Cov nroj tsuag cell yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov kab mob nyob - ib tsob nroj. Nws muaj cov khoom uas muaj nyob hauv txhua yam kab mob eukaryotic: nucleus, cytoplasm, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes thiab lysosomes, microtubules. Txawm li cas los xij, cov nroj tsuag ntawm tes muaj qhov sib txawv - qhov no yog qhov muaj plastids, vacuoles thiab phab ntsa cellulose.
Sib sau tag nrho cov organelles ntawm lawv tus kheej thiab koom nrog hauv cov metabolism hauv cov kua nruab nrab tshwj xeeb ntawm cov chav nyob theem qis (cell) - cytoplasm. Cov qauv ntawm cytoplasm yog heev complex. Nws yog ib tug multicomponent colloidal tov uas yuav hloov los ntawm ib tug sol mus rau ib tug gel. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tag nrho cov cell yog permeated nrog protein filaments uas tsim lub cytoskeleton ntawm lub structural unit. Nws muaj cov dej, uas suav txog 60 txog 90% ntawm tag nrho cov huab hwm coj, cov protein (10-20%) thiab lipids (txog 23%), nrog rau cov organic thiab inorganic. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cytoplasm hauv lub neej ntawm tes yog siab heev:
- nws yog qhov nruab nrab uas muaj tshuaj lom neeg tshwm sim;
- noj ib feem hauv cov metabolism;
- txhawb nqa turgor thiab thermoregulation;
- ua haujlwm txhawb nqa, pab lub cell kom nws zoo li qub.
Cells cuam tshuam rau cov kua nruab nrab ib nrab
thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb - kub, lub teeb, huab cua muaj pes tsawg leeg, tus nqi dej. Tag nrho cov no ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev txav ntawm cytoplasm, uas nws nyob tas li. Vim yog lub zog ntawm cov tshuaj colloidal nrog cov as-ham (oxygen, ATP, thiab lwm yam), lub tsev kawm ntawv theem pib ntawm cov kab mob muaj sia nyob. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub cell yog ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem physiological. Cov khoom noj khoom haus ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm lub cev muaj sia tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm biochemical cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, vim tias cov tshuaj inorganic hloov mus rau hauv cov organic. Cov nroj tsuag ntawm tes ua pa oxygen, uas yog tsim thaum lub sij hawm oxidation ntawm complex tshuaj - carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thaum ua pa, kev sib txuas thiab tso tawm ntawm lub zog tsim nyog los txhawb nqa lub neej tshwm sim. Cov nroj tsuag loj hlob los ntawm ncab phab ntsa cellulose thiab ua kom lub ntim ntawm cytoplasm thiab vacuole.
Nyob rau hauv qhov sib sau ua ke, tag nrho cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb no koom nrog hauv cov metabolism, lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov khoom tshiab, lawv decomposition rau hauv cov khoom me me, tshem tawm cov khoom lwj los ntawm cov cell lossis deposition hauv daim ntawv. ntawm reserves. Kev xaiv cov kev sib txuas tsis tsim nyog tshwm sim los ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm tes, thiab kev txav mus los, kev sau (tsim) ntawm cov qauv tshiab yog ua tiav vim kev txav ntawm cytoplasm.
Ib yam khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlwb yog lawv lub peev xwm los sib npauglos ntawm kev faib. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog tsim los ntawm ob tug ntxhais cov txheej txheem ntawm cov kab mob uas muaj sia nyob, uas muaj cov txheej txheem chromosomes zoo ib yam rau leej niam.
Yog li, cov noob ntawm tes yog qhov me tshaj plaws nyob hauv lub cev, nws pub, ua pa, ua rau cov stimuli, loj hlob, ntau, thiab cov cytoplasm thiab organelles rau hauv nws koom nrog hauv metabolism.
