Azerbaijan yog ib lub tebchaws uas muaj thawj tswj hwm ntawm tsoomfwv. Lub xeev no suav hais tias yog qhov loj tshaj plaws hauv South Caucasus. Cia peb xav ntxiv txog cov yam ntxwv uas paub qhov txawv ntawm Koom pheej ntawm Azerbaijan.
cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
lub peev ntawm lub xeev yog Baku. Lub teb chaws suav hais tias yog secular. Lub xeev nyob rau hauv Western Asia. Cov cheeb tsam ntawm Azerbaijan tau nyob hauv ntau dua 9 lab tus tib neeg. (rau 2013). Lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub teb chaws cheeb tsam yog 86 txhiab square meters. km. Cov lus ntawm lub xeev yog Azerbaijani. Lub teb chaws muaj ntau tus neeg lees paub thiab ntau haiv neeg. Feem ntau ntawm cov pejxeem tshaj tawm Islam, ib tug me - Christianity thiab Judaism. Txhua tus pej xeem ntawm Azerbaijan txij li lub Cuaj Hlis 1, 2013 muaj daim ntawv hla tebchaws biometric. Nws yog siv rau kev txav mus los hauv lub tebchaws thiab mus txawv tebchaws. Chav tsev nyiaj txiag yog Azerbaijani manat (1 AZN yog kwv yees li 42 Russian rubles).
Azerbaijani hnub so
Kev ua koob tsheej hauv lub tebchaws:
- Xyoo Tshiab (Lub Ib Hlis 1).
- International Women's Day (Lub Peb Hlis 8).
- Novruz Bayramy (21.03).
Hnub so ntawm Azerbaijan kuj suav nrog hnub:
- Kev yeej (May 9).
- Republics (May 28).
- Tub Rog (Lub Rau Hli 26).
- Independence (Lub Kaum Hli 18).
- Tswv Teb Chaws (Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 9).
- Constitution (November 12).
- National Revival (November 17).
- Kev sib koom siab ntawm Azerbaijanis thoob ntiaj teb (Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 31).
Lub Peb Hlis 31 yog Hnub Ua Phem.
President
Nws ua tus thawj coj hauv xeev. Thawj Tswj Hwm raug xaiv los ntawm cov neeg pov npav xaiv tsa. Lub sijhawm ua haujlwm yog 5 xyoos. Lub hwj chim ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm suav nrog kev xaiv tsa nom tswv. Yog tias tsis muaj peev xwm ua tiav kev xaiv tsa raws li cov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua phem, lub sijhawm ua haujlwm yuav tsum txuas ntxiv mus txog thaum lawv ua tiav. Qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov no yog ua los ntawm Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Cai Lij Choj raws li qhov kev thov ntawm lub xeev lub cev, uas nws muaj peev xwm suav nrog kev ua kom muaj kev xaiv tsa.
Peculiarities ntawm Azerbaijan txoj cai
Lub cev sawv cev siab tshaj plaws yog National Unicameral Assembly - Milli Majlis. Cov kev cai lij choj ntawm Azerbaijan tau txais los ntawm 125 tus neeg sawv cev. Lub cev sawv cev raug xaiv los ntawm kev pov npav nrov. Lub sijhawm ua haujlwm yog 5 xyoos. Thawj qhov kev xaiv tsa tau muaj nyob rau xyoo 1955. Muaj ntau tshaj 30 tog thiab kev txav chaw hauv lub tebchaws. Kev koom nrog yog suav tias yog qhov tseem ceeb:
- "New Azerbaijan".
- "Musavat".
- Democratic Party.
- "Pab neeg pem hauv ntej".
- Liberal Party.
- Social Democratic Movement.
People's Economic Complex
Lub koom pheej ntawm Azerbaijan yog lub tebchaws muaj kev lag luam-ua liaj ua teb. Kev lag luam tau tsim zoo hauv lub xeev. Lub teb chaws txoj kev ua liaj ua teb muaj ntau haiv neeg. Qhov chaw tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws kev lag luam complex yog nyob ntawm roj thiab roj ntau lawm, tshuaj, mining, tshuab tsim kev lag luam, non-ferrous metallurgy. Kev lag luam zaub mov tau tsim zoo: tshuaj yej, luam yeeb, kaus poom, ua cawv txiv hmab. Ntau qhov ntau lawm tau sau tseg hauv kev lag luam teeb pom kev zoo (paj rwb, paj rwb ginning, wool, silk, ntaub pua plag weaving). Kev lag luam ntawm Azerbaijan suav tias yog tus thawj coj ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov tebchaws CIS. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm 2003 thiab 2008 Lub teb chaws GDP tau nce 2.6 npaug, thiab cov neeg txom nyem poob ntawm 45 mus rau 11%. Hauv xyoo 2006, GDP nce 36.6%. Kev lag luam Azerbaijani tau nce mus ntxiv tsis tu ncua txij li xyoo 1996. Tshaj li 10 xyoo dhau los, nws tau loj hlob los ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm 13.6% txhua xyoo.
thaj chaw
Cov koom pheej ntawm Azerbaijan yog ntxuav los ntawm Hiav Txwv Caspian. Hauv av, lub tebchaws nyob sib ze nrog Russia, Armenia, Georgia, Iran. Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic, ib qho exclave ntawm Azerbaijan, ciam teb rau Armenia nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj, Iran nyob rau sab hnub poob, thiab Qaib Cov Txwv nyob rau sab qaum teb.
Txhob Cia Siab
Ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub xeev yog nyob hauv roob. Lawv sab qaum teb yog suav nrog cov kab ke ntawm Greater, sab hnub poob thiab sab qab teb sab hnub poob - Lub Caucasus tsawg. Muaj glaciers nyob rau hauv highlands. Cov dej turbulent ntawm Azerbaijan kuj ntws ntawm no. Hauv nruab nrab cov roob muaj qhov tob tob. Ntau yam ntawm Greater Caucasus los ntawm sab hnub poob mus rau sab hnub tuaj, ua ntejmaj mam, ces sharply txo. Lawv hloov los ntawm qis ridges. Nyob rau hauv lub Lesser Caucasus, lub roob tsis txawv nyob rau hauv siab. Lawv suav nrog ntau qhov ntau thiab cov toj roob hauv pes Karabakh nrog cov volcanoes uas ploj lawm. Sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj yog nyob ntawm lub roob Lankaran. Lawv muaj 3 parallel ridges. Lub Talysh Range suav hais tias yog qhov siab tshaj plaws. Nws lub ntsiab ncov Kemryukei nce mus txog 2477 m.
Nruab nrab ntawm lub roob ntawm Lesser thiab Greater Caucasus hla Kura-Araks lowland. Nws sab qaum teb thiab sab qaum teb sab hnub poob yog sawv cev los ntawm cov kab ke ntawm toj, hav thiab qis qis. Alluvial plains nyob rau sab hnub tuaj thiab hauv nruab nrab. Nyob ze ntawm ntug hiav txwv dej yog qhov qis delta ntawm Kura. Nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Greater Caucasus lies lub Kusar Plain. Lub hiav txwv Caspian suav nrog Kura Spit thiab Apsheron Peninsula. Lub ntsiab dej hlab ntsha ntawm lub teb chaws yog tus dej. Kura. Nws hla lub koom pheej los ntawm sab qaum teb hnub poob mus rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj, ntws mus rau hauv Hiav Txwv Caspian. Lub ntsiab tributary yog lub Araks. Feem ntau ntawm lub teb chaws tus dej ntws mus rau Kura phiab. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj txog ib txhiab kwj nyob rau hauv ib ncig, tab sis tsuas yog 21 muaj ib tug ntev ntawm ntau tshaj ib puas kilometers.
History
Lub koom pheej ntawm Azerbaijan tau tsim thaum lub sijhawm tawg ntawm USSR hauv 1991. Ayaz Mutalibov ua thawj tus thawj tswj hwm. Thaum kawg ntawm lub yim hli ntuj 1991, ib tug tshaj tawm tau txais los ntawm lub Supreme Council ntawm lub teb chaws. Raws li nws, lub koom pheej ntawm Azerbaijan rov qab nws txoj kev ywj pheej. Ua raws li kev tshaj tawm, ib txoj cai lij choj tau txais yuav. Nws tau tso lub hauv pauseconomic, nom tswv thiab lub xeev qauv ntawm Azerbaijan. Lub Rau Hli 1992, Ayaz Mutalibov tau hloov los ntawm Abufaz Elchibey. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawd nyob rau hauv Azerbaijan, nws yog tus thawj coj ntawm lub nrov pem hauv ntej. Yagub Mammadov thiab Isa Gambar kuj tau ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub tebchaws. Ob leeg yog tus thawj tswj hwm hauv Azerbaijan ib zaug.
Tshaj Tawm Tshiab
Thaum lub sijhawm ua tub rog tawm tsam, muaj ntau qhov ua tsis tiav vim qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm Nrov Pem Hauv Ntej. Tag nrho cov no ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov ntawm lub hwj chim. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 4, 1993, kev tawm tsam ntawm Suret Huseynov pib hauv Ganja. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam ntawm kev tsov rog hauv pej xeem, Heydar Aliyev raug caw tuaj rau Baku. Lub sijhawm ntawd nws nyob hauv Nakhichevan. Heydar Aliyev tau muab lub hwj chim ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub koom pheej. Thaum lub sijhawm cov xwm txheej, ib pawg ntawm Talysh cov tub ceev xwm coj los ntawm Colonel Gummatov tshaj tawm txoj cai tswjfwm hauv Lankaran. Heydar Aliyev tsis paub nws, thiab thaum Lub Yim Hli 23 qhov kev tawm tsam no tau tawg.
Kev tsis sib haum xeeb
Thaum 1991-1992. Muaj qee qhov kev hloov ntawm thaj chaw. Hauv particular, Artsvashen exclave tuaj nyob rau hauv kev tswj ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Azerbaijan. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, muaj cov cheeb tsam uas tsis yog-sovereign nyob rau hauv nws, uas pib mus rau Armenia. Tshwj xeeb, xws li thaj tsam ntawm Azerbaijan xws li Upper Askipara, Bakhurdaly, Karki dhau mus rau nws.
Ceasefire Agreement
Nws tau kos npe nrog kev sib haum xeeb ntawm CIS lub teb chaws nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis 1994. Thaum tsov rog, cov Armenians raug ntiab tawm los ntawm Azerbaijanis los ntawm ntau thaj tsam. Yav dhau los, cov tom kawg yog cov feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no. Feem ntau, cov tub rog NKR thiab cov tub rog Armenian tau txhawb nqa nws rov qab tswj hwm qee thaj chaw nyob sab nraud uas tau tshaj tawm xyoo 1991 ntu ntawm Nagorno-Karabakh, uas yav dhau los feem ntau Azerbaijanis nyob. Cov kev ua no xyoo 1993 tau suav tias yog UN Security Council ua txoj haujlwm. Tom qab ib ntus, NKR cov tub ceev xwm, uas txuas ntxiv tswj hwm thaj chaw no, suav nrog lawv hauv lawv txoj kev tswj hwm-ib thaj chaw.
Kev cog lus ntawm ib puas xyoo
Nws raug kaw hauv xyoo 1994, thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 20, hauv Gulustan Palace. Daim ntawv cog lus no tau dhau los ua ib qho kev cog lus loj tshaj plaws. Daim ntawv cog lus tau muab rau kev sib faib ntawm cov khoom tau los ntawm cov dej tob tob ntawm Chirag, Azeri thiab Gunashli. Qhov kev pom zoo no yog ib qho loj tshaj plaws ntawm ob qho tib si ntawm qhov ntim ntawm hydrocarbon reserves thiab tus nqi ntawm kev thov kev nqis peev. Daim ntawv cog lus coj 400 nplooj ntawv thiab raug tua ua 4 yam lus. 13 lub tuam txhab los ntawm 8 lub teb chaws tau koom nrog hauv daim ntawv cog lus. Kev suav ua ntej tau pom tias qhov kwv yees cov roj cia rau thawj zaug muaj txog 511 lab tons. Tab sis tom qab ntawd, kev ntsuas kev ntsuas tau ua tiav, thiab raws li cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, muaj 730 lab tons ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv tau tsim. Hauv qhov no, cov nyiaj tau los ntawm kev nqis peev tau nce mus rau 11.5 billion las. Raws li daim ntawv cog lus, 80% ntawm tag nrho cov nyiaj tau los yog vim Azerbaijan, thiab 20% - rau cov tub ua lag luam. Txij li thaum pib ntawm kev ua raws li qhov kev pom zoo, ib qho kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws kev lag luam complex ntawm lub teb chaws, ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm kev ua hauj lwm twb launched. Nyob rau hauv 1995, nyob rau hauv thawj qhov project roj ntau lawm, raws li thoob ntiaj tebCov qauv, kev kho dua tshiab ntawm lub platform "Chygrak-1" tau ua tiav. Rau cov qhov dej drilling nrog qhov siab dua, cov qauv sab saud tau kho dua tshiab thiab rov nruab dua. Ib hom tshiab ntawm drilling rig ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tho kab rov tav mus rau qhov dej txheej. Ib tug loj ntim ntawm cov roj pib ntws los ntawm feem ntau obliquely drilled raws. Kev tsim khoom ntawm Chirag teb pib xyoo 1997.
Present
Azerbaijan hnub no yog lub tebchaws tsim kev ncaj ncees ntawm kev lag luam. Heydar Aliyev tuag nyob rau hauv 2003. Nws tau hloov ua tus thawj tswj hwm los ntawm nws tus tub, Ilham. Nyob rau hauv 2010, 2 lub zos ntawm Magaramkent cheeb tsam ntawm Dagestan nrog 600 Lezgins, cov pej xeem ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, tsiv mus rau lub Khachmas cheeb tsam ntawm Azerbaijan. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov ntws ntawm tus dej tau muab faib. Samur. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 2013, 3 thaj chaw pasture ntawm Dokuzparinsky koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Dagestan kuj tau mus rau Azerbaijan.
kev lom zem
Nyob rau hauv 70 km sab qab teb ntawm Baku, qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm pob zeb carvings nyob rau hauv CIS lub teb chaws, Kobystan, twb nrhiav tau. Kuj tseem muaj ntau dua 4 txhiab qhov chaw tshwj xeeb, fortresses, qhov tsua thiab faus av. Tag nrho cov muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 10 txhiab xyoo. Lub monuments tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam tsim ib tug keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai cia. Lub zos ntawm Surakhani nyob 30 km qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Baku. Nws muaj lub tuam tsev complex "Ateshgah". Thawj qhov kev tsim kho ntawm lub monument hnub rov qab mus rau xyoo pua 2nd. BC e. Muaj cov fortresss thoob plaws hauv Absheron Peninsula. Lawv tau tsim los ntawm Shirvan shahs. Castles hauv Mardakan, sunken ruinsBailov tsev fuabtais, Tuba-Shahi mosque, ntau yam fortifications nyob rau hauv Buzovna, Shuvelyany, Kishly, Sabunchi, Amirjany, Mashtagi, Kala, txog. Pirallahi thiab lwm yam. Lub nroog Shabran nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Azerbaijan. Nws yog ib feem ntawm Derbent tiv thaiv kab ke hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog. Nyob rau tib txoj kev yog lub peev ntawm Cuban ancient Khanate, lub nroog ntawm Cuba.
Shemakha yog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm cov nyiam tshaj plaws thiab qub nroog ntawm Azerbaijan. Nws nyob 130 km sab hnub poob ntawm lub teb chaws lub peev. Lub nroog Sheki nyob 380 km tsis deb ntawm ciam teb nrog Georgia. Cov pov thawj archaeological qhia tau hais tias nws yuav yog ib qho ntawm qhov qub tshaj plaws nyob hauv Caucasus. Nyob rau hauv lub suburbs ntawm Sheki, muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai monuments. Cov no, piv txwv li, suav nrog Kumbazi yees hauv Kutkashen, lub fortresses ntawm Sumug, Gelesen-Geresen, Kish, tus pej thuam thiab lub tuam tsev ntawm Orta-Zeyzit, lub tsev teev ntuj Ilisu, lub tsev teev ntuj hauv Babaratma, thiab lwm yam. Lub cheeb tsam nws tus kheej yog amazingly zoo nkauj. Nws yog intricately dotted nrog nqaim thiab tob kwj deg nrog ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm springs, waterfalls, dej huv tshaj plaws, thiab mineral springs. Tag nrho cov no splendor yog surrounded los ntawm alpine meadows thiab tuab forests. Lub nroog Lankaran yav dhau los yog lub peev ntawm Talysh Khanate. Nws nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub tebchaws, nyob ze ciam teb nrog Iran.
Rau rau sab qaum teb, 100 km yog ib lub nroog zoo nkauj tshaj plaws hauv nruab nrab ntawm Haneg. Cov phab ntsa ntawm lub fortress, lub mosque, lub ntxa ntawm Pir Hussein thiab lwm yam qauv tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no. Nyob ze ntawm lub confluence ntawm tus dej. Nqaij qaib hauv hiav txwv yog lub nroog qub ntawm Neftchala. Nws khaws cia lub Goltuk fortress, lub ruins ntawm defensivecov qauv, Piratavan sanctuary, Khilli mosque. Nyob rau sab qaum teb hnub poob ntawm lub nroog, archaeologists txuas ntxiv mus nrhiav cov keeb kwm tshiab. Hauv particular, lub nroog ntawm Orenkala, lub mounds ntawm Garatepe, Gyzyltepe, Goshatepe, Mukhurtepe thiab lwm yam tau pom. Fortified yees, mausoleums, castles, monasteries ntawm Nrab Hnub nyoog yog nyob raws ciam teb nrog Nagorno-Karabakh.
Muaj ntau qhov chaw khaws cia, nuv ntses thiab chaw ua si hauv zos ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Caspian. Cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm tus dej. Nqaij qaib yog suav tias yog ib qho chaw nuv ntses sturgeon. Cov ridges ntawm Talysh roob nyob raws ciam teb nrog Iran. Thaj chaw no suav hais tias yog qhov txawv tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws. Hauv thaj tsam subtropical muaj cov hav zoov sib xyaw thiab dav-leaved. Ntau tus neeg sawv cev ntawm Hyrcanian flora nyob ntawm no. Qhov chaw no yog lub npe hu ua ib qho chaw zoo tshaj plaws hauv Azerbaijan. Lwm lub nroog qub tshaj plaws yog Kabala. Nws suav hais tias yog lub chaw kev ntseeg thiab kev nom kev tswv ntawm Caucasian Albania. Nyob rau hauv Arabic qhov chaw, nws yog hu ua Khazar. Ib lub tsev teev ntuj, lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Mansur thiab Badreddin, cov tsev fuabtais ntawm Sary-Tepe thiab Ajinne-Tepe tau muaj sia nyob rau hnub no. Lub nroog Nakhichevan kuj yog thaum ub. Nyob rau sab qab teb yog lub nroog Ordubad. Nws tau paub txij li xyoo pua 12th. Dilber thiab Juma mosques, khan lub tsev hais plaub, madrasahs, nrog rau ntau lub tsev medieval, uas tau muab tso ua ke rau hauv lub xeev keeb kwm kev tsim vaj tsev, nyob ntawm no.
