kanchalan (mus rau Kanchalan estuary), Anadyr thiab Velikaya (mus rau hauv Onemen Bay), Avtatkuul thiab Tretya Rechka ntws. Nws nyob ntawm nws ntug dej hiav txwv uas lub nroog Anadyr nyob, sab hnub tuaj tshaj plaws hauv Russia, uas yog lub chaw tswj hwm ntawm Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm nws mus rau lub peev ntawm lub xeev yog 6192 kilometers. Lub sij hawm ntawm no txawv ntawm Moscow los ntawm +9 teev (Kamchatka lub sij hawm cheeb tsam).
Nyob rau sab nraud ntawm lub estuary, nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Coal Mines, nyob Anadyr tshav dav hlau. Cov dav hlau ya los ntawm no mus rau qhov chaw nyob ntawm Chukotka, nrog rau Khabarovsk thiab Moscow. Lub hiav txwv ntawm lub nroog yog qhov loj tshaj plaws hauv cheeb tsam. Kev taw qhia ntawm no tsuas yog plaub lub hlis xwb: nws pib thaum Lub Xya Hli 1 thiab xaus rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1. Lub estuary yog sib cais los ntawm Gulf of Anadyr los ntawm ob tug spits: Gek Av thiab Lavxias teb sab Cat.
Bay Cross
Lub bay yog nyob rau sab qab teb ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Chukchi Peninsula. Nws tau qhib los ntawm Semyon Dezhnev. Mapped kuj los ntawm Kurbat Ivanov (keeb kwm npe hu ua Nochan). Nws tau hloov npe rau hauv kev hwm ntawm lub koob tsheej ntawm Vaj Ntsuj Plig Dawb Huv-Giving Cross ntawm tus Tswv los ntawm Vitus Bering hauv 1728xyoo.
Qhov tob ntawm hiav txwv hauv lub bay yog li 70 meters. Nws tsoo rau hauv av rau 102 kilometers. Ntawm qhov nkag nws yog nqaim dua li ntawm qhov nruab nrab: 25 thiab 43 kis lus mev.
Natural condition, flora and fauna
Kev nyab xeeb ntawm no, raws li xav tau, hnyav heev, subarctic, maritime. Qhov nruab nrab kub nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj yog +11 degrees, nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj - 22 hauv qab no zero. Qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo huab cua kub yog li 7 degrees hauv qab xoom. Yuav luag tag nrho lub xyoo nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv Bering, lub Gulf ntawm Anadyr (tom qab uas lub hiav txwv yog lub npe, nws yog ntshiab yam tsis tau piav qhia) yog npog nrog dej khov.
Anadyr nyob hauv thaj chaw permafrost, thiab feem ntau ntawm nws cov tsev tau tsim los ntawm pawg. Lub caij ntuj sov ntawm no yog luv heev: nyob rau hauv lub Tsib Hlis thiab Lub Kaum Hli, huab cua kub feem ntau qis dua xoom. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntsuas lub caij ntuj no tseem tsis tshua muaj hnyav dua li lwm thaj chaw ntawm Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, nyob hauv av, vim qhov sib thooj ntawm hiav txwv.
nag xob nag cua hauv cheeb tsam no feem ntau poob rau lub caij ntuj sov (kwv yees li 350 mmHg ib xyoos). Dej nyob rau lub Yim Hli sov txog li 12 degrees saum toj no xoom, qhov siab tshaj plaws yog 16.9 degrees saum xoom.
dej hiav txwv muaj ntses nplua nuj. Cov no yog flounder, thiab salmon, thiab cod, thiab capelin. Hom kev lag luam tseem ceeb yog chum salmon. Bowhead thiab grey whales nyob hauv lub bay. Koj tuaj yeem pom polar bears ntawm no. Xya hom tsiaj nyob hauv lub bay muaj npe nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab.
Cov ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Gulf of Anadyr yog marshy lossis roob tundra. Cov nroj tsuag no feem ntau stunted: arctic willow,skinny birch, los ntawm berries - blueberries, cranberries. Shrubs loj hlob hauv hav dej. Feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov ntawm no yog mosses thiab lichens, feem ntau unpretentious thiab hardy sawv cev ntawm flora.
Ntxhais lus tseeb
Nyob rau xyoo 2011 thiab 2012, hauv thaj av ntawm Anadyr thiab Mount Dionisia, raws li, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb pom qhov seem ntawm cov hav zoov fossil ntawm Paleocene era. Qhov kev tshawb pom tau xav tsis thoob, vim tias tsis muaj pov thawj ntawm cov hav zoov loj hlob ntawm no nyob rau lub sijhawm qub. Cov nroj tsuag pom nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm Mount Dionisia tau raug txheeb xyuas raws li lub npe hu ua Temlyan flora (Temlyan yog lub npe ntawm lub roob hauv cov lus Chukchi). Ntawm lawv yog flowering, coniferous nroj tsuag.
