Kawm lus Lavxias thiab ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv, txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm ntsib cov lus hais uas tsis yog yam ntxwv ntawm cov lus sau. Cov lus nug tshwm sim ntawm dab tsi yog lub ntsiab lus classical ntawm cov kab lus no, dab tsi yog keeb kwm ntawm lawv qhov tshwm sim thiab lub luag haujlwm hauv kev sib txuas lus ntawm peb cov neeg niaj hnub.
Jargon yog dab tsi?
Qhov no yog ib chav lexical (ob leeg ib lo lus thiab ib kab lus), uas tsis yog yam ntxwv ntawm cov canons ntawm cov lus sau. Kev siv cov kev hloov pauv no feem ntau hauv kev sib txuas lus tsis raug cai. Jargon yog ib lo lus sib tham thiab kev qhia siv hauv qee pawg neeg. Ntxiv mus, qhov zoo li, kev loj hlob, kev hloov pauv thiab tshem tawm ntawm cov neeg hais lus hloov pauv tau tshwm sim hauv ib feem ntawm lub zej zog.
Jargon yog qhov sib npaug ntawm cov lus sau hauv ib daim ntawv nkag siab tsuas yog hais cov neeg hauv ib pab pawg. Cov no yog cov uas tsis yog-normative, tsis lees paub cov lus txhais rau classical txhais ntawm cov khoom, kev ua thiab kev txhais. Cov lus slang ntawm txhua pawg neeg hauv zej zog tsim ib hom lus ntawm kev sib txuas lus nkag tsis tau rau kev nkag siab ntawm cov neeg tsis paub, hu ua slang.
Keeb kwm thiabsib txawv
Lo lus "jargon" los, raws li V. Dahl ("Phau ntawv txhais lus piav qhia ntawm Lub Neej Zoo Tshaj Plaws"), los ntawm Fabkis jargon. Nws txawv ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov lus sau:
- cov lus tshwj xeeb thiab kab lus.
- Zoo meej, kab lus hais.
- siv ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntawv derivational.
- Tsis muaj tus kheej lub xov tooj.
- Kev tsis ua raws li cov cai ntawm cov qauv sau ntawv.
Hnub no, jargon tsis yog kev sib txuas lus hauv qhov ncauj xwb, tab sis kuj yog ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev kos duab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv niaj hnub no, cov lus no tau txhob txwm siv nrog rau cov lus piv txwv, cov lus sib piv, cov lus hais los txhim kho thiab muab xim tshwj xeeb rau cov ntsiab lus.
Thawj chiv keeb, kev hais lus-jargonisms yog cov cuab yeej txawj ntse ntawm qee cov pawg hauv zej zog, qee qhov tsis muaj lawm. Niaj hnub no, qhov no yog ob lo lus nrov, uas muaj nws tus kheej cov lus sib tham, thiab cov lus ntawm cov lus sau, uas siv ntau lub ntsiab lus ntawm tib lo lus, tsim nyob rau hauv ib pab pawg neeg ntawm tib neeg. Tam sim no lub conditionally hu ua "general fund" tau raug tsim thiab nthuav, uas yog, cov lus hloov los ntawm lawv cov ntsiab lus qub nyob rau hauv ib hom jargon rau hauv pej xeem txhais. Yog li, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm tub sab 'slang, lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus "tsaus" yog "kom nkaum qhov nyiag khoom" lossis "kom tsis txhob muaj lus teb thaum nug." Niaj hnub nimno cov tub ntxhais hluas jargon txhais qhov no yog "kom nyob twj ywm, hais lus riddles."
Yuav ua li cas slanglus?
Cov lus thiab kev sib txuas ua ke yog raws li cov lus sib txawv thiab cov lus ntawm cov lus muaj nyob hauv ib puag ncig ntawm lawv qhov tsos. Txoj kev ntawm lawv tsim: muab lub ntsiab lus sib txawv, piv txwv li, rov xav dua, rov ua dua, suab truncation, nquag assimilation ntawm cov lus ntawm cov lus txawv teb chaws.
Piv txwv ntawm jargon nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv txoj kev saum toj no:
- tus txiv neej hluas - "tus txiv neej" (los ntawm gypsy);
- tus phooj ywg ze - "gelfriend" (los ntawm lus Askiv);
- authoritative - "zoo";
- apartment - "hut" (los ntawm Ukrainian).
Cov kev sib koom ua ke kuj tseem siv rau hauv lawv qhov tsos. Piv txwv li: "dollars" - "brilliant ntsuab" (raws li cov xim ntawm American banknotes).
History and present
Kev sib raug zoo yog cov lus thiab cov lus hais, thawj zaug pom nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th nyob rau hauv lub voj voog ntawm cov nom tswv, cov lus hu ua "salon". Lovers thiab admirers ntawm txhua yam Fabkis feem ntau siv distorted lo lus ntawm cov lus no. Piv txwv li: "pleasure" hu ua "pleaser".
Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm jargon yog khaws cov ntaub ntawv xa tawm tsis pub lwm tus paub, ib hom kev encoding thiab paub txog "peb" thiab "lawv". Qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm "cov lus zais cia" yog khaws cia rau hauv ib puag ncig gangster raws li kev hais lus ntawm asocial ntsiab thiab hu ua "tub sab 'slang". Yog li, piv txwv li: rab riam yog "tus cwj mem", lub tsev loj cuj yog "ua yeeb yam", hu xov tooj yog "tus lej xov tooj".
Lwm hom jargon - tsev kawm ntawv, menyuam kawm ntawv, kis las, kws tshaj lij - xyaumpoob qhov khoom no. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev hais lus hluas, nws tseem muaj lub luag haujlwm los txheeb xyuas "cov neeg txawv tebchaws" hauv zej zog. Feem ntau, rau cov tub ntxhais hluas, jargon yog ib txoj hauv kev lees paub tus kheej, ib qho kev qhia txog kev koom nrog tus naj npawb ntawm "cov neeg laus" thiab cov xwm txheej rau kev lees txais rau hauv ib lub tuam txhab.
Kev siv cov lus tshwj xeeb yog txwv los ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib tham: cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib tham, raws li txoj cai, qhia txog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov neeg nqaim. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov jargon los ntawm cov lus yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm nws cov kev siv poob rau kev sib txuas lus tsis raug cai.
Ntau yam jargons
Tam sim no tsis muaj ib qho, meej faib cov lus piav qhia. Tsuas yog peb qhov chaw tuaj yeem muab faib kom raug: kev tshaj lij, cov hluas thiab kev ua phem phem. Txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas cov qauv thiab cov lus qhia ib leeg los ntawm cov lus jargon uas muaj nyob hauv ib pawg neeg hauv zej zog. Cov hom jargon hauv qab no feem ntau muaj thiab muaj cov lus dav dav:
- Kev tshaj lij (los ntawm hom tshwj xeeb).
- Military.
- Journalistic.
- Computer (nrog rau kev ua si, network jargon).
- Fidonet Jargon.
- Cov tub ntxhais hluas (nrog rau cov lus qhia - tsev kawm ntawv, cov menyuam kawm ntawv slang).
- LGBT.
- xov tooj cua amateur.
- Drug slang.
- Slang for football fans.
- Kev Txhaum Cai (fenya).
Special variety
Cov lus tshaj lij yog cov lus yooj yim los ntawm kev txo lossis koom nrog cov lus siv los qhia tshwj xeebcov ntsiab lus thiab cov ntsiab lus hauv ib puag ncig tshwj xeeb ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Cov lus no tau tshwm sim vim qhov tseeb tias feem ntau ntawm cov kev txhais lus yog qhov ntev thiab nyuaj rau kev hais tawm, lossis lawv lub ntsiab lus tsis muaj nyob hauv cov lus niaj hnub no. Cov lus jargon muaj nyob hauv yuav luag txhua lub koom haum kev tshaj lij. Lawv cov lus tsim tsis ua raws li cov cai tshwj xeeb rau slang. Txawm li cas los xij, jargon muaj lub luag haujlwm hais lus, ua ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim rau kev sib txuas lus thiab kev sib txuas lus.
Jargon: piv txwv siv los ntawm programmers thiab cov neeg siv Internet
Rau cov tsis tau pib, cov lus hais hauv computer yog qhov tshwj xeeb thiab nyuaj rau kev nkag siab. Nov yog qee qhov piv txwv:
- "Windows" - Windows operating system;
- "ntoo" - tsav tsheb;
- jobat - ua haujlwm;
- "failed" - nres ua haujlwm;
- "server" - server;
- "keyboard" - keyboard;
- "software" - computer programs;
- "hacker" - program cracker;
- "user" - user.
Tswv slang - slang
Kev ua txhaum cai jargon yog qhov ntau thiab tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv:
- "malyava" - tsab ntawv;
- "pipe" - mobile phone;
- "ksiva" - passport los yog daim npav ID;
- " qaib" - tus neeg raug kaw, "qis" los ntawm cov neeg raug kaw;
- " thoob" - tso quav;
- "urka" - tus neeg raug kaw uas tau dim;
- "fraer" - tus neeg uas loj;
- "crosses" - nkuaj;
- "vajtswv" - lub taub hau ntawm chav ruaj ntseg hauv cheeb tsam;
- " tshis" -Cov neeg raug kaw koom tes nrog pawg tswj hwm;
- "zariki" - tsuav rau kev ua si backgammon;
- "tus menyuam kawm ntawv tsis tuaj kawm ntawv" - ib tug ntxhais uas tau ntsib hauv lub nroog;
- "rov qab" - tso koj tus kheej tom qab raug kaw;
- " lim lub khw" - xav li koj hais;
- "hostess" - lub taub hau ntawm lub txim txhaum cai;
- "nema bazaar" - tsis muaj lus nug;
- "tawm ntawm huab cua" - tau nyiaj tag.
School slang
Jargon yog qhov tshwj xeeb thiab nthuav dav hauv tsev kawm ib puag ncig:
- "pab" - xib fwb;
- "historian" - tus kws qhia keeb kwm;
- "classwoman" - tus kws qhia ntawv;
- "kontroha" - test;
- "ua tsev" - homework;
- "fizra" - kev kawm lub cev;
- "nerd" yog ib tug menyuam kawm ntawv zoo;
- "spur" - cheat sheet;
- "pair" - deuce.
Cov hluas slang: piv txwv
Jargon siv los ntawm cov hluas:
- "Gavrik" - tus neeg tho txawv;
- " qaib" - ntxhais;
- "neeg" - yawg;
- "pua qaib" - ntxias ib tug ntxhais;
- "klubeshnik" - club;
- disco - disco;
- "tshem tawm" - tshem tawm lawv lub meej mom;
- "base" - chav tsev;
- "cov poj koob yawm txwv" - niam txiv;
- "kawg" - tham;
- "Umat" - zoo heev;
- "Otpad" yog qhov zoo;
- "clothes" - khaub ncaws;
- pret - hlub nws.
Ntawm cov lus txawv teb chaws
Lus Askiv lexicology muaj peb lo lus sib txawv: cant, slang, jargon. Txog rau tam sim no, kev sib cais meej ntawm lawv tsis tau tsim, tab sis thaj chaw ntawm lawv siv tau piav qhia. Yog li, cant denotes the conditional vocabulary of some social group, xws li tub sab 'slang or school slang.
Cov cim jargon yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv phau ntawv txhais lus rau cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb, uas yog, nws sib raug rau Lavxias teb sab subspecies ntawm kev tshaj lij jargon.
Kuj jargon, cant and slang denote colloquial expressions and vulgar words. Lawv yog tus cwj pwm tsis yog los ntawm ib puag ncig tshwj xeeb ntawm kev siv, tab sis kuj yog los ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm cov qauv sau ntawv thiab cov xov tooj ntawm txhua qhov kev sau ntawv uas twb muaj lawm.
Hauv lus Askiv, jargon yog cant thiab jargon, uas suav nrog tus kheej cov lus, kab lus thiab kev hais lus. Lawv tshwm sim ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm tag nrho cov pab pawg neeg thiab ua tsaug rau cov tib neeg.
lus Askiv jargon feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm artistic style thaum conveying cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov cim. Feem ntau tus sau piav qhia txog cov lus siv slang.
Ntau lo lus uas thaum chiv keeb tsuas yog txhais tau tias tam sim no yeej muaj cai los siv rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv qub.
Hauv lus Askiv niaj hnub no, jargon plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ntau txoj haujlwm. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog koj ntsib lawv hauv cov tub ntxhais kawm, kev ua kis las, ntawm cov tub rog.
Nws yog tsim nyog hais tias muaj cov jargon, lawv tsis tsim nyog siv nyob rau hauvclogs cov lus hauv kev sib txuas lus txhua hnub.
jargon translation
Cov lus thiab cov lus hais tau paub ntau tus neeg txhais lus thiab cov neeg txhais lus. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau cov lus qhia dav dav txog lawv thiab cov haujlwm tshawb fawb, niaj hnub no muaj qhov tshwj xeeb tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog yuav ua li cas kom raug thiab txaus txhais cov lus txhais ntawm cov lexical units.
Ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev xaiv cov lus Lavxias teb sab: tsis txhob hnov qab tias jargon muaj nyob rau hauv cov kev sib raug zoo thiab muaj qee qhov kev sib txawv. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nrhiav txoj hauv kev los txhais lawv kom nthuav tawm cov kev xav lossis cov ntsiab lus uas muaj nyob hauv qhov qub.
Nyob rau hauv cov lus niaj hnub no, jargon tau dhau los ua thoob plaws hauv txhua qhov chaw ntawm lub neej, xov xwm, yeeb yaj kiab thiab cov ntawv nyeem. Kev txwv tsis pub lawv siv yog qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig thiab tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, tab sis nws tseem ceeb thiab tsim nyog los tsim tus cwj pwm zoo rau koj cov lus.
